Table of Content

05 June 2021, Volume 54 Issue 6

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Design and Practice of Inter-Provincial Peak Regulation Auxiliary Service Market Mechanism for Northwest China Power Grid

MA Xiaowei, XUE Chen, REN Jing, ZHANG Xiaodong, MENG Xinyu, YANG Ying, WANG Yang, XIA Qing

2021, 54(6):  2-11.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202005050

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For a long time, the problem of wind and light power curtailment is prominent for Northwest Power Grid. The provinces in the northwest China have mutual complementary characteristics in installed generator units and power consumption characteristics, and it is urgent to build a peak regulation auxiliary service market to accommodate more clean energy. The paper introduces the background, basic principles and concepts for designing inter-provincial peak regulation auxiliary service market for Northwest Power Grid, and discusses the design mechanism of the market varieties in detail. Based on the principle of "who benefits, who bears the cost", a cost-sharing method considering the peak regulation utility is designed to ensure the fairness of market operation to a certain extent. The results of case study and practical operation show that the designed market mechanism is helpful to promote the optimal allocation of inter-provincial peak regulation resources in the northwest China.

Practice and Prospect of Electricity Market Reform in Yunnan

WANG Zishi, XING Yuhui, YANG Zhifang, YU Juan

2021, 54(6):  12-21.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202006279

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Due to the high renewable penetration and reverse distribution of load and energy, Yunnan Province is in the forefront of the country in terms of renewable energy consumption and market participation. Therefore, the path and experience of Yunnan Province has important implications for other provinces. By taking the state quo of power grid operation and electricity market construction in Yunnan Province as background, we summarized the reform history and practice experience of Yunnan Province. Firstly, the general situation of Yunnan electricity market is introduced, and the development process of Yunnan electricity market is analyzed with the trading varieties and changes of main market players as the main line. And then, based on the existing trading model and mechanism of Yunnan Province, the innovative mechanism design of Yunnan market trading, including incentive mechanism and multi-energy complementarity, is analyzed. Finally, based on the actual situation, we put forward relevant suggestions for Yunnan to improve the mid-to-long-term trading mechanism, promote the spot market, and explore the retail market in the future.

Market Mechanism Design of Renewable Energy Accommodation Responsibility Weight under Spot Market Environment

LIN Hua, YANG Minghui, GAI Chao, LIN Xiaofan, FENG Donghan

2021, 54(6):  22-28.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202006135

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The responsibility weight system for renewable energy accommodation and the construction of power spot market are being implemented simultaneously in China. In order to coordinate the relationship between the conventional power trading varieties and the accommodation responsibility weight trading varieties and to realize the smooth implementation of the accommodation weight system, we designed a market mechanism of renewable energy accommodation weight under the spot market environment. Based on an analysis of the difficulties in implementation of the accommodation weight system under the background of spot market, relevant market mechanisms are designed from four aspects, including main market players, transaction varieties, transaction mode and cycle, and transaction process. A market design of power grid player-included excessive accommodation is innovatively put forward. A case study demonstrates the positive significance of the power grid player-included excessive accommodation market in promoting the development of new energy.

A New Mode for Medium and Long-Term Electricity Trade Based on Standardized Futures

SHI Junqiang, LIU Zeyu, FENG Donghan

2021, 54(6):  29-35,70.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202010051

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The electricity futures are a kind of electricity financial contract that can effectively lower the trading risk in the electricity spot market. With the advance of China's electricity market reform, the marketization degree of electricity trade is gradually improved, which calls for studies on the potential electricity futures market. Based on the current practice of electricity markets in China, three kinds of standardized electricity futures contracts, including peak load, waist load and base load, are applied to design the medium and long-term futures trading model of the power selling side. Furthermore, the time value of capital is introduced to promote the fairness of the electricity futures market. The case study illustrates the basic strategy of futures trading, and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model in lowering the risk of electricity cost.

