对称短路故障下直驱风电机组暂态过电压建模与分析

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202411040

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (4): 68-77, 97.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202411040

• 风电机组暂态运行控制与试验验证关键技术 • 上一篇下一篇

对称短路故障下直驱风电机组暂态过电压建模与分析

罗泓博(), 秦世耀(), 郭梓暄(), 李光辉()

可再生能源并网全国重点实验室（中国电力科学研究院有限公司），北京　100192

收稿日期:2024-11-11 录用日期:2025-02-09 发布日期:2025-04-23 出版日期:2025-04-28
作者简介:
罗泓博（2000），男，硕士研究生，从事风力发电与并网技术研究，E-mail：1762467770@qq.com
秦世耀（1977），男，通信作者，博士，高级工程师（教授级），从事新能源发电与并网技术、电机与电器研究，E-mail：qinsyao@126.com
郭梓暄（1992 ），男，博士，工程师，从事新能源并网控制技术研究，E-mail：guozixuan@epri.sgcc.com.cn
李光辉（1984 ），男，博士，高级工程师（教授级），从事新能源并网稳定性分析与控制技术研究，E-mail：liguanghui@epri.sgcc.com.cn
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司科技项目（大规模新能源适应弱电网的主动支撑标准化控制技术及实证，5108-202218280A-2-237-XG）。

Modeling and Analysis of Transient Overvoltage of Direct Drive Wind Turbine Under Symmetrical Faults

LUO Hongbo(), QIN Shiyao(), GUO Zixuan(), LI Guanghui()

National Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Grid-Integration (China Electric Power Research Institute), Beijing 100192, China

Received:2024-11-11 Accepted:2025-02-09 Online:2025-04-23 Published:2025-04-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by Science and Technology Project of SGCC (Standardized Control Technology and Demonstration for Active Support of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Adapting to Weak Grids, No.5108-202218280A-2-237-XG).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大型新能源基地通常采用特高压交/直流输电系统送出模式，汇集地区电网强度弱，短路故障后易出现暂态过电压问题，亟须开展风电机组短路故障暂态过电压解析模型研究。首先，基于永磁直驱式风电机组的典型控制与电压穿越策略，建立了弱电网中送出线路远端对称短路故障后的暂态电压模型，通过研究故障点电压所对应的并网点暂态电压分量，揭示了故障电压瞬间恢复后，机组并网点存在暂态过电压风险。其次，提出一种适用于暂态过电压分析的二阶简化模型，明确了简化模型阻尼比是决定过电压峰值大小的关键因素，并通过时域分析求解出并网点过电压峰值表达式，定量分析了暂态过电压的影响因素。最后，依托控制硬件在环实时仿真实验平台，验证了所提暂态过电压简化模型的适用性以及暂态过电压的主导因素影响。

关键词: 风电并网系统, 暂态过电压, 并网点电压解析, 电网电压前馈系数, 电网强度

Abstract:

Large-scale wind power bases typically adopt UHVAC/UHVDC transmission systems for power export, with weak grid strength in the collection area. After short-circuit faults, transient overvoltage issues are prone to occur, making it urgent to study the analytical model of transient overvoltage during short-circuit faults in wind turbine generators. Firstly, a transient voltage model after a symmetrical short-circuit fault at the remote end of the transmission line in a weak grid is established based on the typical control and voltage ride-through strategies of permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbines. By studying the transient voltage components at the grid connection point corresponding to the voltage at the fault point, it is revealed that transient overvoltage may occur at the grid connection point after the instantaneous recovery of the fault point voltage. Secondly, a second-order simplified model suitable for transient overvoltage analysis is proposed, and clarify that the damping ratio of the simplified model is a key factor determining the peak overvoltage value. The expression of peak overvoltage is solved through time-domain analysis, and the influencing factors of transient overvoltage are quantitatively analyzed. Finally, relying on the control hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation experimental platform, the applicability of the proposed simplified transient overvoltage model and the dominant influencing factors of transient overvoltage are verified.

Key words: wind power grid-connected system, transient over-voltage, PCC voltage analysis, grid voltage feedforward coefficient, power grid strength

罗泓博, 秦世耀, 郭梓暄, 李光辉. 对称短路故障下直驱风电机组暂态过电压建模与分析[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(4): 68-77, 97.

LUO Hongbo, QIN Shiyao, GUO Zixuan, LI Guanghui. Modeling and Analysis of Transient Overvoltage of Direct Drive Wind Turbine Under Symmetrical Faults[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(4): 68-77, 97.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202411040

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I4/68

图/表 13

图 1 PMSG机组主电路与典型控制结构

Fig.1 Main circuit and typical control structure of PMSG

图 2 RLC滤波器及电网传递函数

Fig.2 Transfer function of RLC filter and power grid

表 1 PMSG机组及主电路参数

Table 1 PMSG unit and main circuit parameters

参数	定义	数值
V_n/V	并网点额定相电压	563
V_dc/V	额定直流母线电压	1200
P_n/MW	机组额定功率	1.5
L_g/mH	电网电感(低压侧)	0.5
L_f/mH	滤波电感	0.2
C_f/mF	滤波电容	0.8
R_d/Ω	滤波电阻	0.3
K_pp	锁相环比例系数	0.1
K_pi	锁相环积分系数	3.5
K_ip	电流环比例系数	0.5
K_ii	电流环积分系数	80
K_ff	电网前馈系数	1
K_UI	无功补偿系数	1.5

图 3 PMSG机组暂态电压解析模型与仿真模型结果对比

Fig.3 Comparison of transient overvoltage analytical model and simulation model results of PMSG

图 4 暂态过电压简化电路

Fig.4 Transient overvoltage reduction circuit

图 5 控制等效电阻对阻尼比及电压恢复过电压峰值影响

Fig.5 Effect of controller equivalent resistance on damping ratio and overvoltage peak value during voltage recovery

图 6 电网强度对阻尼比影响

Fig.6 Effect of grid strength on damping ratio

图 7 电网强度对电压恢复过电压暂态电压分量峰值和初始电压分量的影响

Fig.7 Effect of grid strength on overvoltage transient component peak value and steady-state voltage component

图 8 CHIL实时仿真实验平台示意

Fig.8 Diagram of CHIL simulation experiment platform

图 9 不同前馈系数下CHIL模型与简化模型仿真结果

Fig.9 Simulation results of CHIL model and simplified model under different $ {K_{{\text{ff}}}} $

图 10 电网电压前馈系数影响

Fig.10 Influence of grid voltage feedforward coefficient

图 11 不同$ {K_{{\text{ff}}}} $条件下电流环比例系数影响

Fig.11 Influence of current loop proportional coefficient under different $ {K_{{\text{ff}}}} $

图 12 电网强度影响

Fig.12 Influence of grid strength

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对称短路故障下直驱风电机组暂态过电压建模与分析

Modeling and Analysis of Transient Overvoltage of Direct Drive Wind Turbine Under Symmetrical Faults

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对称短路故障下直驱风电机组暂态过电压建模与分析

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