基于故障性质识别参与的有源配电网故障快速恢复策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高比例新能源接入给配电网运行方式带来了较大影响，同时也对配电网故障恢复策略提出了更高要求。传统重合闸装置无法对故障性质进行有效判别，可能导致电力系统在重合闸操作时承受不必要的二次故障冲击。提出自适应重合闸，并让自适应重合闸参与有源配电网故障快速恢复策略。首先，分析断路器跳闸后下游孤岛的故障特性，构造了故障性质识别的两种判据；其次，分析故障检测时间、重合闸时间二者的时序配合问题，提出适用于高比例新能源接入的配电网故障恢复策略；最后，通过仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性，所提方法可以在保证分布式电源不脱网的前提下加快系统供电恢复。

关键词: 配电网, 分布式电源, 故障性质识别

Abstract:

The high proportion of new energy access brings a large impact on the operation mode of the distribution network, and also puts forward higher requirements for the fault strategy of the distribution network. The traditional reclosing device can not effectively judge the nature of the fault, which may cause the power system to suffer unnecessary secondary fault impact during the re operation. The adaptive reclosing is proposed, and the adaptive reclosing is involved in the fault rapid recovery strategy of the active distribution network. Firstly, the fault characteristics of the island after the circuit breaker tripping are analyzed, and the two criteria of fault nature identification are constructed; secondly, the time sequence coordination problem of fault detection time and re time is analyzed, and the distribution network fault recovery strategy applicable to the high proportion of new energy access is proposed; finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation examples and the proposed method can speed up the system power supply recovery under the premise of ensuring that the distributed power supply does not fall off the network.

Key words: distribution network, distributed power generation, identification of the nature of the fault

叶远波, 王吉文, 邵庆祝, 平夏, 许明, 李文正. 基于故障性质识别参与的有源配电网故障快速恢复策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(11): 175-185.

YE Yuanbo, WANG Jiwen, SHAO Qingzhu, PING Xia, XU Ming, LI Wenzheng. Identify the Participating Active Distribution Network Fault Recovery Strategy Based on the Nature of the Fault[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(11): 175-185.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503051

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I11/175

图/表 27

图 1 低电压穿越条件要求

Fig.1 Requirements for low voltage crossing conditions

图 2 有源配电网系统结构

Fig.2 Distribution network system structure

图 3 故障消除前下游孤岛区域等值网络

Fig.3 Isometric network of downstream islands before fault elimination

图 4 故障消除后下游孤岛区域等值网络

Fig.4 Isometric network of downstream islands after the fault is eliminated

图 5 低阻A相接地短路故障电压

Fig.5 Low-impedance phase A phase ground short-circuit fault voltage

图 6 高阻A相接地短路故障电压

Fig.6 High-impedance phase A short-circuit fault voltage to ground

图 7 AB相间短路故障电压

Fig.7 Phase-to-phase short-circuit fault voltage of AB

图 8 瞬时性低阻AB接地短路故障电压

Fig.8 Instantaneous low-impedance AB short-circuit fault voltage to ground

图 9 永久性低阻AB接地短路故障电压

Fig.9 Faulty voltage of permanent low-impedance AB short-circuit to ground

图 10 瞬时性高阻BC接地短路故障电压

Fig.10 Instantaneous high-impedance BC short-circuit fault voltage to ground

图 11 永久性高阻BC接地短路故障电压

Fig.11 Faulty voltage of permanent high-impedance BC short-circuit to ground

图 12 瞬时性BC相间短路故障电压

Fig.12 Transient BC phase-to-phase short-circuit fault voltage

图 13 永久性BC相间短路故障电压

Fig.13 Faulty voltage of permanent BC phase-to-phase short-circuit

图 14 高阻接地及相间短路电压不平衡度

Fig.14 High-impedance grounding and phase-to-phase short-circuit voltage imbalance

