中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 45-55.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202406076
• 基于数据驱动的电力系统安全稳定分析与控制 • 上一篇 下一篇
张婕1(
), 花宇飞2(), 王晨3()
收稿日期:2024-06-20
发布日期:2025-06-30
出版日期:2025-06-28
作者简介:
ZHANG Jie1(), HUA Yufei2(), WANG Chen3()
Received:2024-06-20
Online:2025-06-30
Published:2025-06-28
摘要：
需求响应背景下，如果允许负荷聚合商之间共享需求侧调节响应能力，由单位调节成本较高者向较低者购买调节服务，则成本较低者能够增加共享服务收入、较高者能够减少需求侧调节成本，实现双赢。因此，提出一种需求侧调节响应能力共享模式。首先，评估负荷聚合商的需求侧调节成本，包括负荷调节成本和储能调节成本。然后，建立不合作状态下的需求响应优化模型，预估响应情况、奖励收入以及闲置调节能力。由于共享的本质是调节成本再分配，因此最后建立基于合作博弈的需求侧调节成本优化模型，求解共享后每个参与方的需求侧调节成本及响应情况，并计算共享服务费用。算例证明，参与共享市场后负荷聚合商总收益均得到提升。
张婕, 花宇飞, 王晨. 基于合作博弈的需求侧调节响应能力共享模型[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(6): 45-55.
ZHANG Jie, HUA Yufei, WANG Chen. A Demand Side Adjustment Capacity Sharing Model Based on Cooperative Game[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(6): 45-55.
图 1 需求侧能量共享市场框架
Fig.1 Demand side energy sharing market framework
| 区间 | 奖惩标准 | |
| Ω＞150% | 违约响应，超出部分不奖励 | |
| 70%≤Ω＜150% | 实际响应量×奖励标准 | |
| 60%≤Ω＜70% | 50%×实际响应量×奖励标准 | |
| Ω＜60% | 违约响应，不足部分进行惩罚 |
表 1 DR项目每小时奖励资金核算原则
Table 1 Hourly incentive fund accounting principle for DR program
| 区间 | 奖惩标准 | |
| Ω＞150% | 违约响应，超出部分不奖励 | |
| 70%≤Ω＜150% | 实际响应量×奖励标准 | |
| 60%≤Ω＜70% | 50%×实际响应量×奖励标准 | |
| Ω＜60% | 违约响应，不足部分进行惩罚 |
图 2 基于合作博弈的共享需求侧调节响应能力流程
Fig.2 Flow of demand side adjustment capacity sharing based on cooperative game
图 3 LA申报电量与优化前RTP
Fig.3 Declared consumption and unoptimized sale price of LA
| 参数名称 | 数值 | 参数名称 | 数值 | |||
| 单位功率投资成本/ (元·(kW)–1) | 508.80 | 单位功率维护成本/ (元·(kW)–1) | 21.81 | |||
| 单位容量投资成本/ (元·(kW·h)–1) | 单位容量维护成本/ (元·(kW·h)–1) | 21.81 | ||||
| 回收系数/% | 0 | 单位容量替换成本/ (元·(kW·h)–1) | ||||
| 充放电效率/% | 88 | 自放电率/% | 0 | |||
| 放电深度/% | 90 | 折现率/% | 8 | |||
| 使用寿命/年 | 20 | 循环寿命/次 | ||||
| 循环衰退率/(%·(次)–1) | 0.004 | 年循环次数/(次·(年)–1) | 500 |
表 2 磷酸铁锂电池全生命周期成本计算参数
Table 2 Life cycle cost calculation parameters of lithium iron phosphate battery
| 参数名称 | 数值 | 参数名称 | 数值 | |||
| 单位功率投资成本/ (元·(kW)–1) | 508.80 | 单位功率维护成本/ (元·(kW)–1) | 21.81 | |||
| 单位容量投资成本/ (元·(kW·h)–1) | 单位容量维护成本/ (元·(kW·h)–1) | 21.81 | ||||
| 回收系数/% | 0 | 单位容量替换成本/ (元·(kW·h)–1) | ||||
| 充放电效率/% | 88 | 自放电率/% | 0 | |||
| 放电深度/% | 90 | 折现率/% | 8 | |||
| 使用寿命/年 | 20 | 循环寿命/次 | ||||
| 循环衰退率/(%·(次)–1) | 0.004 | 年循环次数/(次·(年)–1) | 500 |
图 4 典型日ESS单位调节成本
Fig.4 Unit adjustment cost of ESS in typical day
| 用电时段 | 承诺响应量/ (MW·h) | 需求曲线斜率/ (元·(MW·h)–1) | ||||||||||||
| A | B | C | A | B | C | |||||||||
| 鼓 励 用 电 | 02:00—03:00 | 8 | 5 | 4 | –7.55 | –11.41 | –18.53 | |||||||
| 03:00—04:00 | 10 | 5 | 4 | –3.85 | –5.81 | –9.59 | ||||||||
| 13:00—14:00 | / | 8 | 6 | / | –5.45 | –12.50 | ||||||||
| 14:00—15:00 | / | 5 | 3 | / | –7.12 | –6.03 | ||||||||
| 15:00—16:00 | 8 | 8 | 4 | –5.01 | –8.14 | –15.04 | ||||||||
| 16:00—17:00 | 10 | 8 | 4 | –6.25 | –4.57 | –11.26 | ||||||||
