计及静态电压稳定裕度的电制氢容量和布点规划研究

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着电制氢负荷的大规模并网和电网运行方式的频繁变化，电制氢设备集群的接入方式和布点位置对电网稳定性影响日益显著，为此，提出一种计及静态电压稳定裕度约束的电制氢容量和布点规划方法。首先，基于碱性电解槽的稳态模型分析其运行特性，构建无变压器直挂型电解槽并网接入方式，将制氢系统的内部电流参与到连续潮流计算的牛顿-拉夫逊法迭代，由PV曲线得到当前系统的静态电压稳定裕度；基于净现值评价指标，建立电制氢系统全寿命周期经济性分析模型；基于静态电压稳定裕度约束和系统净现值最大的目标，提出电解槽制氢系统容量规划模型，决策变量为电解槽总容量；基于功率传输分布因子评价指标，构建系统关键节点处的电解槽布点规划模型，并计算各节点权重，从而得到电解槽制氢系统容量配置结果；最后，采用IEEE 39节点系统进行算例分析，结果表明，所提方法在兼顾经济性的同时保证了大规模电制氢负荷的并网稳定性，有效消纳了系统冗余配置，平衡潮流分布。

关键词: 碱性电解槽, 全寿命周期成本, 静态电压稳定裕度, 电力系统关键节点, 布点规划

Abstract:

With the large-scale grid connection of electric hydrogen production load and the frequent changes of power grid operation mode, the access mode and distribution location of electric hydrogen production equipment cluster have an increasingly significant impact on the stability of power grid. Therefore, this paper proposes a planning method of electric hydrogen production capacity and distribution location considering static voltage stability margin constraints. Firstly, based on the steady-state model of alkaline electrolytic cell, its operating characteristics are analyzed, and the grid-connected mode of transformerless direct-hanging electrolytic cell is constructed. The internal current of hydrogen production system is involved in the Newton-Raphson method iteration of continuous power flow calculation, and the static voltage stability margin of the current system is obtained from the PV curve. Based on the net present value evaluation index, the economic analysis model of the whole life cycle of the hydrogen production system is established. Based on the constraint of static voltage stability margin and the goal of maximizing the net present value of the system, a capacity planning model for the hydrogen production system of the electrolytic cell is proposed. The decision variable is the total capacity of the electrolytic cell. Based on the evaluation index of power transmission distribution factor, the layout planning model of the electrolytic cell at the key nodes of the system is constructed, and the weight of each node is calculated to obtain the capacity configuration result of the electrolytic cell hydrogen production system. Finally, the IEEE 39 node system is used for example analysis. The results show that the proposed method ensures the grid-connected stability of large-scale electric hydrogen production load while taking into account the economy, effectively consumes the redundant configuration of the system and balances the power flow distribution.

Key words: alkaline electrolyzer, life cycle cost, static voltage margin, key nodes of power system, layout planning

胡常胜, 摆志俊, 张章, 李建康, 沈子洋. 计及静态电压稳定裕度的电制氢容量和布点规划研究[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(5): 91-101.

HU Changsheng, BAI Zhijun, ZHANG Zhang, LI Jiankang, SHEN Ziyang. Research on Capacity and Distribution Planning of Electric Hydrogen Production Considering Static Voltage Stability Margin[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(5): 91-101.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401114

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I5/91

图/表 13

参考文献 27

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节点数		支路数		PQ节点数		PV节点数		基准容量/MW
39		46		29		9		100

节点数		支路数		PQ节点数		PV节点数		基准容量/MW
39		46		29		9		100

PV节点	PQ节点	PV节点	PQ节点
Bus-30	Bus-2	Bus-36	Bus-23
Bus-32	Bus-10	Bus-37	Bus-25
Bus-33	Bus-19	Bus-38	Bus-29
Bus-34	Bus-20	Bus-39	Bus-1
Bus-35	Bus-22

PV节点	PQ节点	PV节点	PQ节点
Bus-30	Bus-2	Bus-36	Bus-23
Bus-32	Bus-10	Bus-37	Bus-25
Bus-33	Bus-19	Bus-38	Bus-29
Bus-34	Bus-20	Bus-39	Bus-1
Bus-35	Bus-22

项目	上限	备注
电解槽制氢投资成本/(元·kW^–1）	3 500
氢气售价/(元·kg^–1)	20
制氢电价/(元·(kW$ \cdot $h)^–1)	0.42	当地发电价格
制氢水价/(元·t^–1)	3.05	当地工业水价
制氢初始效率/((kW$ \cdot $h)$ \cdot $m^–3)	4.5
电解槽制氢系统效率衰减/%	10	假设平均衰减0.5%/年
政府补贴/(元·(kW$ \cdot $h)^–1)	0.25
电解槽制氢系统寿命/年	10
电解槽年等效利用小时数/h	2 000
电压效率和氢气产生效率之间的转换率/%	5
氢气向水的转化率/%	70
$ {k_a} $/%	5