基于虚拟振荡器控制的储能变流器控制策略研究

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202308073

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统储能变流器控制方法存在的同步速度较慢、有功功率跟踪效果欠佳的问题，提出了一种基于虚拟振荡器控制的储能变流器控制策略。该策略基于虚拟振荡器控制，采用优化惯性权重和学习因子的改进粒子群算法整定控制器参数，避免了有功和无功功率的测量，具有比传统下垂控制更好的动态响应。最后，针对储能系统中2台并联储能变流器在负荷突变情况下进行了相应控制，仿真结果表明，所提新型控制方法具有更快的同步速度和更好的有功功率跟踪性能。

关键词: 虚拟振荡器控制, 虚拟同步机, 下垂控制, 粒子群优化, 储能变流器

Abstract:

In response to the problems of slow synchronization speed and poor active power tracking effect in traditional control methods of energy storage converters, this paper proposes a control strategy for energy storage converters based on virtual oscillator control. This strategy is based on virtual oscillator control, using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm that optimizes inertia weights and learning factors to tune controller parameters. Avoiding the measurement of active and reactive power, it has better dynamic response than traditional droop control. Finally, corresponding control measures were taken for the two parallel energy converters in the energy storage system under sudden load changes. The simulation results show that the new control method proposed in this paper has faster synchronization speed and better active power tracking performance.

Key words: VOC, VSM, droop control, particle swarm optimization, power conversion system

夏向阳, 蒋戴宇, 曾小勇, 龚芬, 吴小忠, 华夏, 罗彦鹏, 石超. 基于虚拟振荡器控制的储能变流器控制策略研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(11): 70-77.

Xiangyang XIA, Daiyu JIANG, Xiaoyong ZENG, Fen GONG, Xiaozhong WU, Xia HUA, Yanpeng LUO, Chao SHI. Research on Control Strategy of Power Conversion System Based on Virtual Oscillator Control[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(11): 70-77.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202308073

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I11/70

图/表 12

图 1 储能变流器并联结构

Fig.1 Parallel structure of power conversion system

图 2 VOC结构

Fig.2 VOC structure

图 3 死区函数和VDCS的特性

Fig.3 Dead zone function and VDCS characteristic

图 4 VOC-PSO控制流程

Fig.4 VOC-PSO control flow chart

图 5 VOC-PSO的收敛曲线

Fig.5 Convergence curve of VOC-PSO

表 1 PSO参数

Table 1 Parameters of PSO

参数		数值
惯性权重初始值ω_max		0.9
惯性权重结束值ω_min		0.4
C_max		2.5
C_min		0.5
种群大小		20
最大迭代次数		100

图 6 均流效果

Fig.6 Current sharing effect

图 7 PCC电压

Fig.7 PCC voltage

图 8 负载电流

Fig.8 Load current

图 9 负载变化的频率响应

Fig.9 Frequency response to load changes

图 10 有功功率对负载变化的动态响应

Fig.10 Active power's dynamic response to load changes

表 2 Droop、VSM、VOC和VOC-PSO的动态响应

Table 2 Dynamic response of Droop、VSM、VOC and VOC-PSO

控制方式	t_r/ms	t_s/ms	e_ss/%	超调/%
Droop	2.51	4.24	1.65	2.46
VSM	2.49	4.21	1.63	1.36
VOC	0.80	3.41	1.14	15.30
VOC-PSO	0.79	3.45	1.11	15.01