Operating Mechanism of Australian Electric Financial Derivatives Market and Its Implications for Electricity Market Construction in China

LENG Yuan, GU Weide

2021, 54(6):  36-43,61.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202007146

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For the countries with electricity market-orientation, electric financial derivatives transactions have been introduced into the market construction, and the electric financial derivatives have been attracted more and more attentions as an important market risk management tool. By taking the Australian electric financial market as an example, this research introduces its market development process, market organization and typical products with special stress on analyzing the electricity swap, futures and options, and summarizes the experiences of the country’s market operation. Based on the current situation of electricity market in China, we propose the implications of Australia’s experiences for improving China’s electricity market construction in six aspects, including market system, market access, product design, transaction organization, settlement mechanism and risk prevention.

Analysis and Enlightenment of Vesting Contract in Singapore Electricity Market

CHEN Baike, ZHANG Jingwei, ZHU Jisong, JING Zhaoxia

2021, 54(6):  44-53.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202007092

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Vesting contract plays an important role in curbing market power, strengthening competition, and allocating generation costs at different stages of the development of Singapore's electricity market. It has lots of similarities with the contract for difference (CfD) authorized by the Chinese government. Firstly the paper introduces the reform process of Singapore's electricity market and its operating mechanism at the present stage. Then, the design of the parameters and mechanism of the vesting contract are discussed, with emphasis on the determination method of the vesting contract level, the classification of the vesting contract and the decomposition method of its volume. Besides, a case is given to present the philosophy for determining the vesting contract level and the implementation effect of the vesting contract. Finally, based on the current situation of CfD authorized by the Chinese government, some inspirations and ideas are put forward to design the Chinese CfD in the near future.

Financial Transmission Right Mechanism and Its Application in China Electricity Market

GAN Zishen, JING Zhaoxia, XIE Wenjin, LIU Yu, PAN Zhanhua

2021, 54(6):  54-61.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202003122

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The electricity spot market reform in China has led to a significant change in revenues for different power generation entities. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a practical market transition scheme. Firstly, the paper introduces the basic situation of long-term electricity transaction market and spot market in China, and analyzes the possible problems after the operation of spot market. And then, from the perspective of equity property rights and welfare distribution, a transition scheme for electricity market reform is proposed to solve the existing problems through allocating financial transmission rights (FTRs). In the proposed scheme, based on the FTRs before and after spot market reform, a new FTR mechanism is proposed according to the basic theory of FTR, which is to allocate a part of FTRs to the power generation enterprises. A case study of an IEEE-14 bus system was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, which shows that the proposed mechanism can reduce the revenue changes between different power generation enterprises without affecting the market efficiency, and is conducive to the smooth transition of the electricity market.

Pricing Model and Cross Subsidy Treatment Mechanism in Dual-Track Electricity Market

LIU Siqiang, YE Ze, WU Yongfei, WANG Yali

2021, 54(6):  62-70.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202007126

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To properly deal with the cross-subsidies in the dual-track electricity market is a practical issue that needs to be addressed in advancing electricity reform. Based on the characteristics of various user transaction modes in the electricity market after reform of electric power system, cross subsidy is regarded as exogenous and policy-based cost independent item. At the same time, according to the principle of cost externalization, an electricity price model is constructed in the paper with converged mechanism and clearly defined cost elements and cost attributes under different market transaction scenarios, and on this basis, the mechanism of "transparent collection and transparent subsidy" and the balance mechanism are designed for cross-subsidies. Case study shows that the current cross-subsidy treatment mechanism will lead to problems such as the imbalance of income and expenditure, the unequal responsibility of electricity allocation in different markets, and the aggravation of the cross-subsidy responsibility of industrial and commercial users. A set of mechanisms designed in this paper, such as the mechanism of transparent collection and transparent subsidy, the dynamic balance between supply and demand, and the subsidy regression, will help to correct the deviation of institutional arrangement and effectively solve the contradiction between supply and demand of cross-subsidy in the dual-track market.

