Table of Content

18 November 2014, Volume 47 Issue 11

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Generation Technology

The Analysis and Improvement of Steam-Driven Pump Multistage Water Sealing for 1 000-MW Ultra Supercritical Units

LI Da-cai

2014, 47(11):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.1.3

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In order to reduce the faults of multistage water sealing in the steam-driven pump for 1 000-MW ultra supercritical units, such as lubrication oil seeping into the water feeding system, water leakage in the pump lubrication oil system, vacuum leakage and frequent overflow, etc., based on the study on steam-driven pump, sealing water and the further research on multistage water seal, the solutions to the faults are put forward, which will ensure the long-term secure, reliable and economic operation of the units. The solutions can also provide valuable references for the units of the similar type.

The Analysis of Karman Vortex of Hydraulic Turbine Stay Vane Based on Vortex Dynamics and Study of Dovetail Modification

WANG Dong, ZHANG Si-qing, ZHANG Yun-long

2014, 47(11):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.5.4

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The Karman vortex shedding is closely related to the shape of the trailing edge of vane. In order to study the effects of the dovetail trailing edge of stay vanes on vortex shedding, the vorticity field of the stay vane is analyzed in this article to find out the general rules of vortex motion by using vortex dynamics. Numerical simulation of Francis turbine’s tandem cascade is conducted with the vorticity field of the original and dovetail stay vanes and the pressure pulsations are then compared. The simulation results show that in comparison to the original vane, the vorticity value and pressure pulsation of the dovetail stay vane wake are relatively less. The split angle extends the vortex motion distance, limits the growth space of new vortexes and lowers the energy of vortexes. The dovetail trailing edge of the stay vane has an inhibitory effect on vortex shedding, which weakens the damage capability of vortexes.

Analysis and Control of Unstable Vibration of 600-MW Generator Rotors

WEI Ji-long, DU Jun-wen, LIU Jun-han, TANG Zhi-hui, XU Wei-guang

2014, 47(11):  10-13.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.10.3

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The bearing-pad vibration and shaft vibration of a 600-MW hydrogen-cooled generator rotor of a power plant have been keeping on intensifying with increasing unit loading since its operation. Through the tests of the active power variation, rotor current variation and hydrogen temperature variation, the main cause of the vibration is figured out that new mass imbalance is generated by heat distortion at the end component of the generator rotor due to the poor manufacturing process. Consequently, the third-order vibration occurs, which causes the vibration to become severer. The amplitude and phase of the heat distortion are calculated and in consideration of the vibration balance under the cold and hot states, the vibration of the generator rotor is harnessed effectively by adding weights at the end of the generator rotor.

Reliability Analysis and Improvement of Furnace Inlet Flame Detector in Power Plants

HUA Guo-jun, SUN Chang-sheng, GUO Wei-Min, DING Jun-hong, WANG Hui

2014, 47(11):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.14.5

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In order to understand the operation problems of flame detection systems, exchange the troubleshooting experiences, and explore the measures to improve the system operation reliability, the survey on the operation of furnace flame detection system in power plants is conducted and summarized by the Thermodynamic Automation Technical Committee of Power Industry. Through comparison of the performance, technical characteristics and practical application reliabilities of different flame detection systems it is concluded that the split flame detection system outperforms the integrated flame detection system. After the discussions on the solutions to the detected problems, cautions on flame detection system maintenance are issued. Finally, suggestions on the topics for further studies are put forward for reference.

Research and Applications on the Technical Enhancement of Turbine Performance in Thermal Power Plant

GAO Deng-pan, NIU Zhi-jun, CHENG Dai-jing, ZHU Xiao-ling

2014, 47(11):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.20.5

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Since the thermal power generating enterprises are characterized as “technology intensive” industries considering the prominent contradictions in the current development of the enterprises, this paper expounds the existing problems in the steam turbine units and proposes the direction of improving the overall performance as well as the technical ideas, routes, methods and plans to implement comprehensive retrofits on the basis of corresponding theories. Taking the actual application for example, the paper also presents the way to use logic analysis to determine the cause of the problems, put forward feasible reformation measures and solutions, and put into the implementation to reach significant achievements.

