Adaptive secondary frequency regulation strategy with coordinated virtual power plants

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509016

Abstract

Abstract:

Virtual power plant (VPP) can effectively enhance the frequency resilience of the power systems by collaboratively scheduling energy storage resources through communication networks to participate in secondary frequency regulation (SFR). However, the dynamic access/exit of energy storage resources may lead to structural uncertainties in SFR system. A SFR strategy that considers dynamic access/exit of energy storage resources in VPP has been proposed. Firstly, the SFR system is modeled as a set of subsystems depending on the participation states of energy storage resources. Secondly, to reduce communication redundancy, a dynamic event-triggered communication scheme is proposed, which only triggers information exchange when the SFR performance degrades below a preset threshold. Thirdly, considering the asynchronous switching characteristics of communication delay causing control parameters to regulate behind the participation behavior adjustment of energy storage resources, design constraints and update criteria for control parameters have been obtained based on the average dwell time (ADT) technique. Simulation results have shown that compared with existing periodic triggering control schemes, the proposed scheme can save over 50.63% of network bandwidth occupancy and SFR device operation actions.

Key words: virtual power plant, secondary frequency modulation, asynchronous switched event triggered control

WANG Zesen, WANG Xuanyuan, KONG Shuaihao, SUN Bohao, JI Zhen, SUN Wei, ZHANG Yajian, ZHANG Jiafang, PENG Chen. Adaptive secondary frequency regulation strategy with coordinated virtual power plants[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(5): 76-85.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509016

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2026/V59/I5/76

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 SFR framework with energy storage resources in VPP

Fig.2 Asynchronous parameter update of ETD and controller

Fig.3 Power disturbance in each area (step disturbance)

Fig.4 Participation status of energy storage device in VPP

Fig.5 ACE dynamic responses under step disturbances

Fig.6 Triggered intervals with different ETC schemes under step disturbances

Fig.7 Control performances with different schemes under step disturbances

Fig.8 Power disturbance in each area (stochastic disturbance)

Fig.9 ACE dynamic responses under stochastic disturbances

Fig.10 Triggered intervals with different ETC schemes under stochastic disturbances

Fig.11 Control performances with different schemes under stochastic disturbances

Fig.12 Area control errors under different average dwell times

Fig.13 Control performances with different schemes under different average dwell times

Fig.14 Power disturbance in each area (three-area case)

Fig.15 Dynamic responses of area control error in three-area case

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