基于超导磁储能的光伏场站送出线路距离保护

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202403054

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受光伏逆变器控制策略影响，光伏场站呈弱馈性和电流相位受控特性，导致送出线路光伏侧距离保护的测量阻抗无法正确反映故障所在位置，抗过渡电阻能力大大下降。根据送出线路系统的故障分量序网图推导出线路短路阻抗的求解方程组，同时基于光伏场站直流母线接入的超导磁储能（superconducting magnetic energy storage，SMES）改变传统的低电压穿越控制策略，通过控保协同消除方程组中的未知量，进而对线路短路阻抗进行求解，提出了基于超导磁储能的光伏场站送出线路距离保护方案。与现有推导线路短路阻抗的方法相比，该方法不存在近似计算，计算准确度得到很大提升；且相比于其他控保协同方案，该方案在保证距离保护可靠动作的同时也兼顾了故障期间光伏场站对于电网的无功支撑，其低电压穿越能力不仅没有被削弱，反而得到一定的提升。

关键词: 光伏场站, 送出线路, 控制策略, 距离保护, 超导磁储能

Abstract:

Affected by the control strategy of photovoltaic inverters, the photovoltaic station has weak-feedback and current-phase-controlled characteristics. As a result, the measured impedance of the distance protection on the photovoltaic side of the transmission line cannot correctly reflect the location of the fault, and the ability to withstand fault resistance variations is significantly reduced. First, the solution equations of the line short-circuit impedance are derived according to the fault component sequence network diagram of the transmission line system. At the same time, the traditional low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) control strategy is changed based on the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) connected to the DC bus of the photovoltaic station. The unknowns in the equations are eliminated by the control and protection coordination, and then the line short-circuit impedance is solved. Finally, the distance protection scheme for outgoing line of photovoltaic station based on SMES is proposed. Compared with the existing methods for deriving the line short-circuit impedance, there is no approximate calculation in the method. As a result, the accuracy of the calculation is greatly improved. In addition, compared with other control and protection coordination schemes, while ensuring the reliable operation of the distance protection, the scheme also takes into account the reactive power support for the power grid during the fault period. Instead of being weakened, the LVRT capability is even enhanced.

Key words: photovoltaic station, transmission line, control strategy, distance protection, superconducting magnetic energy storage

戴志辉, 柳梅元, 韦舒清, 朱卫平, 王文卓. 基于超导磁储能的光伏场站送出线路距离保护[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(10): 102-114.

Zhihui DAI, Meiyuan LIU, Shuqing WEI, Weiping ZHU, Wenzhuo WANG. Distance Protection for Outgoing Line of Photovoltaic Station Based on Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(10): 102-114.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202403054

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I10/102

图/表 20

图 1 光伏场站送出线路

Fig.1 Transmission line of photovoltaic station

图 2 附加阻抗的影响

Fig.2 Effect of additional impedance

图 3 A相故障网络

Fig.3 Network of phase-A fault

图 4 A相故障零序分量网络

Fig.4 Zero-sequence component network under phase-A fault

图 5 光伏场站拓扑模型

Fig.5 Topology model of photovoltaic station

图 6 逆变器控制策略

Fig.6 Control strategy of inverter

图 7 SMES典型拓扑

Fig.7 Typical topology of SMES

图 8 SMES整体控制策略

Fig.8 Overall control strategy of SMES

图 9 BC两相故障网络

Fig.9 Network of BC two-phase fault

图 10 BC两相故障下故障分量序网

Fig.10 Fault component sequence network under BC two-phase fault

图 11 保护流程

Fig.11 Protection flow

表 1 仿真模型参数

Table 1 Parameters of simulation model

系统参数	数值	系统参数	数值
正序电阻/(Ω·km^–1)	0.14	正序电抗/(Ω·km^–1)	0.38
零序电阻/(Ω·km^–1)	0.39	零序电抗/(Ω·km^–1)	1.18
额定电压/kV	35	频率/Hz	50
光伏场站容量/MW	10	系统短路容量/MW	200
线路长度/km	100

图 12 并网点电压仿真结果

Fig.12 Simulation result of grid-connected point voltage

图 13 故障发生在不同位置时仿真结果

Fig.13 Simulation results when the fault occurs at different positions

表 2 不同故障位置下计算结果

Table 2 Calculation results under different fault locations

故障类型	R_f/Ω	l_true/km	l_cal/km
AG	20	10	10.34
	20	40	40.27
	20	70	70.33
BC	20	10	10.53
	20	40	40.39
	20	70	70.41
BCG	20	10	10.61
	20	40	40.65
	20	70	70.52

图 14 不同过渡电阻下仿真结果

Fig.14 Simulation results under different fault resistances

表 3 不同过渡电阻下计算结果

Table 3 Calculation results under different fault resistances

故障类型	R_f/Ω	l_true/km	l_cal/km
AG	75	80	80.76
	125	80	81.12
	175	80	81.24
BC	75	80	78.57
	125	80	80.75
	175	80	81.12
BCG	75	80	80.61
	125	80	80.93
	175	80	81.11

表 4 不同光伏容量时计算结果

Table 4 Calculation results of different photovoltaic capacity

光伏场站容量/MW	故障类型	l_true/km	l_cal/km	保护动作
20	AG	30	30.12	√
		60	60.21	√
		85	85.27	√
	BC	30	30.17	√
		60	60.34	√
		85	85.38	√
	BCG	30	30.24	√
		60	60.41	√
		85	85.54	√
40	AG	30	30.10	√
		60	60.20	√
		85	85.29	√
	BC	30	30.14	√
		60	60.31	√
		85	85.34	√
	BCG	30	30.19	√
		60	60.39	√
		85	85.48	√

图 15 2种方法计算结果对比

Fig.15 Comparison of the calculation results while using the two methods

表 5 文献[15]与本文方法比较结果

Table 5 Comparison between methods in [15] and in this paper

故障类型	R_f/Ω	文献[15]	本文
故障类型	R_f/Ω	l_cal/km	l_cal/km
AG	20	82.12	80.76
	40	83.27	81.12
	60	83.96	81.24
BC	20	83.17	78.57
	40	83.73	80.75
	60	84.05	81.02
BCG	20	82.49	80.61
	40	84.65	80.93
	60	84.87	81.11

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