Research and Improvement of Superheater Spray Desuperheating Control in 300-MW Units

ZHENG Wei, ZHAO Meng

2014, 47(11):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.26.3

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During the spray desuperheating control of the main steam temperature of a 300-MW unit, uneven spraying, frequent equipment faults and control failure on temperature disturbance exist, which severely affects the reliability and economy of the unit operation. In order to improve the control level of the main steam temperature, the temperature difference control and the self-adaptation control are applied, integral saturation resistance function and derivative feedforward logic are enhanced and the field equipment is improved. The adoption of these methods results in better spray desuperheating control. The unit operation indicates that the optimization and improvement have reached the expected goal and made the whole unit safer and more efficient.

Discussion on Turbine Oil Quality Maintenance in Service from Bearing Bush Erosion in Unit

DONG Ye, WANG Xiao-wei

2014, 47(11):  30-33.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.30.3

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The analysis and detection on turbine oil for Unit 4 are carried out in consideration of the bearing bush erosion in a power plant. It concludes from the analysis and detection that the turbine oil quality deterioration and bearing bush erosion are mainly caused by the heated and oxidized oil in operation. Another cause is the poor thermal oxidation stability of the new oil. Therefore, multi-aspect discussion on the maintenance of turbine oil quality in service is taken, which includes strict new oil exam, unit overhaul enhancement, lubricating oil system defects elimination and the oil supervision and maintenance improvement to. The discussion is toenhance the oil management and maintenance, and ensure the safety and economy of the unit operation.

Revision and Improvement on the System of Commissioning Standards for PWR Nuclear Power Plant in China

KE Lei-lei, CHEN Jun, CAO Cong-min, QIN Yan-feng, WANG Kun

2014, 47(11):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.34.5

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Although the system framework of the commissioning standards for PWR nuclear power plants in China has been established, during the practical application it seems not yet perfect for the industry. The topics on revision and improvement of the system are still quite popular. Based on the research of the related systems in the countries at the leading edge of nuclear power industry, such as USA and France, as well as the existing system both for PWR nuclear power plants and conventional power plants in China, in this paper some suggestions are proposed on the revision and improvement to the existing issues, and also a high-level system design framework and related key points are provided.

Power System

Design and Engineering Practice of Substation Grounding

LI Qian, ZHANG Bo

2014, 47(11):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.40.5

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In order to meet the requirements for grounding grid to adapt to developments of power system, the security analysis is becoming the basis of grounding grid design. Taking the design and construction of a typical 220 kV substation with high soil resistivity as an example, based on field measurement and lab simulation, the relationship between the security of grounding grid and investment budget on different stages is analyzed and both security and economic factors are considered into the grounding design. On the premise that the parameters of the grounding grid, such as potential rise of conductors, field potential difference, field step voltage and touch voltage, satisfy the requirements of primary and secondary devices for operating and personal safety, the choice of design values of grounding impedances should be scientific to achieve the economy improvement. Accordingly, the balance of safety and economy of the design is obtained. The method of grounding grid design based on safety and economic analysis is thus developed.

Simulation Analysis on the Lightning Invading Wave Performance for Airport CCHP System

LUO Ri-cheng, HU Zong-yu, CHEN Guan-jun, ZHANG Sheng, ZHANG Wei, LI Wen

2014, 47(11):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.46.6

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Distributed combined cooling heating and power (DES/CCHP) will be an important direction of power system development. With the increase of scale and capacity of the combined cooling heating and power system and integrating operation, the system safety becomes increasingly prominent. The lightning invasion wave can be one of the important factors which may influence the safety and stable operation of cogeneration station. An analysis is made on the electrical structure of CCHP cogeneration system in large civil airports. The ATP/EMTP software is used to simulate the overvoltage generated by a lightning invasion wave generated on the associated electrical equipment, and to analyze the impacts of different factors such as lightning strike point, the impulse grounding resistance and the arrester location on the overvoltage caused by lightning invasion wave. A solution scheme is proposed to install surge arrester in the low-voltage equipment side, which can provide a reference for the improvement of the lightning protection design for the union station.

Analysis on the De-icing Technology of Coupled Resonance for High Voltage Transmission Line

LV Xi-feng, HE Qing, ZHAO Xiao-tong

2014, 47(11):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.53.5

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Development of de-icing technology for high voltage transmission line is a guarantee for the safe operation of power grid. In order to improve the de-icing efficiency of transmission lines, a local coupling resonance-based de-icing method is proposed in this paper. The focus of this study is put on the dynamic characteristics analysis of the iced wires and the experimental test. The resonance frequency of the cylindrical, oval and fan shaped glaze conductors are calculated, and the resonance-induced stress distribution in the iced area is investigated. A comparison with tested results shows that the resonance-induced stress of constraint section is greater than the crushing strength of ice, which validates the efficiency and feasibility of the method and can provide a theoretical basis for the de-icing technology of coupling resonance for transmission lines.

