Review and prospect of key technologies for anti/de-icing technologies of wind turbine blades

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509033

Abstract

Abstract:

Ice accumulation on wind turbine blades can lead to power loss, affecting the safety of the units and the stability of the power grid. Through ice accumulation prediction on blades and ice prevention and removal measures, the impact of icy climatic environments on wind turbines can be reduced, which helps ensure the safe and stable operation of wind turbines. This paper reviews the key issues, research status, and development trends of icing prediction and anti/de-icing technologies for wind turbine blades, expounds on the mechanism and hazards of ice formation, summarizes the mechanism model method and data-driven method for ice accumulation prediction, analyzes the characteristics of passive ice prevention and removal technologies, active ice removal technologies, and collaborative ice prevention and removal technologies, and compares the advantages, disadvantages, and risks of various technologies. It provides an important reference for the further development of ice prevention and removal technologies for wind turbine blades.

Key words: wind turbine, blade icing, power loss, anti/de-icing

YAN Xinrong, TONG Yueping, MA Kuichao, ZHU Chunling, TAN Liping, ZHU Feihuan, XU Sida, SONG Shengnan. Review and prospect of key technologies for anti/de-icing technologies of wind turbine blades[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(3): 103-113.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509033

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2026/V59/I3/103

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序号	除冰方法	优点	缺点	风险点
1	超疏水涂层	1）施工简单 2）安全、易维护 3）可延迟结冰时间	1）防覆冰效果有限，不适用于覆冰严重风场 2）易磨损，使用寿命短	1）仅延缓结冰，无法阻止重度覆冰 2）实际应用中需频繁修复，增加运维成本
2	疏冰涂层	1）施工简单 2）安全、易维护	1）低温失效，在低温度下存在结冰风险 2）易磨损，使用寿命短	磨损后影响防除冰性能
3	深色涂层	1）施工简单 2）安全、易维护 3）无需外部能源	1）阴天或低温失效，在低温度下存在结冰风险 2）易磨损，使用寿命短	1）磨损后，防除冰性能下降 2）夏天高温时可能因光热效应导致叶片过热，对叶片结构安全性产生不利影响
4	电脉冲法	功耗低，除冰速度快	1）无防冰功能 2）容易对叶片造成疲劳损伤 3）改造难度大	1）高电压系统存在电气安全与电磁干扰风险 2）增加雷击风险
5	超声波法	高效节能，环保无污染	设备成本高，安装复杂，技术不成熟	需在叶片内部实施，可能会影响叶片的重量、材料和平衡
6	气动脉冲法	1）功耗低，效果好 2）无雷击风险	1）无防冰功能 2）冰厚度适应性差，低温环节性能衰减 3）工艺路线在叶片上很难实现	反复高压冲击可能引发复合材料疲劳损伤
7	电加热法	1）除冰效果良好 2）可分区加热，优化策略降低能耗	1）功耗较高 2）施工难度大 3）现有方案可靠性不高	1）增加雷击风险 2）维护难度大
8	气热法	1）对于小叶片除冰效果良好 2）施工方案相对简单 3）可以采用防冰和除冰相结合的控制策略	1）除冰效果随叶片长度增加而降低，不适用于长柔叶片 2）能耗高，效率低，加热缓慢 3）无法分区加热 4）对叶片本体结构有要求，需要在内腔形成气流循环通道	1）内腔温度过高，影响叶片寿命 2）气热管道重量较重，存在结构安全风险
9	红外辐射	1）环保清洁、易维护对加热表面损害小 2）效率高	1）所需能耗较大，设备成本高 2）需征地放置设备	1）设备需露天固定安装，存在损坏风险 2）需精准定位照射角度，偏移可能导致局部过热
10	液流融冰	可快速应急，除冰快	1）有效防护时间短，成本高 2）不适用于连续长时间覆冰气候	材料可能污染土壤

序号	除冰方法	优点	缺点	风险点
1	超疏水涂层	1）施工简单 2）安全、易维护 3）可延迟结冰时间	1）防覆冰效果有限，不适用于覆冰严重风场 2）易磨损，使用寿命短	1）仅延缓结冰，无法阻止重度覆冰 2）实际应用中需频繁修复，增加运维成本
2	疏冰涂层	1）施工简单 2）安全、易维护	1）低温失效，在低温度下存在结冰风险 2）易磨损，使用寿命短	磨损后影响防除冰性能
3	深色涂层	1）施工简单 2）安全、易维护 3）无需外部能源	1）阴天或低温失效，在低温度下存在结冰风险 2）易磨损，使用寿命短	1）磨损后，防除冰性能下降 2）夏天高温时可能因光热效应导致叶片过热，对叶片结构安全性产生不利影响
4	电脉冲法	功耗低，除冰速度快	1）无防冰功能 2）容易对叶片造成疲劳损伤 3）改造难度大	1）高电压系统存在电气安全与电磁干扰风险 2）增加雷击风险
5	超声波法	高效节能，环保无污染	设备成本高，安装复杂，技术不成熟	需在叶片内部实施，可能会影响叶片的重量、材料和平衡
6	气动脉冲法	1）功耗低，效果好 2）无雷击风险	1）无防冰功能 2）冰厚度适应性差，低温环节性能衰减 3）工艺路线在叶片上很难实现	反复高压冲击可能引发复合材料疲劳损伤
7	电加热法	1）除冰效果良好 2）可分区加热，优化策略降低能耗	1）功耗较高 2）施工难度大 3）现有方案可靠性不高	1）增加雷击风险 2）维护难度大
8	气热法	1）对于小叶片除冰效果良好 2）施工方案相对简单 3）可以采用防冰和除冰相结合的控制策略	1）除冰效果随叶片长度增加而降低，不适用于长柔叶片 2）能耗高，效率低，加热缓慢 3）无法分区加热 4）对叶片本体结构有要求，需要在内腔形成气流循环通道	1）内腔温度过高，影响叶片寿命 2）气热管道重量较重，存在结构安全风险
9	红外辐射	1）环保清洁、易维护对加热表面损害小 2）效率高	1）所需能耗较大，设备成本高 2）需征地放置设备	1）设备需露天固定安装，存在损坏风险 2）需精准定位照射角度，偏移可能导致局部过热
10	液流融冰	可快速应急，除冰快	1）有效防护时间短，成本高 2）不适用于连续长时间覆冰气候	材料可能污染土壤

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