Virtual Synchronous Control Frequency Regulation Strategy for Adjustable Self-standby Rate in Photovoltaic Plants

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305054

Abstract

Abstract:

The photovoltaic plants controlled by self-standby can provide frequency regulation capability for the power grid. But the existing self-standby control is difficult to evaluate the maximum power and and the economy is required to be quantified. Additionally, it can not provide virtual inertia. The effect of frequency regulation response of photovoltaic plants needs to be improved. To address this problem, this paper proposes a virtual synchronous FR control strategy for PV power plants with adjustable self-standby. Firstly, based on the P-V operation characteristics of PV, a PV maximum power estimation strategy is proposed, as well as a variable step voltage control strategy to achieve PV self-standby control. Second, based on the virtual synchronous generator control strategy and the photovoltaic plant architecture, the frequency feedback control loop is introduced. And the photovoltaic self-standby adjustable control strategy is proposed, supporting the frequency stability of the power grid in the form of virtual inertia. In addition, energy storages connected in parallel on the DC side of the photovoltaic ensure the stability of the DC bus voltage during the dynamic adjustment of the photovoltaic operating point with the self-backup rate. The influence of the error of the maximum power estimation algorithm on the virtual synchronous frequency control strategy is further analyzed. And the influence of the change of virtual synchronous control parameters on the frequency modulation effect is discussed. Finally, Simulink simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and provide theoretical support for the grid-connected regulation of PV.

Key words: photovoltaic power plants, maximum power estimation, self-standby, virtual synchronous control, frequency regulation

Jiangfeng ZHANG, Song KE, Wenjin CHEN, Tianyu WANG, Keke ZHENG, Jun YANG. Virtual Synchronous Control Frequency Regulation Strategy for Adjustable Self-standby Rate in Photovoltaic Plants[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(11): 108-118.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305054

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V57/I11/108

Figures/Tables 19

Fig.1 Typical I-U and P-U curves for PV arrays

Fig.2 Control flow for variable step perturbation observation method

Fig.3 Control flow for self-standby voltage control strategy

Fig.4 PV plant structure with energy storage coordination

Fig.5 Control strategy of electrochemical energy storage

Fig.6 VSG control strategy for each link simulation

Fig.7 Photovoltaic adjustable self-backup frequency regulation strategy

Fig.8 Relationship between VSG control and Photovoltaic adjustable self-backup control strategy

Table 1 Structure and control parameters of PV station

参数名		取值
光伏阵列电感L_PV/H		0.005
光伏阵列电容C_PV/F		0.01
直流侧电容C_dc/F		0.015
滤波电阻R_f/Ω		0.3
滤波电感L_f/H		0.0008
滤波电容C_f/F		0.0001
虚拟惯量J		1
虚拟阻尼D		20
无功-电压下垂系数k_v		500
励磁调节系数k_q		0.5
VSG额定电压U_n/V		311
直流母线电压U_dc/V		740
光照强度I_r/(W·m^–2)		1000
VSG有功功率指令P_vsg/kW		100
VSG无功功率指令/(kV·A)		25
等效下垂自备用系数k_r		1

Fig.9 Photovoltaic standby rate and its demands in case 1

Fig.10 Photovoltaic output power and estimated maximum power in case 1

Fig.11 Frequency of islanded microgrid in case 2

Fig.12 Photovoltaic standby rate and its demands in case 2

Fig.13 Photovoltaic output power and estimated maximum power in case 2

Fig.14 DC side of PV station in case 2

Fig.15 Photovoltaic energy storage VSG output power and its demand in case 2

Fig.16 Photovoltaic standby rate demands in case 2 when J and D change

Fig.17 Photovoltaic output power in case 2 when J and D change

Fig.18 Frequency of islanded microgrid in case 2 when J and D change

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