基于动态可调电阻的变压器励磁涌流抑制方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503084

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

变压器轻载或空载合闸时，铁芯磁通饱和导致的励磁涌流容易引发差动保护误动作、电网电压暂降等问题，严重威胁电力系统安全运行。分析了变压器励磁涌流的产生机理，提出基于动态可调电阻的变压器励磁涌流抑制方法。通过控制接入分压回路的可调电阻的大小，使得变压器一次侧电压平滑上升，避免了因电压快速上升、铁芯磁通饱和而出现的励磁涌流，有效地减缓了变压器轻载或空载情况下合闸产生较大励磁涌流的问题。

关键词: 励磁涌流, 动态可调电阻, 变压器

Abstract:

When the transformer is closed under light load or no load, the magnetizing inrush current caused by the saturation of the core magnetic flux can easily differential protection maloperation, transient voltage dip and other issues, which seriously threatens the safe operation of the power system. The generation mechanism of transformer magnetizing inrush current is analyzed and a transformer magnetizing inrush current suppression method based on dynamic adjustable resistance is proposed. By controlling the size of the adjustable resistance connected to the voltage division circuit, the on the primary side of the transformer is smoothly increased, avoiding the magnetizing inrush current caused by the rapid rise of voltage and the saturation of the core magnetic flux. This alleviates the problem of large magnetizing inrush current generated when the transformer is closed under light load or no load.

Key words: magnetizing inrush current, dynamic adjustable resistors, transformers

宋玉洁, 李振兴. 基于动态可调电阻的变压器励磁涌流抑制方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(12): 147-154.

SONG Yujie, LI Zhenxing. Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Suppression Method Based on Dynamically Adjustable Resistors[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(12): 147-154.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503084

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I12/147

图/表 8

图 1 变压器空载合闸等效电路

Fig.1 Transformer no-load closing equivalent circuit

图 2 单相动态可调电阻模型结构

Fig.2 Single-phase dynamic adjustable resistor model structure

图 3 触发角与时间关系

Fig.3 Relationship between trigger angle and time

图 4 差动保护原理

Fig.4 Differential protection principle

图 5 不同合闸角下励磁涌流峰值趋势

Fig.5 Peak value trend of inrush current under different closing angles

表 1 不同联结组号时变压器励磁涌流

Table 1 Transformer excitation inrush currents for different link group numbers

变压器联结组号	励磁涌流峰值/kA	涌流抑制率/%
Yyn	0.061	97.1
Ynd11	0.076	96.3
Yd11	0.041	98.0

图 6 不同剩磁下励磁涌流峰值趋势

Fig.6 Peak trend of inrush current under different remanence

图 7 变压器不同联结方式下励磁涌流峰值趋势

Fig.7 Peak value trend of inrush current under different connection modes of transformer

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