Electricity Market Risk Evaluation Based on Order Relation-Entropy Weight Method

XIE Jingdong, LU Chixin, LU Siwei, SUN Bo, HUANG Xiying, SUN Xin

2021, 54(6):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202006099

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With the accelerated construction of China's electricity market, it is important for construction of the electricity market to make the smooth market transition and provide a scientific risk assessment method. Therefore, an electricity market risk assessment model is proposed based on the order relation-entropy weight method. Firstly, based on the actual market conditions, and combined with the principles of practicality, accessibility and reasonability, an universal index system is proposed from five aspects, including market subjects, market operations, market prices, market transactions, and market management. And a comprehensive assessment is made of the electricity market risks. And then, the weight of each index is calculated using the combination weighting method of the order relationship-entropy weight method to form the quantified evaluation values, thus accurately obtaining the risk levels of the electricity market; Finally, the feasibility and applicability of the method is verified through a practical example.

The Decision Making Process of an Electricity Retailer Under Medium and Long Term Restriction in Spot Market

XU Yun

2021, 54(6):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.201912144

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The deepening reform of the electricity spot market has brought new opportunities and challenges to the retailers. Research on decision-making of the retailer in the spot market is of great significance. The price-quota function is used to quantify the competition faced by the retailer. The paper establishes the cost and income model of electricity procurement and selling by a retailer, and generates a series of scenarios with different spot price based on lognormal distribution, and quantifies the risk in all scenarios with CVaR mode, and finally establishes the profit-risk objective function. In the case study, the paper compares the selling price, market share, the proportion of electricity procuring in the medium and long-term market, risk and profit of the retailer with and without the long and medium term trading restrictions under different risk preferences. The case study shows: when there is no restriction on medium and long term power procure, the retailer will set a higher retail price and sign a large number of medium and long term contracts; when there is a restriction on medium and long-term power purchase, the retailer must reduce the retail price to obtain more medium and long term trading qualifications to maximize the profit, and both the risk and profit of the retailer are lower than the level when there is no medium and long term restriction, and meanwhile the benefit of the demand sides increases.

Analysis on China's Nuclear Energy Development Path under the Goal of Peaking Carbon Emissions and Achieving Carbon Neutrality

WANG Haiyang, RONG Jian

2021, 54(6):  86-94.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202103141

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China's energy system will continue to speed up the clean and low-carbon transformation under the goal of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality (the dual-carbon target). Nuclear energy has the advantages of zero-emission of greenhouse gases in the production process, low carbon emission during the whole life cycle, high energy density and non-intermittency, and can help realize the transition of energy system through large-scale replacement of fossil energy. Based on an investigation of the current situation of China's energy system and the foundation of nuclear energy development, this paper summarizes the energy development goals proposed by various researches. Then an analysis is made of the development opportunities of nuclear energy in the fields of power generation, hydrogen production, district heating and water desalination, and the staged development objectives and the corresponding techniques are proposed. Furthermore, the development path of nuclear energy industry is discussed, and it is pointed out that the focus of future work should be on reposition of nuclear energy in the whole energy system, insisting on innovation-driven development, and adhering to the coordinated development of economic society. In the end, the issues that attention should be paid to are discussed, including safety and public acceptability, economy and flexibility, and some policy suggestions are proposed for the high quality development of nuclear energy industry.

Wind Turbine Generator Winding Temperature Prediction Based on XGBoost and LSTM

TENG Wei, HUANG Yike, WU Shiming, LIU Yibing

2021, 54(6):  95-103.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202101090

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Generator stator winding temperature is a significant representation of the health status of wind turbines. Accurate prediction of winding overheating can help us timely formulate operation and maintenance plan and find out the fault source. A combined model is proposed to predict the stator winding temperature of wind turbines based on the weighted fusion of XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), and the difference in model structure between the two methods is used to improve the accuracy of the fusion prediction results. The SCADA data from on-site wind farm verifies that the proposed combined model can effectively predict the winding overheating, which is of great use for further engineering application.

