Abstract:

In the pursuit of the dual carbon goals, electricity is accounting for a growing share in final energy consumption. Fairly assigning carbon responsibilities to end-users and incentivizing their participation in emission reduction are crucial for the low-carbon transition of power systems. To address the issues of regional inequity and insufficient incentives for demand response in carbon responsibility accounting on the user side of the power system, this paper proposes a user-side dynamic carbon responsibility accounting method incorporating marginal carbon emissions and demand response. The method introduces the concept of marginal carbon emission intensity and establishes a bilevel optimization model. The upper-level model optimizes electricity consumption behavior via a user demand response model, while the lower-level model determines the system carbon emissions based on an operator pre-dispatch model. The solution is achieved using the iterative decomposition and coordination method. Case study results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively and dynamically accounts for carbon responsibility on the user side, and using marginal carbon emission intensity as an incentive signal yields superior emission reduction outcomes. This approach provides a fair accounting basis for fulfilling user-side carbon responsibilities and allocating carbon quotas, thereby promoting coordinated carbon reduction across both generation and consumption sides.

Key words: regional equity, demand response, user-side carbon responsibility, marginal carbon emission intensity, bilevel optimization model