Capacity Allocation and Operation Optimization Model of Household Photovoltaic-Storage System Based on MPC

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404034

Abstract

Abstract:

Distributed photovoltaic (PV) is crucial to meeting the "double carbon" objective and establishing new power system with new energy sources as the main body. This research examines home PV-storage system construction and operation under the present stepped-peak-valley tariff system. Firstly, the household PV-energy storage system structure and tariff system are introduced. Secondly, the optimal capacity allocation model of PV and storage is established to minimize the investment cost and annual operation and maintenance cost of the household PV-storage system. Then, and a two-layer rolling optimization operation algorithm based on model predictive control is proposed considering the stepped-peak-valley tariff's effect on users' long-term energy use strategy. Among them, the upper model maximizes annual integrated return using a stepwise tariff-based annual rolling optimization, and the lower model is a daily rolling optimization based on a peak-valley tariff with the objective of minimizing daily operating costs. In the lower model, the operation scheme of PV-energy storage is based on the optimization results of the upper model, corrects the system state deviation caused by uncertainty factors. Finally, the algorithm's simulation findings suggest that it can delay high electricity tariff utilization and increase residential customer revenue.

Key words: household photovoltaic-energy storage system, stepped-peak-valley tariff system, capacity allocation, model predictive control, operation optimization

Guomin QI, Tianye LI, Hong YU, Bolun LU, Baozhong MA, Wenxin ZHANG, Entong WU, Xianyao XIAO. Capacity Allocation and Operation Optimization Model of Household Photovoltaic-Storage System Based on MPC[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(1): 185-195.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404034

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I1/185

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References 26

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分档	当年用电量/(kW·h)	电价/(元·(kW·h)^–1)
一级电价	0~3120	峰：0.617；谷：0.307
二级单价	3120~4800	峰：0.677；谷：0.337
三级电价	4800以上	峰：0.987；谷：0.667

分档	当年用电量/(kW·h)	电价/(元·(kW·h)^–1)
一级电价	0~3120	峰：0.617；谷：0.307
二级单价	3120~4800	峰：0.677；谷：0.337
三级电价	4800以上	峰：0.987；谷：0.667

地区	光伏资源分区	光伏指导价/ (元·(kW·h)^–1)	燃煤基准价/ (元·(kW·h)^–1)
北京	Ⅱ	0.3582	0.3589
上海	Ⅲ	0.4146	0.4155
宁夏	Ⅰ	0.2584	0.2595
广东	Ⅲ	0.4529	0.4530

地区	光伏资源分区	光伏指导价/ (元·(kW·h)^–1)	燃煤基准价/ (元·(kW·h)^–1)
北京	Ⅱ	0.3582	0.3589
上海	Ⅲ	0.4146	0.4155
宁夏	Ⅰ	0.2584	0.2595
广东	Ⅲ	0.4529	0.4530

设备	投资成本	运维成本
光伏	4000 元/kW	0.3 元/kW
锂电池	1250 元/(kW·h)	100 元/(kW·年)
铅酸电池	800 元/(kW·h)	90 元/(kW·年)