基于有源和无源阻尼协同控制的光伏直流升压汇集系统谐振抑制

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

光伏直流升压汇集系统中，DC/DC换流器内部LC电路与开关电路因阻抗匹配而产生谐振问题，从而导致系统稳定性变差甚至崩溃。针对换流器因阻抗匹配产生的谐振问题，提出了有源和无源阻尼协同控制以消除谐振的方法。首先，建立了在不同工况下的换流器运行小信号阻抗模型。其次，利用阻抗比判据对比分析系统稳定性差异，并讨论了不同虚拟电阻对系统稳定性的影响。最后，通过将产生谐振峰值处的角频率点与其相邻正常角频率点的等效阻抗幅值之比限定为[0.95, 1.15]，将阻尼电阻值在最大功率点跟踪（maximum power point tracking，MPPT）控制下换流器的闭环输出阻抗幅值提高了约1.5倍。研究结果表明，相比仅采用有源或无源阻尼法，所提协同控制策略使得产生谐振处的幅值由–15 dB增加到40.5 dB，提高约4倍，且系统具有较大的幅值和相角裕度，可有效提高系统的稳定性。

关键词: 光伏发电, 直流升压汇集, 小信号阻抗建模, 有源和无源阻尼, 谐振抑制, 稳定性分析

Abstract:

In a photovoltaic DC collection system, the impedance matching between the LC circuit and switching circuit in the DC/DC converter is easy to generate resonance, which leads to the system stability deterioration or even collapse. In order to solve the resonant problem of the converter due to impedance matching, the active and passive damping cooperative control is proposed to eliminate the resonance. Firstly, the small-signal impedance model of the converter under different operating conditions is established. Secondly, the impedance ratio criterion is used to analyze the stability differences of the system, and the influence of different virtual resistance values on the system stability is discussed. Finally, by using the ratio of the equivalent impedance amplitude between the angular frequency point at which the resonance peak is generated and its neighboring normal angular frequency point limited between [0.95, 1.15], the closed-loop output impedance amplitude of the converter under MPPT control with the value of the damping resistor is obtained to be improved by about 1.5 times. The results show that compared with only active or passive damping control, the proposed cooperative control strategy increases the amplitude at resonance generation from -15dB to 40.5dB, which is about 4 times, and the system has large amplitude margin and phase margin, which effectively improve the stability of the system.

Key words: photovoltaic power, DC boost collection, small-signal impedance model, active and passive damping, resonance suppression, stability analysis

潘鹏程, 韩文舜, 郭雪丽. 基于有源和无源阻尼协同控制的光伏直流升压汇集系统谐振抑制[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(3): 20-30.

Pengcheng PAN, Wenshun HAN, Xueli GUO. Resonance Suppression of Photovoltaic DC Boost Collection System Based on Active and Passive Damping Cooperative Control[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(3): 20-30.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402044

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I3/20

图/表 20

图 1 光伏直流升压汇集系统拓扑结构

Fig.1 Topology of the photovoltaic DC voltage boosting system

图 2 DC/DC换流器内部结构

Fig.2 DC/DC converter internal structure

图 3 DC/DC换流器时域等效模型

Fig.3 Time domain equivalent model of DC/DC converter

图 4 MPPT控制框图及换流器小信号模型

Fig.4 Control block diagram and small-signal model of converter under MPPT control

图 5 定直流电压控制框图及小信号模型

Fig.5 Control block diagram and small-signal model of converter under fixed DC voltage control

图 6 MMC结构图

Fig.6 Structure diagram of MMC

图 7 定直流电压控制策略框图

Fig.7 Block diagram of constant DC voltage control strategy

图 8 系统小信号等效电路

Fig.8 Small-signal equivalent circuit for system

表 1 光伏系统参数及控制参数

Table 1 PV System parameters and control parameters

换流器	参数	数值
DC/DC换流器	滤波电容 C_i/F	0.0006
	滤波电容 C_o/F	0.0014
	Boost电感 L/H	0.003
	虚拟电阻控制滤波电感 L₁/mH	0.001
	虚拟电阻控制滤波电阻 R₁/Ω	0.002
	MPPT控制PI参数 k_p1	100
	MPPT控制PI参数 k_i1	0.1
	定直流电压控制PI参数 k_p2	0.1
	定直流电压控制PI参数 k_i2	5
	变压器容量/kW	500
	变压器变比 n_T	1:20
半桥MMC	电平数	71
	额定容量/(MV·A)	2
	额定直流电压/kV	60
	桥臂电感/H	0.003
	子模块电容/F	0.0015
	子模块通态电容/Ω	0.001
	MMC外环控制参数 k_p3	10
	MMC外环控制参数 k_i3	0.01
	MMC内环控制参数 k_p4	8
	MMC内环控制参数 k_i4	0.06

表 2 系统主变及电网参数

Table 2 Main transformer and AC parameters in the system

类型	参数	数值
主变	容量/(MV·A)	2
	变比/kV	220/35
	连接方式	Ynd
	短路阻抗/%	10
交流电网	电压等级/kV	220
直流线路	电阻L_Line/mH	13
直流线路	电感R_Line/ Ω	0.54

图 9 简化阻抗模型验证

Fig.9 Validation of simplified impedance model

图 10 LC电路参数取值不同的对比

Fig.10 Bode diagram of LC circuit with different parameter values

图 11 定直流电压控制补偿前后Tm的Nyquist图

Fig.11 Nyquist diagram of Tm with and without compensation

图 12 定直流电压控制下不同Rv的Bode图和Nyquist图

Fig.12 Bode diagram and Nyquist diagram of different Rv under constant DC voltage control

图 13 DC/DC在不同控制策略下加入不同阻尼电阻后${Z'_{{\text{PV}}}}$的Bode图

Fig.13 Bode diagram of $ {Z'_{{\text{PV}}}} $under different control strategies by adding different X

图 14 有源和无源阻尼协同控制下换流器输出Bode图和环路增益Nyquist图

Fig.14 Bode diagram of converter output and loop gain Nyquist diagram under active and passive cooperative control

图 15 无源阻尼控制下系统的仿真波形

Fig.15 Simulation waveforms of the system under passive damping

图 16 有源阻尼控制下系统的仿真波形

Fig.16 Simulation waveforms of the system under active damping

图 17 有源和无源阻尼协同控制策略下系统的仿真波形

Fig.17 Simulation waveforms of the system under active and passive damping cooperative control strategies

图 18 加入阻尼电阻和虚拟电阻控制交流侧的仿真波形

Fig.18 The simulation waveform on the AC side of adding damping resistors and virtual resistors to control

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