考虑电氢混合储能容量配置的主动配电网双层优化模型

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202507043

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在主动配电网中配置电氢混合储能，对于增强用电经济性、促进可再生能源消纳、降低电压波动、保障供需平衡与系统稳定至关重要。首先，设计了含电氢混合储能的主动配电网运行框架，构建配电网域的电氢混合储能模型。然后，以综合用电成本最小为目标构建上层优化模型，以弃风弃光率、电压波动率、电网购电波动以及总负荷波动最小为目标建立下层优化模型。最后，以改进IEEE 33节点配电网为例验证模型的有效性。结果表明，所提模型能够实现电氢混合储能容量配置以及主动配电网运行调度优化。相较于不配置储能或配置单一介质储能，电氢混合储能更具经济可行性，并且增强了主动配电网的自我调节能力。分时电价与季节特性共同驱动电氢混合储能的协同运行，形成“电化学快速响应+氢储能长时调节”的协同调度模式。

关键词: 主动配电网, 电氢混合储能, 容量配置, 双层优化

Abstract:

The configuration of electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage in active distribution networks is of vital importance for enhancing the economic efficiency of electricity usage, promoting the consumption of renewable energy, reducing voltage fluctuations, and ensuring the balance between supply and demand as well as system stability. Firstly, an active distribution network operation framework containing electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system is designed, and an electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage model in the distribution network domain is constructed. Then, an upper-level optimization model is constructed to minimize the comprehensive electricity cost, and a lower-level optimization model is established with the goals of minimizing the wind and solar curtailment rate, voltage fluctuation rate, grid purchase fluctuation, and the total load fluctuation. Finally, a modified IEEE 33-node distribution network is used as a case study to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results demonstrate that the model can achieve optimal capacity configuration for electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system, and optimal dispatch of the active distribution networks. Compared to scenarios without energy storage or with single-medium energy storage, the hybrid electricity-hydrogen system proves to be more economically viable and enhances the self-regulating capability of the active distribution networks. Time-of-use electricity prices and seasonal characteristics collectively drive the coordinated operation of the electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system, forming a synergistic dispatching mode characterized by "electrochemical storage providing rapid response + hydrogen storage enabling long-duration regulation."

Key words: active distribution networks, electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage, capacity allocation, two-layer optimization

鲍红焉, 刘吉成, 刘子毅, 孙嘉康. 考虑电氢混合储能容量配置的主动配电网双层优化模型[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(10): 27-38.

BAO Hongyan, LIU Jicheng, LIU Ziyi, SUN Jiakang. A Two-layer Optimization Model for Active Distribution Networks Considering Electric-Hydrogen Hybrid Energy Storage Capacity Allocation[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(10): 27-38.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202507043

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I10/27

图/表 10

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设备	单位成本	更换次数	更换成本系数	运维成本系数
电化学储能	功率成本1500元/kW 能量成本1000元/kW	1	0.4	0.01
碱性电解槽	2800元/kW	1	0.5	0.03
储氢罐	10000元/kg	0	0.5
燃料电池	4500元/kW	2	0.5

设备	单位成本	更换次数	更换成本系数	运维成本系数
电化学储能	功率成本1500元/kW 能量成本1000元/kW	1	0.4	0.01
碱性电解槽	2800元/kW	1	0.5	0.03
储氢罐	10000元/kg	0	0.5
燃料电池	4500元/kW	2	0.5

分类	特征	典型日
光伏主导日	当日出力主要由光伏提供，风电出力较低或波动平缓	6~8
风电主导日	当日出力主要由风电提供，光伏出力受天气影响较小	3、9~11
风光互补日	风电与光伏出力在时序上形成有效互补，整体可再生能源出力平稳	4、5、12
极端场景日	风光出力或负荷出现极端情况	1、2

分类	特征	典型日
光伏主导日	当日出力主要由光伏提供，风电出力较低或波动平缓	6~8
风电主导日	当日出力主要由风电提供，光伏出力受天气影响较小	3、9~11
风光互补日	风电与光伏出力在时序上形成有效互补，整体可再生能源出力平稳	4、5、12
极端场景日	风光出力或负荷出现极端情况	1、2

方案	电化学储能功率/kW	电化学储能容量/(kW·h)	储氢罐容量/kg	电解槽制氢功率/kW	燃料电池功率/kW
一	0	0	0	0	0
二	10565	48849	0	0	0
三	0	0	698	4122	176
四	927	4226	1362	10565	30785