参考文献 22

1	欧名勇, 王逸超, 刘文军, 等. 电网电压不平衡下储能变流器的控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55 (7): 93- 101.
	OU Mingyong, WANG Yichao, LIU Wenjun, et al. Control strategy of power conversion system under unbalanced grid voltage[J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55 (7): 93- 101.
2	岳菁鹏, 张枭, 马凯, 等. 基于三电平拓扑的两级式储能变流器控制策略[J]. 广东电力, 2022, 35 (2): 44- 53.
	YUE Jingpeng, ZHAO Xiao, MA Kai, et al. Control strategy for two-stage energy storage converter based on three-level topology[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2022, 35 (2): 44- 53.
3	李建林, 丁子洋, 刘海涛, 等. 构网型储能变流器及控制策略研究[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43 (5): 679- 686.
	LI Jianlin, DING Ziyang, LIU Haitao, et al. Research on grid-forming energy storage converters and control strategies[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43 (5): 679- 686.
4	许爱东, 黄焘, 魏文潇, 等. 基于储能变流器的微电网稳定控制策略[J]. 南方电网技术, 2015, 9 (4): 29- 34.
	XU Aidong, HUANG Tao, WEI Wenxiao, et al. Microgrid stability control strategy based on converter with energy storage devices[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2015, 9 (4): 29- 34.
5	陈凌彬, 夏向阳, 廖一丁, 等. 考虑多变量协同保护的储能变流器故障穿越策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44 (1): 442- 450.
	CHEN Lingbin, XIA Xiangyang, LIAO Yiding, et al. Fault ride through strategy of power conversion system considering multi-variable cooperative protection[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2023, 44 (1): 442- 450.
6	屠勇, 苏建徽, 杜燕, 等. 基于虚拟振荡器的微网逆变器并联系统分析[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37 (9): 24- 30.
	TU Yong, SU Jianhui, DU Yan, et al. Analysis of microgrid inverter paralleling system based on virtual oscillator[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2017, 37 (9): 24- 30.
7	宋春伟, 郭永洪, 曾正, 等. 共直流母线并网逆变器并联系统运行方式[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2017, 21 (12): 9- 16.
	SONG Chunwei, GUO Yonghong, ZENG Zheng, et al. Operation method for grid-connected inverter parallel system with common DC link[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2017, 21 (12): 9- 16.
8	许胜, 曹武, 赵剑锋. 微网稳定运行与模式平滑切换综合控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33 (16): 3855- 3867.
	XU Sheng, CAO Wu, ZHAO Jianfeng. An integrated control strategy of the stabilization operation and mode smooth transfer for microgrids[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33 (16): 3855- 3867.
9	葛平娟, 肖凡, 涂春鸣, 等. 考虑故障限流的下垂控制型逆变器暂态控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37 (14): 3676- 3687.
	GE Pingjuan, XIAO Fan, TU Chunming, et al. Transient control strategy of droop-controlled inverter considering fault current limitation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37 (14): 3676- 3687.
10	MENG X, LIU J J, LIU Z. A generalized droop control for grid-supporting inverter based on comparison between traditional droop control and virtual synchronous generator control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34 (6): 5416- 5438. DOI
11	支娜, 丁可, 黄庆辉, 等. 一种无需高带宽通信线路的高精度自主均流控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36 (16): 3375- 3385.
	ZHI Na, DING Ke, HUANG Qinghui, et al. An high precision autonomous current sharing control strategy without high bandwidth communication line[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36 (16): 3375- 3385.
12	赵巍, 赵路, 孙孝峰, 等. 下垂控制逆变器阻抗模型研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2019, 40 (8): 2335- 2345.
	ZHAO Wei, ZHAO Lu, SUN Xiaofeng, et al. Research on output impedance model of droop controlled inverter[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2019, 40 (8): 2335- 2345.
13	CHEN Z, PEI X J, YANG M, et al. An adaptive virtual resistor (AVR) control strategy for low-voltage parallel inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34 (1): 863- 876. DOI
14	HOU X C, SUN Y, ZHANG X, et al. Improvement of frequency regulation in VSG-based AC microgrid via adaptive virtual inertia[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35 (2): 1589- 1602. DOI
15	范鎏洋, 马玉梅, 陈仲伟, 等. 计及功率耦合影响的虚拟同步机有功传输特性分析[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版), 2023, 56 (1): 89- 97.
	FAN Liuyang, MA Yumei, CHEN Zhongwei, et al. Analysis of active power transmission characteristics of virtual synchronous generator considering the effect of power coupling[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2023, 56 (1): 89- 97.
16	左兴龙, 柳亦兵, 秦润, 等. 飞轮储能虚拟同步机动态特性及对电力系统频率的改善分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12 (6): 1920- 1927.
	ZUO Xinglong, LIU Yibing, QIN Run, et al. Dynamic characteristics of flywheel energy storage virtual synchronous machine and analysis of power system frequency improvement[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12 (6): 1920- 1927.
17	HOSSAIN M J, RAFI F H M, TOWN G, et al. Multifunctional three-phase four-leg PV-SVSI with dynamic capacity distribution method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018, 14 (6): 2507- 2520. DOI
18	林燎源, 柯全, 李平. 面向逆变器并联的虚拟振荡器控制技术综述[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42 (11): 147- 158.
	LIN Liaoyuan, KE Quan, LI Ping. Review of virtual oscillator control techniques for parallel operation of inverters[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42 (11): 147- 158.
19	JOHNSON B B, DHOPLE S V, HAMADEH A O, et al. Synchronization of nonlinear oscillators in an LTI electrical power network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2014, 61 (3): 834- 844. DOI
20	SINHA M, DÖRFLER F, JOHNSON B B, et al. Uncovering droop control laws embedded within the nonlinear dynamics of van der pol oscillators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, 2017, 4 (2): 347- 358. DOI
21	罗龙, 李耀华, 李子欣, 等. 基于范德波尔振荡器和PQ控制的微电网并离网协调控制策略[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2023, 43 (1): 130- 139.
	LUO Long, LI Yaohua, LI Zixin, et al. On-grid and off-grid coordinated control strategy of microgrid based on Van der Pol oscillator and PQ control[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2023, 43 (1): 130- 139.
22	徐岩, 靳伟佳, 朱晓荣. 基于遗传粒子群算法的光伏并网逆变器参数辨识[J]. 太阳能学报, 2021, 42 (7): 103- 109.
	XU Yan, JIN Weijia, ZHU Xiaorong. Parameter identification of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on gapso[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2021, 42 (7): 103- 109.

