含高比例户用光伏的低压配电网协调控制方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410039

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着户用光伏渗透率的不断提高，低压配电网的电压调节问题日益受到关注。针对不同时间尺度的电压调节需求，提出一种含高比例户用光伏的低压配电网协调控制方法。首先，以网络损耗和电压偏差最小为目标，建立日前-日内集中优化控制模型，求解电压调节资源的运行指令。然后，将户用光伏优化结果应用于实时控制阶段，改进了户用光伏自适应控制策略，根据节点电压量测值动态调节输出功率。最后，对21节点低压配电网算例进行仿真分析，结果表明：所提方法能够显著改善网络损耗和电压分布，并且有效抑制电压越限，保障了低压配电网安全稳定运行。

关键词: 户用光伏, 低压配电网, 电压调节, 集中优化控制, 自适应控制

Abstract:

With the continuous increase in the penetration rate of residential photovoltaic (PV), voltage regulation in low-voltage (LV) distribution networks has attracted growing attention. To address the voltage regulation requirements across different time scales, a coordinated control method for LV distribution networks with high-penetration residential PV is proposed. First, aiming at minimizing network losses and voltage deviation, a day-ahead and intra-day centralized optimization control model is established to determine the operational setpoints for voltage regulation resources. Then, the optimized results for residential PV systems are applied in the real-time control stage, and an adaptive control strategy for residential PV is improved to dynamically adjust the output power based on node voltage measurements. Finally, simulation analysis on a 21-node LV distribution network demonstrates that the proposed method significantly improves network losses and voltage profiles, effectively suppresses voltage violations, and ensures the secure and stable operation of the distribution network.

Key words: residential photovoltaic, low-voltage distribution network, voltage regulation, centralized optimization control, adaptive control

廖家齐, 于若英, 叶荣波, 熊俊杰, 夏俊荣. 含高比例户用光伏的低压配电网协调控制方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(10): 110-120, 135.

LIAO Jiaqi, YU Ruoying, YE Rongbo, XIONG Junjie, XIA Junrong. Coordinated Control Method for Low-Voltage Distribution Networks with High-Penetration Residential Photovoltaic[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(10): 110-120, 135.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410039

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I10/110

图/表 12

图 1 低压配电网户用光伏多时间尺度运行控制框架

Fig.1 Multi-time scale operation control framework for residential PV in low-voltage distribution network

图 2 改进户用光伏电压-无功曲线

Fig.2 Improved voltage-reactive power control curves of residential PV

图 3 21节点低压配电网拓扑

Fig.3 Topology of 21-node low-voltage distribution network

表 1 户用光伏装机与可调类型数据

Table 1 Residential PV installed capacity and adjustable-type data

节点号	额定发电功率/kW	额定装机容量/(kV·A)	无功功率可调	有功功率可调	有功功率调节比例
4	24	25.3	√	×
8	25	26.3	√	√	0.4
10	25	26.3	√	×
11	18	18.9	√	√	0.4
12	30	31.6	√	×
13	18	18.9	√	×
16	30	31.6	√	√	0.2
17	18	18.9	√	×
20	25	26.3	√	√	0.2

图 4 24 h光伏与负荷功率曲线

Fig.4 24-hour PV and load power curve

图 5 节点18无控制模式与COC模式的电压变化曲线

Fig.5 Voltage variation curves for node 18 in uncontrolled mode and COC mode

图 6 节点18 COC模式与CSDC模式的电压变化（5%预测误差）

Fig.6 Voltage variation curves for node 18 in COC mode and CSDC mode with 5% prediction error

图 7 节点18 COC模式与CSDC模式的电压变化(10%预测误差)

Fig.7 Voltage variation curves for node 18 in COC mode and CSDC mode with 10% prediction error

图 8 节点18 SLC模式与CSDC模式的电压变化(10%预测误差)

Fig.8 Voltage variation curves for node 18 in SLC mode and CSDC mode with 10% prediction error

图 9 节点18 VSLC模式与CSDC模式的电压变化(10%预测误差)

Fig.9 Voltage variation curves for node 18 in VSLC mode and CSDC mode with 10% prediction error

图 10 CSDC模式在10%预测误差下低压配电网节点电压变化

Fig.10 Voltage variation curves for all nodes of low-voltage distribution network in CSDC mode with 10% prediction error

表 2 不同控制模式下台区电网运行网损

Table 2 Power loss of low voltage network under different control modes

控制模式	网络损耗/(kW·h)
控制模式	5%误差	10%误差
无控制	108.6	109.2
COC	121.4	121.8
SLC	156.7	157.4
VSLC	160.1	159.2
CSDC	129.7	129.6

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