Analysis on Thermal Peak Shaving and Economic Performance of Gas-Fired Unit

LIU Jiale, MA Suxia, MA Honghe, ZHANG Lifang

2021, 54(6):  104-110.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202101041

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Generally, low-pressure cylinder transformation with no-load heating are implemented in many cogeneration units to ensure heat supply in winter season. In this paper, in order to study the no-load heating performance of low-pressure cylinder under limited natural gas supply and different back pressures, by taking a gas-steam combined cycle unit as the study object, the safe regulation range of no-load heating is determined based on the calculation of the minimum steam intake of low-pressure cylinder under different back pressures. Moreover, an exergy analysis model is established for the energy system including heat supply, low-pressure cylinder power, cold source losses and the power consumption of auxiliary equipment to comprehensively evaluate the heating economy of low-pressure cylinder under no-load operating conditions. The results show that the reduction of back pressure is beneficial to the improvement of the maximum heating output and thermal peak shaving capacity of the unit under low power loads. At the same time, the energy system of low pressure cylinder can also achieve higher exergy efficiency.

Refined Modeling for Power Response Characteristic of Thermal Power Unit under Primary Frequency Control

SHENG Kai, ZOU Xin, QIU Jing, ZHU Xiaoxing

2021, 54(6):  111-118,152.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202101111

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Due to the strong-nonlinearity characteristics of the power response of thermal power units, it is difficult to represent the practical power characteristics precisely in terms of the typical linear model. In this paper, through the analysis of the impacts of key factors such as the discharge characteristics of steam turbine valves and throttle pressure on the power response characteristics under primary frequency control, the steam turbine’s valve discharge characteristic and throttle pressure coupling function are introduced as well as the throttle pressure model and the dynamic conversion factor between first stage pressure and load. Then the refined model of power response under primary frequency control is established based on the typical steam turbine model. Finally, the performance of the established model is validated in combination with the primary frequency control test on an actual 660 MW supercritical unit. The results indicate that compared with the typical model, the proposed model demonstrates higher accuracy regarding the power characteristics under primary frequency control.

P2X Technology Progress and Simulation Studies on Its Participation in Power System Operation Optimization

ZHANG Ning, DAI Hongcai, WANG Yinan, LIU Lin, TANG Fang, XU Nan

2021, 54(6):  119-127,135.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202005163

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As a cutting-edge technological concept, P2X represents the conversion of electrical energy to heat, cold, gas and other forms of energy. Based on the basic concept of P2X, this paper reviews the P2X technology system, evaluates the economics and development potential of various major technologies, and proposes the role and value of P2X from the perspective of power systems. Furthermore, a simulation model of power system operation optimization considering P2X flexible load is constructed. Taking the long-term target year of North China region as the case scenario, a numerical study is carried out on the optimal operation of electrical heating and hydrogen production load. The analysis result demonstrates significant impacts of P2X flexible load on the curtailment rate of new energy generation.

Economic Operation Optimization of User-Side Energy Storage System Based on Complex Power Characteristic Zone of Load

YI Bin, ZHAO Wei, DENG Kai, ZHONG Guobin, XIAO Yuan

2021, 54(6):  128-135.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202004196

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In order to improve the operational economics of user-side energy storage (ES) projects and take full advantages of ES in demand management, time-of-use electricity price management and power quality optimization, in the paper, the complex power characteristic distribution of load and ES are analyzed with the phasor method in polar coordinate. Then an economic operation optimization strategy for user-side ES is proposed based on the load power characteristic zone, which can effectively reduce the user's capacity tariff, electric tariff and power-factor regulating tariff. Additionally, because of its simple parameter setting, it is convenient for the promotion of engineering applications.

