考虑频率和电压支撑强度的水风光综合基地直流外送能力评估

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202507002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大型水风光综合基地具有“源多-弱网-荷少”的基本特征，其大规模清洁能源经直流外送的能力与系统安全稳定紧密耦合。针对高比例新能源接入导致水风光综合基地频率、电压支撑能力弱化的难题，构建了一种计及频率和电压支撑强度的水风光综合基地直流外送能力评估模型。首先，在分析水风光综合基地直流外送能力限制因素的基础上，构建协同评估框架；然后，融合流域梯级水电水力-电力时空约束特性及水风光多能互补特性，建立以外送功率最大化为目标的直流外送能力评估模型。最后，通过量化系统频率响应能力及新能源多场站短路比，构建涵盖频率和电压支撑强度需求的安全约束体系，并采用二阶锥重构技术高效处理非线性频率约束，形成兼顾多能互补特性与系统安全强度的直流外送能力评估方法。基于改进的IEEE算例测试系统开展多场景仿真对比，验证了所提模型的有效性。

关键词: 直流输电, 水风光综合基地, 流域水电耦合, 最大输电能力, 频率电压耦合

Abstract:

Large-scale hydro-wind-solar integrated power bases exhibit the fundamental characteristics of multi-energy sources, weak grid structure, and limited local loads. Thus the transmission export capability of its large-scale clean energy through HVDC connection is severely subject to system security and stability. With regards to the issue of frequency/voltage support capabilities weakened by high penetration of renewable energy, this paper develops an HVDC transmission capability evaluation model incorporating frequency and voltage support strength. Firstly, a coordinated assessment framework is established based on the analysis of the constraints limiting HVDC transmission capabilities. Next, by integrating spatio-temporal hydraulic-electric constraints of river basin cascade hydropower generation and considering complementary operation of hydro-wind-PV energy resources, a transmission capacity optimization model with the objective of maximizing delivery power is formulated via mixed-integer second-order cone programming method. Finally, security constraint frameworks covering frequency/voltage support requirements are constructed by quantifying system frequency response capability and short-circuit ratios of multiple renewable plants. Furthermore, by taking advantage of second-order cone reconstruction techniques to efficiently process nonlinear frequency constraints, a transmission capacity evaluation methodology is then formulated which balances the multi-energy complementarity and system security requirements. Case studies on modified IEEE benchmark systems are conducted to validate the model's effectiveness through multi-scenario simulations.

Key words: HVDC transmission, hydro-wind-solar hybrid power base, cascade hydropower coupling, maximum transmission capability, frequency-voltage coupling

王潇笛, 张琳, 苏韵掣, 毕淑雅, 刘方, 文云峰. 考虑频率和电压支撑强度的水风光综合基地直流外送能力评估[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(4): 47-58.

WANG Xiaodi, ZHANG Lin, SU Yunche, BI Shuya, LIU Fang, WEN Yunfeng. Evaluation of HVDC transmission capability for hydro-wind-solar hybrid power bases considering frequency and voltage support strength[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(4): 47-58.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202507002

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V59/I4/47

图/表 14

图 1 水风光综合基地直流外送系统

Fig.1 HVDC delivery system for hydro-wind-solar hybrid power bases

图 2 水风光综合基地直流外送能力研究框架

Fig.2 Research framework for HVDC transmission capability of hydro-wind-solar integrated bases

图 3 改进后的IEEE RTS-79系统

Fig.3 Modified IEEE RTS-79 system

图 4 新能源出力预测曲线

Fig.4 Forecasted power generation curve for renewable energy sources

表 1 水风光综合基地各类电源装机容量

Table 1 Installed capacity by source types in hydro-wind-solar hybrid power base

电源类型	装机数量/台	装机总容量/MW
水电	32	5050
风电	3	1050
光伏	2	700

图 5 第1回直流外送功率对比曲线

Fig.5 Comparative curves of delivery power for HVDC1

图 6 第2回直流外送功率对比曲线

Fig.6 Comparative curves of delivery power for HVDC2

图 7 外送直流总功率对比曲线

Fig.7 Comparative curves of aggregate delivery power

图 8 常规模型水电机组开机数分布

Fig.8 Distribution of committed hydropower units in conventional model

图 9 频率-电压耦合模型水电机组开机数分布

Fig.9 Distribution of committed hydropower units in frequency-voltage coupling model

图 10 相同功率扰动下两种模型系统惯量对比

Fig.10 System inertia comparison of two models subject to identical power disturbance

图 11 相同功率扰动下两种模型RoCoF对比

Fig.11 RoCoF comparison of two models under identical power disturbance

表 2 相同功率扰动下两种模型最大频率偏差

Table 2 Maximum frequency deviation of two models under identical power disturbance 单位：Hz

时刻	常规模型	频率-电压耦合模型
04:00	0.58	0.30
05:00	0.57	0.30
06:00	0.59	0.24
12:00	1.76	0.32
13:00	1.78	0.32
14:00	1.83	0.32
21:00	1.81	0.27
22:00	1.67	0.32
23:00	1.43	0.23

表 3 24时段新能源节点多场站短路比最值

Table 3 Min-Max range of short-circuit ratio at renewable energy grid-integration nodes over 24-hour period

新能源节点	模型	短路比最大值	短路比最小值
2	1	3.65	0.64
2	2	3.76	3.00
17	1	3.93	0.72
17	2	4.56	3.04
19	1	3.72	0.68
19	2	4.71	3.03
20	1	3.65	0.67
20	2	4.63	3.00
24	1	3.79	0.70
24	2	4.87	3.06

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