Pilot Protection of New Energy Transmission Line in Active Distribution Network Based on 5G Communication

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202307031

Abstract

Abstract:

Traditional pilot differential protection will have the problem of reliability reduction or even failure to operate after the access of new energy stations. To this end, this paper first proposes a rank difference accumulation waveform similarity algorithm and analyzes its anti-interference characteristics. The algorithm measures the similarity of two waveforms by calculating the maximum mismatch degree of two sets of data, which significantly reduces the influence of abnormal data on waveform similarity judgment. On this basis, using the difference of transient current waveform characteristics on both sides of the transmission line, the paper proposes a new pilot protection principle based on 5G communication technology and constructs a complete protection scheme. Finally, the performance of the proposed protection scheme is verified with PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results show that the scheme is not limited by the types of new energy and is suitable for all kinds of new energy stations. It has a good ability to resist delay, misoperation, noise, and abnormal data. It also has good operation performance in the cases of weak output of new energy and circuit breaker reclosing on permanent fault.

Key words: new energy, active distribution network, pilot protection, 5G communication, waveform similarity, transient current

Tiecheng LI, Hui FAN, Weiming ZHANG, Xianzhi WANG, Yihong ZHANG, Zhihui DAI. Pilot Protection of New Energy Transmission Line in Active Distribution Network Based on 5G Communication[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(11): 139-150.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202307031

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V57/I11/139

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1 Standard waveform example

Fig.2 Anti-interference characteristics of algorithm

Table 1 Changes in AR with different values of abnormal data

场景	异常数据1	异常数据2	A_R	场景	异常数据1	异常数据2	A_R
1	–1.0	–0.3	54	9	0.30	–0.30	56
2	–0.4	–0.3	54	10	0.40	–0.30	58
3	–0.3	–0.3	54	11	0.50	–0.30	58
4	–0.2	–0.3	54	12	1.00	–0.30	58
5	–0.1	–0.3	54	13	0.01	0.20	8
6	0	–0.3	42	14	0.20	0.01	30
7	0.1	–0.3	42	15	0.20	–0.20	44
8	0.2	–0.3	44	16	0.20	–1.00	44

Fig.3 Composition of distribution network pilot protection based on 5G communication

Fig.4 Overall structure of pilot protection system for transmission lines

Fig.5 Fan access to distribution network transmission line

Fig.6 Flowchart of protection scheme

Fig.7 Transmission line topology of typical new energy station

Table 2 Simulation parameters of new energy station

类型	参数	数值
光伏电站	额定容量/MW	8
	逆变器直流母线电压/kV	1
	逆变器直流侧电容/μF	3900
	光伏额定输出电压/kV	0.6
	网侧线电压/kV	10.5
	电网频率/Hz	50
	额定容量MW	20
风电场	切入风速/(m·s^–1)	3
	切出风速/(m·s^–1)	25
	额定风速/(m·s^–1)	11
	风机叶片半径/m	46
	空气密度/(kg·m^–3)	1.225

Fig.8 Dynamic change of AR with time when three-phase short circuit occurs at f1

Fig.9 Action of protection proposed by A-phase grounding fault

Fig.10 Action of protection proposed by AB two-phase short circuit fault

Table 3 AR value of each fault type in fault zone

故障位置	故障类型	A_R
故障位置	故障类型	A相	B相	C相
区内f₂	AG	450	0	0
	AB	450	450	0
	ABG	450	450	0
	ABC	450	450	450
区内f₃	AG	450	0	0
	AB	450	450	0
	ABG	450	450	0
	ABC	450	450	450

Fig.11 Short-circuit current waveform on both sides delayed by 1.2 ms

Fig.12 Influence of 1.2 ms synchronization error on each phase AR

Fig.13 Dynamic changes of traditional current differential protection under different grounding resistances

Fig.14 Dynamic changes of AR under different grounding resistances

Fig.15 Change of AR with time when new energy station output is 0

Table 4 Protection performance of new energy station under different power outputs

功率输出/MW	故障类型	A_R
功率输出/MW	故障类型	A相	B相	C相
0	AG	225	0	0
	AB	225	225	0
	ABG	225	225	0
	ABC	225	225	225
10	AG	450	0	0
	AB	450	450	0
	ABG	450	450	0
	ABC	450	450	450
20	AG	450	0	0
	AB	450	450	0
	ABG	450	450	0
	ABC	450	450	450

Table 5 Different fault AR values occur in noise environment

故障类型	A_R
故障类型	A相	B相	C相
AG	450	68	32
AB	448	450	62
ABG	450	450	104
ABC	450	446	446

Fig.16 Operating condition of f1 three-phase short-circuit fault outside the protection zone and current transformer saturation

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