Operation Strategy Optimization of Energy Storage Power Station in Multi-Station Integration Scenario

BAI Zhonghua, LI Qiang, CHEN Jing, YUAN Fusheng, XU Wenbo, SUN Fengchang, YU Zongze

2021, 54(6):  136-144.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202005076

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In order to reduce the operation cost of multi-station integration, improve the economy of multi-station integration, give full play to the value of energy storage power station, and ensure the economic operation of energy storage power station. In this paper, the life model of energy storage station, the load model of edge data center and charging station, and the energy storage transaction model are constructed. By using the method of two-level optimization and particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimal operation strategy of energy storage station in the complex scene of multi-function in multi station fusion is proposed. The simulation results show that the optimal operation strategy of energy storage power station is the same rate of charge and discharge in the same continuous period group with the same electricity price; among the groups with different electricity prices, the optimal operation strategy of energy storage power station is determined by the time-sharing electricity price, battery life characteristics and load characteristics of multiple stations. The case study shows that the current simple operation strategy is not the best.

Comparison of Characteristics of SCR-DeNO_x Catalyst for Gas-Turbine Units and Coal-Fired Units

LIU Zhitan, YAO Jie, ZHUANG Ke, YU Lemeng, ZHOU Kai

2021, 54(6):  145-152.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202011126

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Based on the comparison between gas-turbine units and coal-fired units in terms of the NO_x emission policy requirements and the characteristics of catalysts in SCR process, this paper expounds the importance of SCR-DeNO_x application in gas turbine units and analyses the difference in the features of SCR-DeNO_x catalyst, such as layout, structure, composition and DeNO_x efficiency. The study results show that due to the low flue gas temperature, high baseline oxygen content, low NO_x, SO₂ and dust contents in the inlet flue gas, the catalysts are generally arranged in the waste heat boiler after the medium pressure evaporator in the gas turbine units with the designed DeNO_x efficiency between 30% and 70%, suitable for the implementation of loose ammonia escape control strategies. Their pore quantities per unit are generally higher than 40×40 and shorter than 350 mm. The contents of active components (V₂O₅) and promoter components (WO₃) are significantly higher than that of coal-fired flue gas DeNO_x catalysts. Moreover, due to the slow decay rate of chemical deactivation and mechanical damage of the catalysts in gas turbine SCR process, a longer service life is expected for the catalysts. At last, the detection methods for the catalyst of gas turbine SCR process shall be different from the traditional methods for the catalyst in coal-fired unit SCR process under current standards.

Analysis on PM_2.5 Emission Characteristics of Wet Desulfurization System

DU Zhen, WANG Zhidong, JIANG Jianping, ZHU Yue

2021, 54(6):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202003232

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In order to systematically analyze the emission characteristics of PM_2.5 at the outlet of wet desulfurization system(WFGD), based on the on-site test of the particulate matter(PM) and PM_2.5 at the exit of WFGD in 26 ultra-low emission units, the effects of inlet PM concentration, flue gas flow rate, liquid gas ratio, pH value and droplet concentration on the PM_2.5 emission at the outlet of WFGD are investigated. The measurement results indicate that the proportion of PM_2.5 to PM surges with the decrease of mass concentration for PM. PM_2.5 emission coefficient increases with the increase of flue gas flow rate, liquid gas ratio, pH value or droplet concentration for absorption tower. The increase rate of PM_2.5 emission coefficient is higher than the increase rate of flue gas flow rate, liquid gas ratio and pH value, but it is basically consistent with the increase rate of droplet concentration. Which shows that droplet concentration has a direct impact on PM_2.5 emission coefficient, ant the key to reduce PM_2.5 emission factor is to control droplet concentration in WFGD.

