Analysis of the development experience of virtual power plants in Germany and its implications

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408065

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid increase in new energy penetration, the power system faces difficulties in integrating new energy during off-peak load periods and challenges in ensuring power supply during peak load periods. As an emerging means for developing and utilizing demand-side resources, virtual power plants (VPPs) have attracted significant attention. German's VPPs have been in commercial operation for many years. In order to learn from its advanced experience, this paper analyzes the basic situation of Germany's VPPs development, including its background, development history, construction and operation entities, and main profit models; On this basis, the paper investigates the promoting effects of Germany's legal norms, market mechanisms, and electricity pricing policies. By comparing the current situation of China and Germany and summarizing the experience, relevant implications and suggestions for the development of VPPs in China are put forward.

Key words: virtual power plant, Germany, development experience, implication and suggestions

WU Xiaoyu, CAO Yuchen, MENG Heli, LIU Lin. Analysis of the development experience of virtual power plants in Germany and its implications[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(1): 1-9.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408065

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2026/V59/I1/1

Figures/Tables 7

References 30

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典型模式	企业名称	资源组合	规模/ 万kW	主要业务
独立运营商	Next Kraftwerke	发电侧、需求侧、储能	1061	资源运行优化、平衡服务、可中断负荷响应、售电
独立运营商	GETEC Energie	发电侧、需求侧	300	资源运行优化、平衡服务、可中断负荷响应、售电
电力公司运营商	MVV Energie	发电侧、需求侧	50	资源运行优化、平衡服务、可中断负荷响应、售电
电力公司运营商	BayWa.re	发电侧	200	资源运行优化、平衡服务、售电
设备制造类运营商	Sonnen	发电侧、储能	25	资源运行优化、平衡服务、需求响应

典型模式	企业名称	资源组合	规模/ 万kW	主要业务
独立运营商	Next Kraftwerke	发电侧、需求侧、储能	1061	资源运行优化、平衡服务、可中断负荷响应、售电
独立运营商	GETEC Energie	发电侧、需求侧	300	资源运行优化、平衡服务、可中断负荷响应、售电
电力公司运营商	MVV Energie	发电侧、需求侧	50	资源运行优化、平衡服务、可中断负荷响应、售电
电力公司运营商	BayWa.re	发电侧	200	资源运行优化、平衡服务、售电
设备制造类运营商	Sonnen	发电侧、储能	25	资源运行优化、平衡服务、需求响应

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