| 削 减 用 电 | 08:00—09:00 | –10 | –5 | –5 | –5.23 | –15.91 | –8.28 | |||||||
| 09:00—10:00 | –10 | –5 | –5 | –4.86 | –8.94 | –7.41 | ||||||||
| 17:00—18:00 | –8 | –5 | / | –10.24 | –11.62 | / | ||||||||
| 18:00—19:00 | –8 | –5 | / | –11.84 | –18.31 | / | ||||||||
| 19:00—20:00 | –10 | –8 | –5 | –13.08 | –6.54 | –15.84 | ||||||||
| 20:00—21:00 | –5 | –10 | –5 | –10.46 | –7.34 | –8.26 | ||||||||
表 3 DR项目日前分解计划与LA需求曲线斜率
Table 3 Day-ahead breakdown plan of DR program and demand curve slope of LA
| 用电时段 | 承诺响应量/ (MW·h) | 需求曲线斜率/ (元·(MW·h)–1) | ||||||||||||
| A | B | C | A | B | C | |||||||||
| 鼓 励 用 电 | 02:00—03:00 | 8 | 5 | 4 | –7.55 | –11.41 | –18.53 | |||||||
| 03:00—04:00 | 10 | 5 | 4 | –3.85 | –5.81 | –9.59 | ||||||||
| 13:00—14:00 | / | 8 | 6 | / | –5.45 | –12.50 | ||||||||
| 14:00—15:00 | / | 5 | 3 | / | –7.12 | –6.03 | ||||||||
| 15:00—16:00 | 8 | 8 | 4 | –5.01 | –8.14 | –15.04 | ||||||||
| 16:00—17:00 | 10 | 8 | 4 | –6.25 | –4.57 | –11.26 | ||||||||
| 削 减 用 电 | 08:00—09:00 | –10 | –5 | –5 | –5.23 | –15.91 | –8.28 | |||||||
| 09:00—10:00 | –10 | –5 | –5 | –4.86 | –8.94 | –7.41 | ||||||||
| 17:00—18:00 | –8 | –5 | / | –10.24 | –11.62 | / | ||||||||
| 18:00—19:00 | –8 | –5 | / | –11.84 | –18.31 | / | ||||||||
| 19:00—20:00 | –10 | –8 | –5 | –13.08 | –6.54 | –15.84 | ||||||||
| 20:00—21:00 | –5 | –10 | –5 | –10.46 | –7.34 | –8.26 | ||||||||
图 5 优化前后用电量与RTP对比
Fig.5 Comparison of consumption and RTP before and after optimization
图 6 ESS使用情况
Fig.6 Effect of ESS
图 7 共享前后需求侧调节成本
Fig.7 Demand side adjustment cost before and after sharing
| LA | A | B | C | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 鼓励时段 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | ||||||||||||
| 02:00—03:00 | 出售方 | 3.5 | 0 | 0.84 | 出售方 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.56 | 购买方 | –6.0 | 1.41 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 03:00—04:00 | 购买方 | –1.5 | 0.16 | 0 | 出售方 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.26 | 购买方 | –1.0 | 0.10 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 13:00—14:00 | / | / | / | / | 出售方 | 4.0 | 0 | 0.73 | 购买方 | –4.0 | 0.73 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 14:00—15:00 | / | / | / | / | 购买方 | –1.5 | 0.20 | 0 | 出售方 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||
| 15:00—16:00 | 出售方 | 4.0 | 0 | 0.81 | 出售方 | 2.0 | 0 | 0.45 | 购买方 | –6.0 | 1.27 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 16:00—17:00 | 购买方 | –6.0 | 1.10 | 0 | 出售方 | 4.0 | 0 | 0.68 | 出售方 | 2.0 | 0 | 0.42 | ||||||||||||
| 总计 | / | 1.26 | 1.65 | / | 0.76 | 2.68 | / | 3.51 | 0.62 | |||||||||||||||
| 削减时段 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | ||||||||||||
| 08:00—09:00 | 购买方 | 5.0 | 0.73 | 0 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.63 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||