Optimal Decision-making Model for Power Grid Maintenance Scheduling Considering Comprehensive Supply-Demand Factors

LIU Hui, JIANG Qianjun, GUI Qianjin, WANG Lei, TIAN Hongqiang, WANG Jingjing, YANG Hejun

2021, 54(6):  159-167.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202003202

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Power grid outage decision-making for maintenance significantly affects the power supply reliability and customer’s satisfactions. The actual maintenance schedule for power grid is subjected to the subjective experience decision-making which is suitable for single maintenance outage plan. However, this method is difficult to achieve the optimal decision-making for multiple outage events, and the existing scheme only considers reducing the amount of outage power, instead of the interests of both the maintenance side and the user side. Therefore, we propose an optimal decision-making method for multiple outage events with consideration of the comprehensive supply-demand factors. Firstly, an outage decision-making model is established for optimal power grid maintenance scheduling with consideration of multiple outage events. In this model, the multi-objective function is constructed with minimized power outage (at grid side), minimized disappointment degree of user’s power consumption (user side) and maximized difference degree of equipment outage time (maintenance side), and the constraints of outage power and special events are used as constraint functions. Secondly, in order to improve the optimization efficiency, a single-objective function optimization model is constructed for optimal power grid outage decision-making based on the proportional coefficient method. Thirdly, a fitness optimization model is constructed based on the penalty function, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimal outage decision-making problem. Finally, a real power grid case is used for simulation analysis, which has verified the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.

Investigation of Key Causes for Power Grid Safety Events Based on Grey Correlation Analysis

JIANG Shiyan, WANG Yanqing, XU Yuefeng, FENG Jie, SUN Qingqing, CHEN Hong, ZHANG Zhicheng, YU Lei, MOU Sinan

2021, 54(6):  168-174,198.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202006215

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Investigation and study of the influencing factors for power grid safety events and their controlling measures has become a hot issue to prevent power grid safety events. In order to reveal the mechanism of power grid safety events, an analysis is made of the key cause factors for power grid safety events in China by means of qualitative analysis and grey correlation analysis based on accident causation theory. It is found that the influencing factors for power safety events mainly include subject factors(cognitive factor, behavior factor and physical factor), process factors(organization atmosphere factor and organization process factor), object factors (low equipment reliability factor and lax equipment management factor) and situational factors(operational factor and non-operational environmental factor). Grey correlation analysis shows that the cause factors for power grid events can be divided into red risk factor (r≥0.8), orange warning factor (0.7≤r＜0.8) and yellow pre-warning factor (r＜0.7), of which the factors of organization atmosphere factor, cognitive factor and behavior factor are the key cause factors for power grid events. In the end, some policy proposals are put forward for power grid safety event management to strengthen power grid safety in China.

Coupling Relationship Between Wind Power Grid-connected Power and DC Transmission Power with DC Block Fault

QIE Zhaohui, LI Zhaowei, WANG Weizhou, LI Wei, KE Xianbo

2021, 54(6):  175-182.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202001069

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China's primary energy production bases and load centers are inversely distributed and the renewable energy of the production base cluster is delivered through UHVDC cluster, so the coupling characteristics of wind power and DC are complex in the power grid with high renewable energy penetration. Firstly, an analytical model is established to study the coupling relationship between wind power and DC in power grid frequency and voltage. Secondly, according to the maximum frequency-deviation tolerance of power grid, the frequency coupling characteristics of wind power and DC are calculated. Thirdly, according to the constraint of the total trip-off of wind power transient overvoltage under DC blocking fault, the wind power transient voltage rise at the grid-connected point is derived, and the relationship between the transient voltage rise and the trip-off quantity is calculated. The coupling relationship of transient overvoltage between DC and wind power is thus obtained. Theoretic analysis shows that wind power is negatively associated with DC, and simulation of the relationship between the transmission capacity of the Qinhai-Henan DC project and the grid-connected power of adjacent wind power based on the data of the Northwest China Power Grid in 2020 verifies the correctness of the theoretical derivation.

