电磁-机电暂态混合仿真在多能源系统动态建模中的应用研究

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305091

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热力网络是多能源系统的重要组成部分。电网和热网建模机理和时间尺度存在较大差异，传统电力系统暂态仿真程序难以直接应用于电-热多能源系统动态仿真。根据电-热类比方法，采用基本电气元件构建了热力管道热路和水路等效电路模型。同时，基于查表法构建了计及设备运行特性的空气源热泵等效电路模型。为提高仿真效率，进一步提出了基于电磁-机电暂态建模框架的电-热多能源系统动态仿真方法。电网采用机电暂态建模，热网采用电磁暂态建模，空气源热泵模型作为接口模型，完成电网模型和热网模型之间的数据交互。电网模型与热网模型均采用毫秒级及以上仿真步长，实现了高效的多能源系统动态仿真。最后通过算例分析验证了所提模型和仿真方法的有效性。

关键词: 电-热多能源系统, 电磁-机电暂态建模, 热力管道, 空气源热泵, 仿真

Abstract:

Thermal network is an important component of multi-energy system. There are significant differences in modeling methods between electric network and heating network. It is difficult to directly apply traditional power system transients simulation program to modeling of multi-energy system. With the help of electrical-thermal analogy, the dynamic models of thermal circuit and hydraulic circuit of pipe represented using circuit equivalents. At the same time, the equivalent circuit model of the air source heat pump considering the operating characteristics of the equipment is constructed based on the table lookup method. In order to improve the simulation efficiency, a new method for modeling and simulation of electric and heating multi-energy systems are proposed based on electromagnetic and electromechanical transient simulation technique. The electric network is simulated in electromagnetic transients program. the heating network which is modeled with basic circuit elements is simulated in electromechanical transients program. The air source heat pump which connects the electric and heating networks is used as interface model. The multi-energy system model is capable of using a large time step of size to maintain high simulation efficiency. Diverse tests are carried out to validate the proposed models.

Key words: electric and heating multi-energy systems, electromagnetic-electromechanical transient modeling, heat pipes, air source heat pumps, simulation

王占博, 张思瑞, 姜铭渝, 夏越, 高胜强, 卜帅羽. 电磁-机电暂态混合仿真在多能源系统动态建模中的应用研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(11): 48-61.

Zhanbo WANG, Sirui ZHANG, Mingyu JIANG, Yue XIA, Shengqiang GAO, Shuaiyu BU. Application of Electromagnetic and Electromechanical Transient Simulation to Dynamic Modeling of Multi-energy System[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(11): 48-61.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305091

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I11/48

图/表 35

图 1 热力管道离散化模型

Fig.1 Discretization model for thermal pipe

表 1 电-热类比关系

Table 1 Analogy between the electrical and thermal quantities

类	电气量	热力量
势	电压 $U{\text{/V}}$	温度 $T{\text{/K}}$
流	电流 $I{\text{/A}}$	热流 $\dot Q{\text{/(J}} \cdot {{\text{s}}^{{-1}}}{\text{)}}$；焓流 $\dot H{\text{/(J}} \cdot {{\text{s}}^{{-1}}}{\text{)}}$
阻	电阻 $R/{{\Omega }}$	热阻 ${R_{\text{t}}}{\text{/(K}} \cdot {{\text{W}}^{{-1}}}{\text{)}}$
容	电容 $C{\text{/F}}$	热容 ${C_{\text{t}}}{\text{/(J}} \cdot {{\text{K}}^{{-1}}}{\text{)}}$

图 2 管段j的截面

Fig.2 Cross section of pipe segment j

图 3 管段热路等效电路模型

Fig.3 Equivalent circuit thermal model for pipe segment

图 4 热力管道热路等效电路模型

Fig.4 Equivalent circuit thermal model for pipe

图 5 管段水路等效电路模型

Fig.5 Equivalent circuit hydraulic model for pipe segment

图 6 管段水路等效电路模型

Fig.6 Equivalent circuit hydraulic model for pipe

图 7 连接点的质量流平衡

Fig.7 Mass flow balance of junction

图 8 节点的等效电路模型

Fig.8 Equivalent circuit model for junction

图 9 热泵制热输入功率与出水温度和环境温度的关系

Fig.9 Variation of heating input power of heat pump unit with water supply temperature and ambient temperature

图 10 热泵能效系数与出水温度和环境温度的关系

Fig.10 Variation of COP of heat pump unit with water supply temperature and ambient temperature