| 09:00—10:00 | 出售方 | –5.0 | 0 | 0.81 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.48 | 购买方 | 7.5 | 1.29 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 17:00—18:00 | 出售方 | –4.0 | 0 | 1.26 | 购买方 | 4.0 | 1.26 | 0 | / | / | / | / | ||||||||||||
| 18:00—19:00 | 购买方 | 2.5 | 1.21 | 0 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 1.21 | / | / | / | / | ||||||||||||
| 19:00—20:00 | 出售方 | –5.0 | 0 | 1.56 | 购买方 | 7.5 | 2.15 | 0 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.59 | ||||||||||||
| 20:00—21:00 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.62 | 出售方 | –5.0 | 0 | 0.93 | 购买方 | 7.5 | 1.54 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 总计 | / | 1.94 | 4.25 | / | 3.41 | 3.25 | / | 2.83 | 0.68 | |||||||||||||||
表 4 需求侧调节响应能力共享服务费用收支明细
Table 4 Details of revenue and expenditure of demand side adjustment capacity sharing
| LA | A | B | C | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 鼓励时段 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | ||||||||||||
| 02:00—03:00 | 出售方 | 3.5 | 0 | 0.84 | 出售方 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.56 | 购买方 | –6.0 | 1.41 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 03:00—04:00 | 购买方 | –1.5 | 0.16 | 0 | 出售方 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.26 | 购买方 | –1.0 | 0.10 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 13:00—14:00 | / | / | / | / | 出售方 | 4.0 | 0 | 0.73 | 购买方 | –4.0 | 0.73 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 14:00—15:00 | / | / | / | / | 购买方 | –1.5 | 0.20 | 0 | 出售方 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||
| 15:00—16:00 | 出售方 | 4.0 | 0 | 0.81 | 出售方 | 2.0 | 0 | 0.45 | 购买方 | –6.0 | 1.27 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 16:00—17:00 | 购买方 | –6.0 | 1.10 | 0 | 出售方 | 4.0 | 0 | 0.68 | 出售方 | 2.0 | 0 | 0.42 | ||||||||||||
| 总计 | / | 1.26 | 1.65 | / | 0.76 | 2.68 | / | 3.51 | 0.62 | |||||||||||||||
| 削减时段 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | 身份 | 响应量变化/ (MW·h) | 支出/ 万元 | 收入/ 万元 | ||||||||||||
| 08:00—09:00 | 购买方 | 5.0 | 0.73 | 0 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.63 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||
| 09:00—10:00 | 出售方 | –5.0 | 0 | 0.81 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.48 | 购买方 | 7.5 | 1.29 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 17:00—18:00 | 出售方 | –4.0 | 0 | 1.26 | 购买方 | 4.0 | 1.26 | 0 | / | / | / | / | ||||||||||||
| 18:00—19:00 | 购买方 | 2.5 | 1.21 | 0 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 1.21 | / | / | / | / | ||||||||||||
| 19:00—20:00 | 出售方 | –5.0 | 0 | 1.56 | 购买方 | 7.5 | 2.15 | 0 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.59 | ||||||||||||
| 20:00—21:00 | 出售方 | –2.5 | 0 | 0.62 | 出售方 | –5.0 | 0 | 0.93 | 购买方 | 7.5 | 1.54 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 总计 | / | 1.94 | 4.25 | / | 3.41 | 3.25 | / | 2.83 | 0.68 | |||||||||||||||
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