Magnetic Field Measurement and Simulation in the Tower Window of Cup-Tower of Extra-high Voltage AC Transmission Line

TANG Bo, ZHU Jian-xiong, FANG Shu-bo, ZHANG Gong-da, ZHANG Rui

2014, 47(11):  59-63.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.59.4

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Currently, cup-tower is the main support structure for extra-high voltage AC transmission lines. Magnetic intensity varies in different locations along the tower window for the running lines. With the development of live working in extra-high voltage AC transmission lines, higher request is put forward for the operator with live working in tower. As ferromagnetic material may distort the distribution of magnetic intensity, in order to identify the magnetic field level around the tower and understand the influence of magnetic intensity on the workers working in tower window, the magnetic intensity of several typical points in the cup-tower’s window of a 500 kV AC line is measured and a similation of the distribution level of magnetic intensity at the same points is conducted. The results show that measured values are well coincided to the simulation results, and the level of distribution of magnetic intensity is far less than the occupational exposed value proposed by ICNIRP. So there is no need to take protective measures against the magnetic field during live working on 500 kV AC transmission lines.

Improved Algorithm on Wide Range Positioning for Partial Discharge in Substation

LIU Huai-dong, WU He, WANG Xi-ran, LI Qing, WANG Cheng-fei

2014, 47(11):  64-69.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.64.5

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This paper proposes an improved positioning algorithm of electrical partial discharge applied for substations. The algorithm is based on the received signal strength of indication(RSSI) and replenishes beacon nodes by considering practical condition of the sensors. Compared with traditional trilateral weighting positioning algorithm, the proposed algorithm can improve the positioning accuracy by calculating the weighting results of the indefinite quantitative positioning perpendicular bisector and trilateral districts. This model considers the reality that the height of electrical discharge spots differentiates from the height of the plane formed by beacon nodes (signal sensors). The experimental result indicates that the revised positioning model proposed in this paper can effectively fit the condition of monitoring hardware and has higher positioning accuracy than the traditional trilateral positioning.

Load Characteristics Analysis and Forecast of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Power Grid

FAN Hao, XIE Guo-hui

2014, 47(11):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.70.4

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Paying attention to the influence of economic development level and energy sources distribution on the loading characteristics of power grid will help to adjust and formulate corresponding power consumption plans, reasonably schedule power generation, lower power generation cost and and ensure safe and reliable power supply. In this paper, the annual growth trend and monthly fluctuations of electric power demand in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Power Grid from year 2005 to 2013 is investigated, and the load of typical days in summer and winter are analyzed. Furthermore, based on an analysis of the variation and adjustment of the country’s economic policy, the power demand and electric power consumption characteristics from year 2014 to 2016 are forecasted. The above information will provide a reference for electric energy consumption planning, demand side management and formulating policy on energy saving and emission reduction.

Evaluation Method of Line Loss Rate in Electric Power Grid

CHEN Shi-fang, CHEN Zhe, ZHANG Xiao-lin

2014, 47(11):  75-78.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.75.3

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Line loss rate is an important synthetic technical economical index of power supply enterprises. Line loss is an important synthetic technoeconomic indicator for power suppy enterprises. Based on the theory of divider line loss rate, a new method, i.e., the percentage of electric energy consumption evaluation method, is proposed for evaluation of line loss rate by using equivalent relations. It is proved that the proposed method is easy, quick and simple, and applicable to the provincial-, prefecture- and county-level power supply enterprises. With the proposed method, the problem of ineffective evaluation of online loss rate between different grids can be solved.

New Enery

Review of Emulated Inertial Response Control Technology of DFIG-based Wind Turbine Generator

YANG Lie-luan, DING Kun, WANG Ning-bo

2014, 47(11):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.79.4

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Inertial response can be implemented on wind turbine generator (WTG) equipped with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) via emulated control strategies to mitigate frequency deviation during power system transient process. Three types of emulated inertial response control strategies are reviewed in this paper. The first is to introduce frequency deviation or its derivative in the MPPT control strategy, and process it with emulated inertial control loop and output the supplemental control reference value of DFIG-WTG’s torque or active power. The second method provides short-time over production instead of MPPT control to emulate inertial response. The last method is to utilize flux magnitude and angle control(FMAC) strategy to operate DFIG-WTG in the way of synchronous generator, a different control strategy from traditional vector control. By setting reasonable parameters, the three methods mentioned above can effectively utilize the rotor’s kinetic energy.

