Multi-dimensional Value Assessment and Attribution Analysis of Electrochemical Energy Storage for Multi-service Coupling

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202507004

Abstract

Abstract:

Driven by the "dual-carbon" goals, electrochemical energy storage (EES) has emerged as an indispensable flexibility resource in new-type power systems due to its high efficiency and operational flexibility. However, no systematic and interpretable framework is in place to comprehensively quantify the multidimensional values of EES across multiple coupled services and to identify the underlying drivers of value formation. Therefore, this paper proposes an integrated framework for multidimensional value and attribution analysis of EES under multi-service coupling scenarios. Firstly, a multidimensional value indicator system covering economic, technological, and environmental aspects is established to systematically reflect the comprehensive contribution of energy storage in multiple services such as peak shaving and frequency regulation. Furthermore, based on the random forest model, the nonlinear driving relationship between system operational characteristics and energy storage value is identified, revealing the value formation mechanism under complex operational conditions. The case study results demonstrate that energy storage providing multi-service coupling can increase system inertia by 46.09%, improve the minimum frequency by 0.21 Hz, reduce carbon emission intensity by 18.9%, and exhibit significant synergistic effects across multiple value dimensions. The proposed method offers a mechanism-driven and interpretable quantitative basis for value mining, functional positioning, and configuration optimization of energy storage, supporting the strategic goals of enhancing flexibility and promoting low-carbon transition in new-type power systems.

Key words: electrochemical energy storage, multi-dimensional value assessment, multi-service coupling, attribution analysis

WU Bingqing, YUE Hao, GUAN Haowen, MENG Zijian, SHAN Tihua, YANG Linyan, WU Zhaoyuan. Multi-dimensional Value Assessment and Attribution Analysis of Electrochemical Energy Storage for Multi-service Coupling[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(12): 199-210.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202507004

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I12/199

Figures/Tables 11

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系统价值维度	系统价值量化指标	对应的运行指标
经济价值$ {V}_{1} $	经济指标$ {V}_{11} $	度电成本$ {C}_{\rm ave} $
技术价值$ {V}_{2} $	充裕性概率指标$ {V}_{21} $	失负荷概率$ {P}_{\rm LOL} $
	充裕性期望指标$ {V}_{22} $	电量不足期望$ {E}_{\rm ENS} $
	运行惯量指标$ {V}_{23} $	最小运行惯量极值$ {H}_{\rm sys,min} $
	频率安全指标$ {V}_{24} $	最低点频率极值$ {f}_{\rm nadir,min} $
	新能源消纳指标$ {V}_{25} $	新能源消纳率$ {R}_{\rm REC} $
环境价值$ {V}_{3} $	碳排放指标$ {V}_{31} $	碳排放强度$ {S}_{ \rm carb} $

系统价值维度	系统价值量化指标	对应的运行指标
经济价值$ {V}_{1} $	经济指标$ {V}_{11} $	度电成本$ {C}_{\rm ave} $
技术价值$ {V}_{2} $	充裕性概率指标$ {V}_{21} $	失负荷概率$ {P}_{\rm LOL} $
	充裕性期望指标$ {V}_{22} $	电量不足期望$ {E}_{\rm ENS} $
	运行惯量指标$ {V}_{23} $	最小运行惯量极值$ {H}_{\rm sys,min} $
	频率安全指标$ {V}_{24} $	最低点频率极值$ {f}_{\rm nadir,min} $
	新能源消纳指标$ {V}_{25} $	新能源消纳率$ {R}_{\rm REC} $
环境价值$ {V}_{3} $	碳排放指标$ {V}_{31} $	碳排放强度$ {S}_{ \rm carb} $