Demand Side Load Source Duality Modeling Method for Active Demand Response

AI Xin, XU Limin, LIU Huichuan, WANG Xueying, LIU Hongyang, LI Yizheng

2021, 54(6):  183-190.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202101045

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This paper takes the method of load source duality modeling for active demand response as the theme, analyzes the research results of load source duality modeling at home and abroad from the perspective of flexible resources participating in grid dispatching on demand side. According to the research object division, LFG (load follow generation) model is divided into general load, energy storage equipment, distributed energy and its combination, and it can model and optimize load response The paper expounds the target, constraint, scheduling method and control mode, and expounds that the load following generation mode can realize the active demand response, optimize the load curve, alleviate the dispatching pressure on the power generation side, and promote the consumption of renewable energy.

Research on Operation and Maintenance Mode of Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Power Station Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

ZHENG Yunan, XIA Zhehui, LUO Yi, CHEN Yaohong, ZHOU Lixing, PENG Juncheng

2021, 54(6):  191-198.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202101142

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Photovoltaic (PV) poverty alleviation, as an important part of poverty alleviation by developing industries in China, is crucial to targeted poverty alleviation in the new era. In recent years, China's PV poverty alleviation has been booming, but there are problems in many areas, such as operation and maintenance difficulties, and a lack of operation and maintenance in many areas, which seriously affect the effect of poverty alleviation. For this reason, this paper analyzes the main problems in the operation and maintenance of PV poverty alleviation power stations, and the influencing factors of various operation and maintenance modes. With the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, a hierarchical structure model of selecting the operation and maintenance mode of PV power stations is built to calculate the weight of each influencing factor and obtain the best selection scheme. On this basis, the regional intelligent operation and maintenance mode based on the Internet is proposed, providing a new idea for the operation and maintenance of PV poverty alleviation and the development of distributed PV.

Adaptive Full-Duplex and Half-Duplex Power Line Relay and Power Optimization Allocation Algorithm

CHEN Zhixiong, ZENG Honghai, HAN Dongsheng

2021, 54(6):  199-207.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.201909079

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In order to improve the long-distance communication capability, power line communication currently mainly adopts a two-slot half-duplex relay technology. Full-duplex technology can improve the spectral efficiency and solve electromagnetic interference problems of the system, but its performance is prone to be affected by self-interference. The paper proposes a full-duplex and half-duplex adaptive power line relay algorithm and analyzes its system performance. Based on the power line channel model of lognormal fading and Bernoulli-Gaussian impulse noise, the signal processing process of different duplex and adaptive relay steps are given. Then, using Gauss-Hermite transform and sub-regional integration, the outage probability in different duplex modes is derived. After that, the reliability of the theoretical formula is verified by Monte Carlo simulation. The impact of duplex mode, self-interference, relay location, power and channel parameters on system performance are analyzed. Finally, the optimal power allocation value is obtained by the sequential quadratic programming.

On-Line Monitoring of Soil and Water Conservation for UHV Project Based on LabVIEW

LEI Lei, WAN Hao, BAI Xiaochun, LIU Shixiang, WANG Shaojun, WANG Liang, FAN Chuang, LI Haoyang

2021, 54(6):  208-214.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202003190

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Soil and water conservation monitoring is a precondition for the completion and acceptance of water and soil conservation engineering of transmission and transformation projects. With the China’s fast construction of UHV and other transmission and transformation projects, which is characterized with numerous and scattered points for soil and water conservation monitoring, the monitoring work quantity for data collection, data monitoring, data release, network transmission, and in-depth analysis and processing is enormously large. Therefore, an on-line monitoring system based on the LabVIEW software platform is proposed, which has such functions as meteorological information and soil erosion modulus monitoring, data collection and storage, data transmission and data management. With this system, the online real-time acquisition and post-analysis processing of soil erosion modulus and meteorological data can be achieved, and the variation rate of meteorology and soil erosion within a longer period of time can be clearly obtained with high accuracy. The system has been successfully applied to Zhangbei 1000 kV substation for real-time soil and water conservation monitoring.