[1]	吴云锐, 张建坡, 田新成, 应恺锋, 陈忠. 计及频率适应和快速稳定特性的多端直流电网改进协调控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(3): 31-42.
[2]	刘雨姗, 陈俊儒, 常喜强, 刘牧阳. 构网型储能变流器并网性能的多层级评价指标体系及应用[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(3): 193-203.
[3]	赵静波, 李文博, 朱鑫要, 孙庆斌, 郝全睿. 海上风电经柔直送出系统受端扰动自适应控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(1): 26-38.
[4]	么钟然, 孙丽颖. 考虑线路阻抗的分布式储能SOC均衡控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(9): 238-246.
[5]	王雪, 刘林, 刘文迪, 翟延鹏, 杨苓, 许方园, 高岩, 张纪欣. 基于纵横交叉算法的新型电力系统惯量延迟优化控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 12-20.
[6]	彭昊, 罗正经, 夏向阳, 曾刚, 欧宇健, 陈贵全, 王继军, 刘立洪. 储能系统多电池簇健康状态均衡控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 45-52.
[7]	张静忠, 蒙飞, 孙阳, 于慧霞. 考虑有功不确定性的配电网新能源无功优化控制[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(3): 51-59.
[8]	李世龙, 李龙江, 刘欣博, 张华. 一种增强稳定性的储能变流器线性自抗扰控制参数整定方法[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(10): 25-35.
[9]	穆怀天, 廉洪亮, 刘娟, 李艳琼. 基于数据物理融合驱动配电网三相线性化潮流及线损分析应用[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(10): 46-56.
[10]	董福贵, 夏美娟, 李婉莹. 基于PSO-GWO的省级能耗强度预测与碳减排潜力估算[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(9): 226-234.
[11]	王激华, 叶夏明, 秦如意, 应芳义, 俞佳捷. 基于指数型下垂控制的氢电混合储能微网协调控制策略研究[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(7): 43-53.
[12]	孙佳航, 王小华, 黄景光, 曹豪, 梅诺男, 李浙栋. 基于MPC-VSG的孤岛微电网频率和电压动态稳定控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(6): 51-60,81.
[13]	周文俊, 曹毅, 李杰, 金涛, 陈文剑, 周霞. 考虑风电场调控裕度的风火打捆直流外送系统无功电压紧急控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(4): 77-87.
[14]	林金娇, 孔祥平, 王楚扬, 张秋玥, 郑俊超, 张犁. 适用于柔性直流的辅助功率补偿下垂控制[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(4): 119-129.
[15]	陈子含, 滕伟, 胥学峰, 丁显, 柳亦兵. 基于图卷积网络和风速差分拟合的中长期风功率预测[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(10): 96-105.