图 11 热泵等效电路模型

Fig.11 Equivalent circuit model for heat pump

图 12 电-热多能源系统建模框架

Fig.12 Framework for modeling of electric and heating multi-energy system

图 13 电-热多能源系统仿真流程

Fig.13 Flowchart of simulation of electric and heating multi-energy system

表 2 管道参数

Table 2 Parameters of pipe

管道参数		数值
水的密度 $ \rho {\text{/(kg}} \cdot {{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}{\text{)}} $		988
水的比热容 $ {c_{\text{w}}}{\text{/(J}} \cdot {({\text{kg}} \cdot {\text{K)}}^{ - 1}}{\text{)}} $		4180
水的质量流量 $\dot m{\text{/(kg}} \cdot {{\text{s}}^{{-1}}}{\text{)}}$		1.45
管道内径 ${d_{\text{i}}}{\text{/m}}$		0.065
金属管壁外径 ${d_{\text{w}}}{\text{/m}}$		0.076
保温层外径 $ {d_{\text{o}}}{\text{/m}} $		0.14
对流传热系数 $ {k_{{\text{conv,i}}}}{\text{/(W}} \cdot {({{\text{m}}^2} \cdot {\text{K)}}^{ - 1}}{\text{)}} $		80
金属管壁导热率 ${k_{{\text{cond,w}}}}{\text{/(W}} \cdot {({\text{m}} \cdot {\text{K)}}^{ - 1}}{\text{)}}$		15
保温层导热率 $ {k_{{\text{cond,ins}}}}{\text{/(W}} \cdot {({\text{m}} \cdot {\text{K)}}^{ - 1}}{\text{)}} $		0.0027
土壤温度 ${T_{\text{a}}}{\text{/K}}$		283
达西摩擦因子 $\lambda $		0.025

图 14 不同离散步长的无关度

Fig.14 Irrelevance of different discrete steps

图 15 不同离散步长的相对计算耗时

Fig.15 Relative computation time for different discrete steps

图 16 管道仿真模型与实际实验的水温变化结果

Fig.16 Pipe model responses to temperature change compared with physical reality

图 17 所提模型与Dymola模型的质量流量变化对比

Fig.17 Comparison of mass flow rate changes between proposed pipe model and Dymola model

图 18 所提模型与Dymola模型的水温变化对比

Fig.18 Comparison of temperature changes between proposed pipe model and Dymola model

图 19 电-热多能源系统拓扑

Fig.19 One-line diagram of multi-carrier energy system

表 3 热网参数

Table 3 Parameters of heat network

管道起点	管道终点	管道直径/m	管道长度/m
0	1	0.219	60
1	2	0.159	50
1	3	0.219	40
3	4	0.159	80
3	5	0.219	60
5	6	0.133	30
5	7	0.219	100
7	8	0.133	20
7	9	0.133	60

表 4 配电网参数

Table 4 Parameters of distribution network

节点i	节点j	支路阻抗/Ω	节点j负荷/(kV·A)
1	2	0.0200+j0.0116
2	3	0.0346+j0.0138	14.250+j4.6837
2	4	0.0100+j0.0058
4	5	0.1555+j0.0618	24.770+j8.1185
4	6	0.0200+j0.0116
6	7	0.0346+j0.0138	26.125+j8.5869
6	8	0.0300+j0.0174
8	9	0.0403+j0.0160	35.720+j1.1741
8	10	0.0446+j0.0196	33.250+j1.0929

图 20 热网调节过程中各节点温度变化

Fig.20 Nodes temperature change during heat network regulation

图 21 投入运行的热泵台数

Fig.21 Number of heat pumps in operation

图 22 热网调节过程中电网部分节点电压变化

Fig.22 Power nodes voltage change during heat network regulation

图 23 节点2 A相电压

Fig.23 Phase A voltage at node 2

图 24 节点2 A相电压局部放大图

Fig.24 Zoomed-in view of phase A voltage at node 2

图 25 0.1 s步长下全电磁暂态模型仿真结果

Fig.25 Simulation results obtained with full electromagnetic transients model with time-step size of 0.1 s

图 26 热泵机组启动前后热网节点温度变化

Fig.26 Nodes temperature change of heat network before and after heat pump unit startup

图 27 热泵机组接入电网不同节点时各节点电压

Fig.27 Nodes voltage when the heat pump unit is connected to different nodes of the grid

图 28 环境温度和土壤温度

Fig.28 Ambient temperature and soil temperature

图 29 热网各节点温度日变化

Fig.29 Daily variation of temperature at each node of the heat network

图 30 热泵机组输入功率日变化

Fig.30 Daily variation of the input power of heat pump unit

图 31 电网部分节点的日变化

Fig.31 Daily variation of part of the nodes of the power grid

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