热管耦合相变材料全气候锂离子电池热管理系统性能分析

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401029

中国电力 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 27-36.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401029

• 储能用锂离子电池本体安全关键技术 • 上一篇下一篇

热管耦合相变材料全气候锂离子电池热管理系统性能分析

熊慧敏(), 彭跃中, 何励学, 胡章茂(), 王唯(), 田红

长沙理工大学能源与动力工程学院，湖南长沙　410114

收稿日期:2024-01-07 出版日期:2024-06-28 发布日期:2024-06-25
作者简介:熊慧敏（1999—），女，硕士研究生，从事储能技术和强化传热传质研究，E-mail：xionghuimin09@163.com
胡章茂（1985—），男，通信作者，副教授，从事储能技术和强化传热传质研究，E-mail：huzhangmao@163.com
王唯（1989—），男，副教授，从事传热传质与多相流领域研究，E-mail：wangwei_heat@csust.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（受限空间内纳米流体非等温吸收CO₂过程热质传递机理与调控方法研究，52306069）；湖南省自然科学基金资助项目（基于纳米流体的中空纤维膜接触式CO₂非等温解吸特性及强化机理研究，2023JJ40044）；湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目（直吸式太阳能热化学反应器内太阳辐射传输调控及温度场优化研究，23A0263）。

Thermal Performance Analysis of Novel All-Climate Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System Coupled with Heat Pipes and Phase Change Materials

Huimin XIONG(), Yuezhong PENG, Lixue HE, Zhangmao HU(), Wei WANG(), Hong TIAN

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China

Received:2024-01-07 Online:2024-06-28 Published:2024-06-25
Supported by:
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Research on Coupled Heat Mass Transfer Mechanism and Regulation Approach of CO₂ Non-isothermal Absorption Process Using Nanofluids in Confined Space, No.52306069), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Characteristics and Intensification Mechanisms of CO₂ Non-isothermal Stripping Using Nanofluids in Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors, No.2023JJ40044) and Key Program of Scientific Research of Hunan Provincial Educational Commission (Study of Solar Radiation Transfer Regulation and Temperature Field Optimization in a Direct Absorption Solar Thermochemical Reactor, No.23A0263).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电池热管理系统（BTMS）是保障储能电池在不同工况下安全高效运行的重要方法。基于相变材料高潜热与热管高导热特性，设计了一种热管耦合相变材料的新型锂离子BTMS，该系统可实现全气候条件下电池保温与散热一体化。采用数值模拟对BTMS的保温与散热性能进行研究。在低温环境下，通过模拟电池放电过程和放电结束后电池温降过程，分析了保温层厚度和初始温度对保温性能的影响；在常温和高温环境下，基于相变材料、热管、双层冷却通道耦合手段提出了相应的散热方案，有效保障了锂离子电池在放电倍率0.5C~2.0C下的安全稳定运行。设计的BTMS可实现不同环境温度下的保温或散热需求，为实现全气候锂离子电池热管理技术提供理论参考。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热管理, 全气候, 相变材料, 热管

Abstract:

The battery thermal management system is an essential approach to ensuring the safe and efficient operation of energy storage batteries under different operating conditions. Considering the high latent heat of phase change materials and the superior thermal conductivity of heat pipes, this paper designs a novel lithium-ion battery thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries coupled with heat pipes and phase change materials coupling that can realize the requirements of heat removal and heat preservation under all-climate conditions. The thermal performance of such a battery thermal management system is numerically investigated. Under low-temperature environments, the paper analyzes the influences of insulation material thickness and initial battery temperature on the duration of heat preservation by simulating the battery discharge process and the temperature drop after discharge. In contrast, at normal and high ambient temperatures, it proposes heat removal strategies based on single or coupled measures of phase change materials, heat pipes, and gas/liquid cooling channels for the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries, especially at 0.5C to 2.0C discharge rates. The current work could provide theoretical guidance for the efficient design of a lithium-ion battery thermal management system covering the whole climatic range.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal management, all-climate, phase change material, heat pipe

熊慧敏, 彭跃中, 何励学, 胡章茂, 王唯, 田红. 热管耦合相变材料全气候锂离子电池热管理系统性能分析[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 27-36.

Huimin XIONG, Yuezhong PENG, Lixue HE, Zhangmao HU, Wei WANG, Hong TIAN. Thermal Performance Analysis of Novel All-Climate Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System Coupled with Heat Pipes and Phase Change Materials[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(6): 27-36.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401029

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I6/27

图/表 13

图 1 新型电池热管理系统结构

Fig.1 Structure diagram of designed BTMS

表 1 相变材料、电池、热管、保温材料的热物性参数

Table 1 Thermophysical properties of PCM, batteries, heat pipes, and insulating materials

材料	密度/(kg·m^–3)	比热/(J·(g·K)^–1)	导热系数/(W·(m·K)^–1)	动力粘度/(Pa·s)	热膨胀系数/K^–1	潜热/(J·kg^–1)	熔化温度/℃
相变材料^[19]	814	1934.00	0.35	0.003875	0.00091	245000	27.2~29.2
电池^[20]	2751	1070.00	1.15（径向）23.34（轴向）
热管	400^[21]	4000.00^[21]	20000
保温材料^[22]	50	1.46	0.025

图 2 网格无关性测试

Fig.2 Grid independence test

图 3 时间步长敏感性分析

Fig.3 Time step sensitivity analysis

图 4 电池最高温度随时间的变化趋势对比

Fig.4 Comparison of variation of maximum battery temperature over time

图 5 不同保温层厚度下的电池组最高温度、相变材料液相率、保温时长对比

Fig.5 Comparison of maximum battery temperature module, liquid fraction of PCM, and duration of heat preservation under different insulation material thickness

图 6 不同初始温度下的电池组最高温度和相变材料液相率对比

Fig.6 Comparison of maximum battery temperature module and liquid fraction of PCM at different initial temperatures

图 7 1.0C工况下不同初始温度对应的电池组最高温度和相变材料液相率

Fig.7 Maximum battery temperature module and liquid fraction of PCM corresponding to different initial temperatures at 1.0C discharge rate

表 2 不同放电倍率下的电池组最高温度、相变材料液相率、保温时长

Table 2 Maximum battery temperature module, liquid fraction of PCM and heat preservation duration under different discharge rates

放电倍率	电池组最高温度/℃	液相率	保温时长/s
0.5C	29.76	0.99	25060
1.0C	31.60	1.00	27830
2.0C	37.52	0.96	26880

图 8 25 ℃环境温度、2.0C放电倍率工况下的电池组温度分布

Fig.8 Temperature distribution of battery module with 2.0C discharge rate under 25 °C ambient temperature

图 9 不同放电倍率下电池组最高温度和相变材料液相率随时间的变化

Fig.9 Variation of maximum battery temperature module and liquid fraction of PCM over time at different discharge rates

图 10 不同放电倍率下电池组最高温度和最大温差随风速的变化

Fig.10 Variation of maximum battery temperature and maximum temperature difference with air velocity at different discharge rates

图 11 2.0C放电倍率下电池组最高温度和最大温差随水速的变化

Fig.11 Variation of maximum battery temperature and maximum temperature difference with water velocity at 2.0C discharge rate

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热管耦合相变材料全气候锂离子电池热管理系统性能分析

Thermal Performance Analysis of Novel All-Climate Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System Coupled with Heat Pipes and Phase Change Materials

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