基于同态加密的综合能源系统完全分布式低碳经济调度

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对综合能源系统分布式调度过程中的隐私泄露问题，考虑分布式调度节点功率受限特性，提出了一种基于同态加密的完全一致性低碳经济调度方法。首先，对系统中供能单元和用能负载进行功率分析，建立综合经济性和低碳性的能源系统调度模型，引入供需不匹配状态估计变量，提出一种完全分布式一致性低碳经济调度算法。其次，利用同态密码学设计基于同态加密理论的信息交互策略，使节点在不泄露自身隐私数据的前提下与邻居节点安全地交换状态信息。同时同态加密技术允许直接在密文上进行运算，并确保解密后的结果与明文的直接计算结果一致，从而保证了低碳经济调度的准确性。最后，通过数值仿真实验验证了所提调度算法的有效性。

关键词: 综合能源系统, 低碳经济调度, 一致性算法, 同态加密机制, 碳交易机制

Abstract:

To address the privacy leakage problem in the distributed scheduling process of the integrated energy system (IES), a fully consensus low-carbon economic dispatching method based on homomorphic encryption is proposed with consideration of the power-constrained characteristics of the distributed scheduling nodes. Firstly, based on the power analysis of supply units and energy-use loads in the system, a dispatching model of energy system with comprehensive economic and low-carbon performance is established, and a fully-distributed consensus low-carbon economic dispatching algorithm is proposed by introducing the supply-demand mismatch state estimation variables. And then, the homomorphic cryptography is used to design the state exchange strategy to ensure that the nodes safely exchange information with neighbors without disclosing their private data. Also, the homomorphic cryptography technology allows operations to be performed directly on the ciphertext and ensures that the decrypted results are consistent with the direct computation results of the plaintext, thus ensuring the accuracy of the low-carbon economic scheduling. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling algorithm is verified using numerical simulation.

Key words: integrated energy system (IES), low-carbon economic dispatch, consensus algorithm, homomorphic encryption mechanism, carbon trading mechanism

中图分类号:

TM73

胡景成, 范耘豪, 朱同, 陈珍萍. 基于同态加密的综合能源系统完全分布式低碳经济调度[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 164-175.

Jingcheng HU, Yunhao FAN, Tong ZHU, Zhenping CHEN. Distributed Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch for Integrated Energy System Based on Homomorphic Encryption[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(2): 164-175.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404069

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I2/164

图/表 16

图 1 综合能源系统框架

Fig.1 Framework of integrated energy system

图 2 基于同态加密的IES一致调度流程

Fig.2 IES consensus dispatch flow based on homomorphic encryption

表 2 系统供热单元仿真参数设置

Table 2 Parameter settings for heating supply unit simulation

子系统	参数
子系统	$\alpha_{{\rm h},i} $	$\beta_{{\rm h},i} $	$\varphi_{{\rm h},i} $	$\theta_{{\rm h},i} $
1	0.673	6.0	0.599	0.223
2	0.337	6.5	0.526	0.215
3	0.241	6.2	0.561	0.147
4	0.241	3.0	0.502	0.153
5	0.069	3.0	0.582	0.225
6	0.080	5.1	0.554	0.196
7	0.028	2.8	0.550	0.201
8	0.018	5.3	0.573	0.182
9	0.090	3.2	0.511	0.213
10	0.077	4.5	0.551	0.125
11	0.029	5.9	0.569	0.185
12	0.070	5.5	0.548	0.224
13	0.039	3.4	0.560	0.184
14	0.026	5.8	0.558	0.177

图 3 IES通信拓扑

Fig.3 IES communication topology

表 1 系统供电单元仿真参数设置

Table 1 Parameter settings for power supply unit simulation

子系统	参数
子系统	$ \alpha_{{\rm e},i} $	$ \beta_{{\rm e},i} $	$\varphi_{{\rm e},i} $	$ \theta_{{\rm e},i} $
1	0.280	60.0	0.90	0.25
2	0.192	65.0	0.85	0.18
3	0.172	62.0	0.89	0.12
4	0.252	30.0	0.91	0.23
5	0.023	30.0	0.82	0.28
6	0.081	50.0	0.93	0.16
7	0.012	30.0	0.83	0.15
8	0.081	60.0	0.86	0.14
9	0.093	30.0	0.92	0.11
10	0.011	45.0	0.80	0.22
11	0.011	59.0	0.88	0.13
12	0.057	55.0	0.95	0.17
13	0.024	60.0	0.84	0.19
14	0.056	58.0	0.81	0.26

表 3 系统供气单元仿真参数设置

Table 3 Parameter settings for gas supply unit simulation

子系统	参数
子系统	$\alpha_{{\rm g},i} $	$\beta_{{\rm g},i} $	$\varphi_{{\rm g},i} $	$\theta_{{\rm g},i} $
1	0.257	22.6	0.558	0.166
2	0.158	10.5	0.483	0.174
3	0.214	11.2	0.622	0.129
4	0.280	10.8	0.581	0.192
5	0.046	3.6	0.485	0.167
6	0.058	5.1	0.623	0.165
7	0.073	3.3	0.522	0.150
8	0.062	4.2	0.446	0.160
9	0.018	3.1	0.618	0.161
10	0.051	4.5	0.452	0.133
11	0.010	5.9	0.494	0.185
12	0.040	5.5	0.481	0.146
13	0.055	6.2	0.595	0.169
14	0.056	5.8	0.576	0.131

图 4 IES增量成本迭代曲线

Fig.4 Iteration curve for IES increment costs

图 5 IES功率输出迭代曲线

Fig.5 Iteration curve for IES output powers

图 6 IES供需偏差迭代曲线

Fig.6 Iteration curve for IES supply and demand deviation

图 7 IES增量成本迭代曲线($ {u}_{1}=0.5 $）

Fig.7 Iteration curve for IES increment costs ($ {u}_{1}=0.5 $)

图 8 经济成本对比

Fig.8 Economic cost comparison

表 4 算法最优性比对结果

Table 4 Algorithm optimality comparison results

方法	迭代次数
方法	电增量成本	热增量成本	气增量成本
文献[31]	184	183	185
本文	82	81	79

图 9 加密信息

Fig.9 Encrypted message

图 10 解密后的信息数据

Fig.10 Decrypted message data

图 11 解密后数据与原数据的均方误差曲线

Fig.11 MSE between the decrypted data and the original data

表 5 碳交易机制引入对比

Table 5 Comparison of the introduction of carbon trading mechanisms

是否引入碳交易机制	系统碳排放量/kg	碳交易成本/元
否	623.05	63542.82
是	597.15	80188.41

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