Research on Monitoring Network Routing Reconstruction Method in Distributed PV Generation System

LIU Zhen, FU Zhi-xin, YUAN Yue, ZHAO Min, LI Qiao-mu

2014, 47(11):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.84.4

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The wireless monitoring technology can be used to build a flexible and reliable monitoring network for the distributed photovoltaic (DPV) generation system. A method is proposed in this paper based on Grade Diffusion for constructing the monitoring network routing.In view of the data loss problem of monitoring network transmission caused by the invalid nodes,a method of monitoring network routing reconstruction is proposed based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization(BPSO). By replacing a small number of nodes, the maximum number of reconstructed routing paths will be achieved. The results of simulation show that the proposed method can effectively solve the data loss problem of transmission for the monitoring network, and improve the operation reliability of monitoring network.

Research on the Field Test Method for the Capacity of Energy Storage Lithium Battery Cluster

CHEN Hao, WANG Hai-bin, LI Na, BAI Kai, LIU Han-min, LI Zhi

2014, 47(11):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.89.5

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Energy storage lithium battery cluster is made up by a large number of batteries in series or in parallel. Due to its high voltage, large current and high capacity, the energy storage lithium battery cluster cannot be tested for capacity by EV battery module. This paper introduces the definition of energy storage lithium battery cluster capacity, discusses the influences of the charge-discharge rate, ambient temperature, charging and discharging cut-off voltage on the capacity test of the lithium battery cluster, and compares the test standards for lithium battery capacity. Finally, a novel universal field capacity testing method is proposed for energy storage lithium battery cluster according tothe field capacity testing methods of several manufacturers, which will be helpful for the maintenance of energy storage batteries.

Research on Joint Dispatch of Wind-Storage-Thermal System Based on Improved Bacterial Colony Chemotaxis Algorithm

HAN Hua-rong, ZHANG Jing, XU Jing-jie, FAN Zhen-nan

2014, 47(11):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.95.5

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Wind power has the characteristics of randomness and volatility. When integrated to the grid, the wind power brings a high risk to the dispatcher. With consideration of the randomness of wind power output and the peak load shifting characteristics of pumped storage power station, a day-ahead generation plan can be made by simulating the wind power fluctuations scene. The hour-ahead scheduling model can be introduced to amend each unit output so as to establish optimal scheduling model of the wind-storage-fire joint system. Meanwhile, the improved bacterial colony chemotaxis algorithm is then introduced to solve the model. Finally, IEEE-10 crew Benchmarks simulation is applied for the analysis. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and rationality of the optimal scheduling models, and can provide a theoretical reference for scheduling the dispatching scheme of the power system containing wind power and pumped storage.

Remote Control and Operation of Reactive Power for Medium and Large Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Plants Based on Phase Modulation Inverter Control

WANG Yang, ZHA Zheng-fa, YU Wei, CHI Feng-quan, XIE Zhen-jian, XU Wen-chao

2014, 47(11):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.101.6

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The integration of large and medium-sized pv power station to the power grid brings a big problem and new challenges to the stability and scheduling of electric power system. The successful development and application of reactive remote-dispatching operation technology based on phase-modulation control of the inverter will totally change the traditional conception of reactive power compensation for pv power station. It has been theoretically and practically confirmed that the pv power station installed with the converter can meet the demand of national standards (GB/T 19964-2012 “Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power station to power system”), and extra SVCs or SVGs are not needed, and the reactive power generation range and the dynamic response time of this kind of pv power station are good enough to meet the demand of power grid on integration of new power sources. It will save large amount of investment for buliding expensive pv power stations, and avoid power loss in running reactive compensation devices.