图 15 故障性质识别流程

Fig.15 Flow of fault nature identification

图 16 配电网拓扑结构

Fig.16 Distribution network topology

图 17 故障恢复策略流程

Fig.17 Flow of the fault recovery strategy

表 1 不同故障类型仿真结果

Table 1 Simulation results of different fault types

故障类型	过渡电阻/Ω	检测时间/ms	检测结果	重合闸动作
瞬时性A相接地	5	40.4	瞬时性	重合闸
瞬时性A相接地	100	440	瞬时性	重合闸
永久性A相接地	5	340	永久性	闭锁重合闸
永久性A相接地	100	440	永久性	闭锁重合闸
瞬时性AB接地	5	45.6	瞬时性	重合闸
瞬时性AB接地	100	440	瞬时性	重合闸
永久性AB接地	5	340	永久性	闭锁重合闸
永久性AB接地	100	440	永久性	闭锁重合闸
瞬时性AB相间	5	440	瞬时性	重合闸
永久性AB相间	5	440	永久性	闭锁重合闸

表 2 不同故障位置仿真结果

Table 2 Simulation results of different fault locations

故障位置	故障类型	过渡电阻/Ω	检测时间/ms	检测结果	重合闸动作
$ {f_1} $	瞬时性A相接地	5	41.2	瞬时性	重合闸
	瞬时性A相接地	100	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	永久性A相接地	5	340	永久性	闭锁重合闸
	永久性A相接地	100	440	永久性	闭锁重合闸
	瞬时性AB相间	5	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	永久性AB相间	5	440	永久性	闭锁重合闸
$ {f_2} $	瞬时性A相接地	5	40.4	瞬时性	重合闸
	瞬时性A相接地	100	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	永久性A相接地	5	340	永久性	闭锁重合闸
	永久性A相接地	100	440	永久性	闭锁重合闸
	瞬时性AB相间	5	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	永久性AB相间	5	440	永久性	闭锁重合闸
$ {f_3} $	瞬时性A相接地	5	42.4	瞬时性	重合闸
	瞬时性A相接地	100	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	永久性A相接地	5	340	永久性	闭锁重合闸
	永久性A相接地	100	440	永久性	闭锁重合闸
	瞬时性AB相间	5	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	永久性AB相间	5	440	永久性	闭锁重合闸

表 3 不同过渡电阻下接地故障仿真结果

Table 3 Simulation results of ground faults under different transition resistors

故障类型	过渡电阻/Ω	检测时间/ms	检测结果	重合闸动作
瞬时性 A相接地	5	41.2	瞬时性	重合闸
	10	41.6	瞬时性	重合闸
	50	42.4	瞬时性	重合闸
	150	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	300	440	瞬时性	重合闸
瞬时性 AB接地	5	45.2	瞬时性	重合闸
	10	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	50	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	150	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	300	440	瞬时性	重合闸
瞬时性 AB相间	5	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	10	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	50	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	150	440	瞬时性	重合闸
	300	440	瞬时性	重合闸

表 4 自适应重合闸与传统重合闸性能比较

Table 4 Comparison of adaptive reclosing performance with traditional recloser

比较项	传统重合闸	自适应重合闸
重合闸延时	经1.2 s后延时	延时时间在40~440 ms
故障性质识别能力	不具备	可以判断故障是瞬时性还是永久性
DG脱网情况	大部分都脱网	DG可以保持并网运行

图 18 永久性低阻A相接地短路电压U22

Fig.18 Permanent low-impedance phase A phase ground short-circuit voltage U22

图 19 永久性低阻A相接地短路电压U33

Fig.19 Permanent low-impedance phase A phase ground short-circuit voltage U33

图 20 永久性高阻AB接地短路电压U22

Fig.20 Permanent high-impedance AB ground short-circuit voltage U22

图 21 永久性高阻AB接地短路电压U33

Fig.21 Permanent high-impedance AB ground short-circuit voltage U33

图 22 永久性AB相间短路电压U22

Fig.22 Permanent AB phase-to-phase short-circuit voltage U22

图 23 永久性AB相间短路电压U33

Fig.23 Permanent AB phase-to-phase short-circuit voltage U33

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