Comparison of Grid-Forming Control Solutions for Offshore Wind Farms Connected with Diode Rectifier-Based High Voltage DC Transmission

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404024

Abstract

Abstract:

For offshore wind power transmission systems based on diode rectifier-based DC transmission, the voltage and frequency support of the offshore AC grid based on the grid-forming control of offshore wind turbines has become a key issue. For the currently most studied Q/f droop-based grid-forming control (GFM) scheme and the newly emerged P/f droop-based GFM control scheme, a detailed analysis of the multi-machine power coupling characteristics and the stability aspects of the two schemes is carried out. The analysis of the control mechanism reveals that the Q/f droop-based GFM control scheme has coupling characteristics between active and reactive power control path, while the P/f droop-based GFM control scheme has a natural power decoupling characteristic. Detailed analysis based on the small signal model shows that the power control coupling characteristics of the Q/f droop-based GFM control scheme may lead to power oscillation problems between multiple machines. And the P/f droop-based GFM control scheme has a natural decoupling characteristic and has better stability robustness under different load conditions, making it more conducive to achieving the synchronous and stable operation of hundreds of wind turbines in offshore high-capacity wind farms.

Key words: offshore windfarm, diode rectifier, DC transmission, grid-forming control, system stability

CHEN Maoxin, WANG Kailun, SHEN Yu, ZENG Zhensong, LIN Xuegen, SONG Qiang. Comparison of Grid-Forming Control Solutions for Offshore Wind Farms Connected with Diode Rectifier-Based High Voltage DC Transmission[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(5): 166-175.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404024

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I5/166

Figures/Tables 15

References 23

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参数	数值	参数	数值
风电场1额定功率/MW	600	二极管直流平波电抗/mH	120
风电场2额定功率/MW	300	R_dc/Ω	1.5
风电场3额定功率/MW	100	L_dc/mH	80
滤波电抗(p.u.)	0.008+j0.2	C_a1/μF	36
滤波电容(p.u.)	0.05	C_a2/mF	1.3
变压器漏抗(p.u.)	0.004+j0.1	L_a1/mH	2
集电海缆等值电阻、电感、电容（相对于各风电场基值）(p.u.)	0.0015 , 0.005 , 0.02	L_a2/μH	54.7
二极管直流额定功率/MW	1000	R_a1/Ω	3.28
二极管直流额定直流电压/kV	±250	C_b1/μF	36
整流变压器变比/kV	66/190	L_b1/mH	0.49
二极管变压器漏抗(p.u.)	0.16	R_b1/Ω	59

参数	数值	参数	数值
风电场1额定功率/MW	600	二极管直流平波电抗/mH	120
风电场2额定功率/MW	300	R_dc/Ω	1.5
风电场3额定功率/MW	100	L_dc/mH	80
滤波电抗(p.u.)	0.008+j0.2	C_a1/μF	36
滤波电容(p.u.)	0.05	C_a2/mF	1.3
变压器漏抗(p.u.)	0.004+j0.1	L_a1/mH	2
集电海缆等值电阻、电感、电容（相对于各风电场基值）(p.u.)	0.0015 , 0.005 , 0.02	L_a2/μH	54.7
二极管直流额定功率/MW	1000	R_a1/Ω	3.28
二极管直流额定直流电压/kV	±250	C_b1/μF	36
整流变压器变比/kV	66/190	L_b1/mH	0.49
二极管变压器漏抗(p.u.)	0.16	R_b1/Ω	59

参数		数值
k_q, k_pp, k_pi（Q/f方案）		0.005, 1, 5
k_p, k_q（P/f方案）		0.05, 0.03
功率测量滤波器时间常数/ms		10
k_p.u., k_iu（电压环PI参数）		0.8, 0
k_pi, k_ii（电流环PI参数）		1.6, 20
PLL比例增益（海上频率测量）		1.15
站间通信延时/ms		50
k_fi（MMC频率-功率环）		150
k_pp, k_pi（MMC功率-电压环）		1, 10

参数		数值
k_q, k_pp, k_pi（Q/f方案）		0.005, 1, 5
k_p, k_q（P/f方案）		0.05, 0.03
功率测量滤波器时间常数/ms		10
k_p.u., k_iu（电压环PI参数）		0.8, 0
k_pi, k_ii（电流环PI参数）		1.6, 20
PLL比例增益（海上频率测量）		1.15
站间通信延时/ms		50
k_fi（MMC频率-功率环）		150
k_pp, k_pi（MMC功率-电压环）		1, 10

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