Optimized Condition Based Maintenance for Gearbox of Wind Turbine Based on Time-delay

ZHANG Lu-peng, ZHAO Hong-shan

2014, 47(11):  108-111.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.108.3

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Wind turbine always runs in harsh environments. Failure happens frequently, especially in gearbox, which may result in high maintenance costs for wind farm. In view of the above problems, an optimized condition based maintenance strategy based on time-delay is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the proportional hazards function and reliability function are determined based on time-delay by utilizing failure data and monitoring data of vibration signals. Then the optimized condition based maintenance threshold is obtained by minimizing the long-run expected cost rate. Finally, condition based maintenance action is implemented according to this threshold. Through the simulation of a certain wind farm, The optimal threshold and maintenance strategy are obtained. The simulation result has verified the effectiveness of the strategy in avoiding excessive and insufficient maintenance and saving maintenance costs.

Smart Grid

Analysis and Treatment of Process-Level Network Storm in Smart Substation

HUANG Tian-xiao, LIU Ping, XIN Guang-ming, WANG Pei-ran, WANG Yuan

2014, 47(11):  112-115.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.112.3

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A healthy process-level network is a necessary precondition to ensure the normal operation and function of a smart substation. Network storm has negative impacts on the information transmission and equipment in the station, consequently harming the normal operation of substation. In this paper, the transmission speeds of GOOSE packets and SV packets in smart substation network are calculated based on their different structures. The mechanism of the network storm is analyzed and the corresponding impact is also estimated. By taking a network storm in a real substation for case study, the network storm was detected by analyzing the packets in the network recorder and checking connections between switches.The solution to network storm is to disconnect the redundant connections and the failed devices. Finally, it is proposed that packages check, VLAN technology and STP protocol are measures against network storm.

Research on Grounding Fault Protection of Neutral Non-effective Grounding System in Smart Substation

LIU Jian-hua, LIU Peng, ZHANG Shao-ran, YUAN Hang, WANG Dong

2014, 47(11):  116-120.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.116.4

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Grounding fault protection is an important part of power system protections. Conventional grounding fault protection device has many problems, such as limited available information, slow response, complex algorithm and low reliability, which seriously affect the quality of power supply and operational efficiency. However, smart substation offers a new way to solve the problem of single-phase grounding protection. Based on multi-intelligent substations, a regional centralized control smart power supply system was built, the information was shared through GOOSE network, and a fault identification and isolation system was also established, which can make the information concentratedly processed and comprehensively judged. Based on the intelligent control technology for peer to peer data exchange among distributed terminals, the principle of zero sequence full current power direction was put forward, the criterion of single-phase grounding protection based on multi-criterion and the key technologies of GOOSE network transmission was addressed, which can ensure the selectivity and reliability of single-phase grounding protection, and effectively solve the traditional problems and provide a theoretical foundation for multi-criteria relay protection of smart Substation.

Power Planning

Comprehensive Benefit Analysis of the Electric Vehicle Development in Shanghai

SHI Quan-sheng, LIU Ye, SUN Bo

2014, 47(11):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.121.5

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Due to the environmental and energy problem becomes increasingly serious, the development of the electric vehicle is gradually becoming one of the focus question of the country .In order to guide the development of electric vehicle in Shanghai power grid regional, this paper established the mode for electric vehicle to energy saving and reduce emissions. On the basis of the mode,analysis the energy conservation and emissions reduction benefits of Shanghai in three stages. Meanwhile, the electric vehicle act as a scheduling resources in the grid, different scheduling mode will bring different influence to the power grid, and then analysis The typical daily load in 2015. The results show that,reasonable scheduling of the electric car can not only smooth the load curve,but also improve the reliability and economy of the power grid. At the same time, it can effectively save them non-renewable energy and reduce the emission of greenhouse gas CO₂, and has a good environmental benefits.

Research on Sensitivity Analytical Model of Life Cycle Cost for Power Grid Planning

SU Wei-hua, GUAN Jun, YANG Yi-juan, LI Qian-yu, GAO Ci-wei

2014, 47(11):  127-133.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.127.6

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Based on establishment of the life-cycle cost model of power grid planning schemes, this paper studies the analysis and calculation of the reliability cost, and proposes a solution method for the demand-side unit power outage cost of residential customers. In the end, a sensitivity analytical model for life-cycle cost is proposed which can be used to compare the impacts of different factors on the life-cycle cost of power grid planning schemes.

