Distributed Model Predictive Frequency Control of Interconnected Power Systems Considering Demand Response

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408081

Abstract

Abstract:

The new type of power system is facing the problem of increasing risk of frequency instability due to reduced inertia and decreased frequency regulation capacity. As a flexible frequency regulation technology, demand response (DR) has become an important means to solve the frequency instability of power systems. Firstly, a frequency stability analysis and load frequency control (LFC) model for demand-side resources participating in frequency regulation of interconnected power systems are established. Secondly, a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) algorithm for demand-side resources participating in frequency regulation of interconnected power systems is designed. The prediction model of DMPC controlling DR to participate in frequency regulation of interconnected power systems is derived, and then the frequency regulation controller of DMPC for interconnected power systems is designed. Finally, the impact of automatic generation control mode, DR mode, DR capacity and DR communication delay on system frequency stability is analyzed through simulation. Simulation examples show that the designed frequency regulation controller has good frequency regulation performance and DR can enhance the system’s frequency transient stability.

Key words: demand response, load frequency control model, distributed model predictive control, interconnected power system

ZHANG Bohang, QI Jun, XIE Luyao, ZHANG Youbing, ZHANG Boyang. Distributed Model Predictive Frequency Control of Interconnected Power Systems Considering Demand Response[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(7): 105-114.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408081

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I7/105

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 LFC model of DR participating in primary frequency regulation of interconnected power systems

Fig.2 LFC model of DR participating secondary frequency regulation of interconnected power systems

Fig.3 Structure of the MPC system

Fig.4 Structure of the DMPC frequency regulation control system

Fig.5 Flow chart of the DMPC frequency regulation controller

Fig.6 Structure of a three-area interconnected power system

Fig.7 Simulation result of frequency regulation by different automatic generation controllers

Fig.8 Simulation result of frequency regulation in area 1

Fig.9 Simulation result of frequency regulation in area 2

Fig.10 Simulation result of frequency regulation in area 3

Fig.11 Simulation result under different DR frequency regulation coefficients

Fig.12 Simulation result under different proportions of active power output between generator units and DR

Fig.13 Simulation result when the DR communication delays are 0 and 0.02 seconds

Fig.14 Simulation result when the DR communication delays are 0.03 seconds and 0.10 seconds

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