系统需求指标	指标定义	指标表征因素	指标计算方法
电能量需求$ {D}_{1} $	系统一年中对于电能量的最大需求水平	系统对全部资源发电能力的最大需求	为年峰值负荷
灵活爬坡需求$ {D}_{2} $	系统全年净负荷变化值与变化时间的乘积之和	系统净负荷变化速率的综合情况，也反映了系统对于灵活调节资源调节速率的综合需求	为净负荷变化量与时间乘积的绝对值之和
能源转型需求$ {D}_{3} $	系统电源结构中新能源装机规模占比	为实现低碳转型，电力系统需要实现的电源结构转型情况	为新能源装机规模占系统总装机规模的比例
新能源配比需求$ {D}_{4} $	系统新能源装机中风力发电规模占比	受地理、气象、政策等环境的制约，系统在投资建设过程中不同类型新能源需要保持的比例	为风电装机规模占系统新能源装机总规模的比例
频率支撑需求$ {D}_{5} $	电化学储能配置前系统最低点频率限值与实际值的差值	为保证系统动态频率安全，需要提升的频率支撑能力的水平	为系统允许的最低点频率和电化学储能配置前的最低点频率极值之差
新能源消纳需求$ {D}_{6} $	系统新能源消纳需要实现的最小水平	在能源低碳转型过程中，对于系统充分利用新能源发电的能力要求	为新能源消纳率要求值
储能时长需求$ {D}_{7} $	系统对于所配置的电化学储能时长需求	为提供多元耦合服务，系统需要电化学储能容量与功率间关系所实现的水平	为待配置的电化学储能时长
碳减排需求$ {D}_{8} $	系统对于二氧化碳排放的惩罚力度	系统对于减碳需求的迫切程度	为二氧化碳排放价格

系统需求指标	指标定义	指标表征因素	指标计算方法
电能量需求$ {D}_{1} $	系统一年中对于电能量的最大需求水平	系统对全部资源发电能力的最大需求	为年峰值负荷
灵活爬坡需求$ {D}_{2} $	系统全年净负荷变化值与变化时间的乘积之和	系统净负荷变化速率的综合情况，也反映了系统对于灵活调节资源调节速率的综合需求	为净负荷变化量与时间乘积的绝对值之和
能源转型需求$ {D}_{3} $	系统电源结构中新能源装机规模占比	为实现低碳转型，电力系统需要实现的电源结构转型情况	为新能源装机规模占系统总装机规模的比例
新能源配比需求$ {D}_{4} $	系统新能源装机中风力发电规模占比	受地理、气象、政策等环境的制约，系统在投资建设过程中不同类型新能源需要保持的比例	为风电装机规模占系统新能源装机总规模的比例
频率支撑需求$ {D}_{5} $	电化学储能配置前系统最低点频率限值与实际值的差值	为保证系统动态频率安全，需要提升的频率支撑能力的水平	为系统允许的最低点频率和电化学储能配置前的最低点频率极值之差
新能源消纳需求$ {D}_{6} $	系统新能源消纳需要实现的最小水平	在能源低碳转型过程中，对于系统充分利用新能源发电的能力要求	为新能源消纳率要求值
储能时长需求$ {D}_{7} $	系统对于所配置的电化学储能时长需求	为提供多元耦合服务，系统需要电化学储能容量与功率间关系所实现的水平	为待配置的电化学储能时长
碳减排需求$ {D}_{8} $	系统对于二氧化碳排放的惩罚力度	系统对于减碳需求的迫切程度	为二氧化碳排放价格

参数	取值	参数	取值
单位容量成本/($ {10}^{5} $美元·(MW·h)^–1)	2	充放电效率	0.95
单位功率成本/($ {10}^{5} $美元·MW^–1)	2.5	储能虚拟惯性时间常数/s	8
单位维护成本/(美元·(MW·h)^–1)	20	快速频率响应调用概率	0.6
单位更换成本/($ {10}^{5} $美元·(MW·h)^–1)	3	虚拟惯量支撑调用概率	0.4
容量配置范围/(MW·h)	[20, 300]	额定功率/MW	100