Coordination Evaluation between Power Grid Construction and Social Economic Development

WU Hong-liang, CHEN Ying, WANG Ling

2014, 47(11):  134-139.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.134.5

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The major issue of promoting the coordination between power grid construction and social economic development is important in the construction of the power grid. In this paper, index system of social economy development and power grid construction are firstly established. Then comprehensive evaluation model is built with fuzzy integral and the coordination evaluation model is developed. The evaluation takes“Eleventh five-year” of the city of A as an example, result shows that the model can solve the evaluating problem of the coordination between power grid construction and social economic development and has good maneuverability. The result is objective and scientific.

Study on the Energy Internet Technology Framework

ZHOU Hai-ming, LIU Guang-yi, LIU Chao-qun

2014, 47(11):  140-144.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.140.4

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In order to increase the utilization proportion of renewable energy and reduce environmental pollution at the same time, the energy technology framework, which matches the level of energy supply technology and the future energy resource constraints, are studied in this paper. Compared with the traditional energy supply system, the “Energy Internet” technology architecture, which is based on advanced information technology, can give full play to the technology advantages of comprehensive engergy utilization and load-side interaction, and globally optimize energy supply and consumption and improve the overall energy utilization efficiency.

Macro-Analysis Approaches of Power Grids Utilization Level and A Case Study on Japan

HE Bo, LI Li-li, ZHANG Yi-bin, HU Bo

2014, 47(11):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.145.4

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The analysis on the macro statistic data of the power industry of a country or a region can reveal the historical development of power grids utilization and the relationship between the utilization level and the electric demand growth of the whole society. This article proposes a set of indicators of the power grids utilization level and the estimation approaches on these indicators, as well as a set of development elastic coefficients which demonstrate the relationship between the growth rates of power grids and electric demands. To verify the applicability of these indicators, the article also analyses the historical data of the power industry of Japan between 1963 and 2011 through plotting the historical curves, and studies the development of the power grids in Japan from the aspect of grids utilization. The results show that the power grids in Japan developed ahead of the economy in a specific period, and the utilization level is quite different between the power grids of different voltages, and the power grids utilization levels are strongly affected by the economic development and fluctuations.

Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

Potential Capabilities of Pollutant Reduction and Environmental Benefits from Ultra-Low Emissions of Coal-Fired Power Plants

WANG Lin-qing, ZHU Fa-hua, ZHAO Xiu-yong

2014, 47(11):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.150.4

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For those coal-fired generating units using low-sulfur coal with the advanced air pollutant control technologies and equipments applied, it is feasible to implement ultra-low emission technique of major air pollutant reductions no matter whether they are newly built or retrofitted units. Compared with the pollutant emissions of the existing coal-fired power plants in the Yangtze river delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the SO₂, NO_x, dust and primary PM_2.5 emissions of the corresponding power plants which would have ultra-low emission retrofit implemented will be reduced by more than 90% and the SO₃ emissions will be reduced by about 70%. Taking Jiangsu Province for example, the quantitive analysis on the PM_2.5 caused by air pollutant emissions of the power plants in the major cities of the province in 2012 is simulated with the MM5 and CULPUFF coupling model. The results show that the maximum contribution to the daily average concentration of the cities is between 27.3~42.9 μg/m³ with an average of 35.28 μg/m³, of which the secondary PM_2.5 accounts for 87.4%. After the implementation of ultra-low emission retrofit, the maximum contribution to the daily average concentration is between 6.2~12.5 g/m³, with an average of 9.43 μg/m³, of which, the secondary PM_2.5 accounts for 91.7%.

Study on the Bottom-up Estimation Methodology of Carbon Mitigation of China’s Power Sector

HUO Mo-lin, XING Lu, SHAN Bao-guo, JIA De-xiang

2014, 47(11):  155-160.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2014.11.155.5

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An estimation methodology and equations are created for evaluating the carbon mitigation potential of each mitigation technology in China’s power sector. In order to make the results repeatable and comparable, a bottom-up estimation is made of the mitigation potential in 2015, 2020, 2030, compared to the potential in 2005 when the technology is freezed. In this way, the key mitigation technologies are identified. The results show that the carbon emissions per power production in 2030 will decrease by 38% compared to 2005 under the planning scenario, reaching the current average level of developed countries. Under the enhanced scenario, because of the enhancd mitigation of nuclear, wind, CCS, PV, hydro, gas and(ultra)-supercritical, the emission intensity in 2030 can decrease by 53%, reaching the current advanced level of developed countries. In both of the two scenarios, the hydro, nuclear, on-shore wind and biomass contribute the most to the mitigation.