海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统过电压机理

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202208087

中国电力 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (11): 29-37, 48.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202208087

• 海上风电送出与并网技术 • 上一篇下一篇

海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统过电压机理

王霄鹤¹^,⁴(), 杨海超²(), 宋爽³(), 杨玉新²(), 殷贵¹^,⁴(), 王克¹^,⁴()

1. 浙江省深远海风电技术研究重点实验室，浙江杭州　311122
2. 中国大唐集团科学技术研究总院有限公司华北电力试验研究院，北京　100040
3. 大唐汕头新能源有限公司，广东汕头　515000
4. 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司，浙江杭州　311122

收稿日期:2022-08-23 录用日期:2022-11-21 发布日期:2023-11-23 出版日期:2023-11-28
作者简介:王霄鹤（1991—），男，博士，高级工程师，从事海上风力发电和柔性直流输电系统设计及控制策略研究，E-mail： wang_xh8@hdec.com
杨海超（1981—），男，硕士，正高级工程师，从事电气设备安全运行和绝缘检测技术研究，E-mail： 121962576@qq.com
宋爽（1995—），男，助理工程师，从事海上风电运维管理工作，E-mail： ss1995514@163.com
杨玉新（1986—），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事电力设备状态评估， 543760772@qq.com
殷贵（1995—），男，硕士，工程师，从事海上风电输电系统过电压研究，E-mail： yin_g@hdec.com
王克（1986—），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事海上风力发电及新能源设计研究，E-mail： wang_k2@hdec.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目（2021YFB2400600）。

Overvoltage Mechanism of 66 kV Submarine Cable Transmission System for Offshore Wind Farm

Xiaohe WANG¹^,⁴(), Haichao YANG²(), Shuang SONG³(), Yuxin YANG²(), Gui YIN¹^,⁴(), Ke WANG¹^,⁴()

1. Key Laboratory of Far-Shore Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311122, China
2. North China Electric Power Test and Research Institute, China Datang Corporation Science and Technology General Research Institute Ltd., Beijing 100040, China
3. Datang Shantou New Energy Co., Ltd., Shantou 515000, China
4. Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China

Received:2022-08-23 Accepted:2022-11-21 Online:2023-11-23 Published:2023-11-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFB2400600)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

过电压水平是海上风电场交流送出系统的关键参数，对于系统设计、设备选型具有重要影响。为掌握影响海上风电场送出系统过电压水平的关键因素，准确评估系统过电压，对海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统的过电压机理展开研究。首先，分析海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统的拓扑结构及控制保护策略；然后，从无故障甩负荷过电压、单相接地故障甩负荷过电压、空载长线过电压方面研究海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统的过电压机理，并在此基础上，研究中性点接地电阻值对于66 kV海上风电送出系统过电压的影响；最后，基于PSCAD/EMTDC平台，构建了海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统的仿真模型并进行仿真。研究结果表明：系统的接地电阻和风电机组控制保护策略是影响海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统过电压水平的关键因素，随着接地电阻的变化，系统的控制保护动作顺序会发生变化，系统在不同接地电阻取值范围时将呈现出不同的过电压特性。

关键词: 海上风力发电, 过电压, 66 kV海缆, 电网故障, 接地电阻

Abstract:

Overvoltage level is the key parameter of the offshore wind power transmission system, which has significant impact on the system design and equipment selection. In order to evaluate the key impact factors of the overvoltage level of the offshore wind farm transmission system and calculate its overvoltage accurately, the overvoltage mechanism of offshore wind farm 66 kV submarine cable transmission system is studied in this paper. Firstly, the topology, control and protection strategy of the 66 kV offshore wind power transmission system are analyzed. And then its overvoltage mechanism is studied from the aspects of fault-free load shedding overvoltage, single phase to ground fault load shedding overvoltage and load-free overvoltage. On this basis, the influence of the neutral point grounding resistance on the overvoltage of the 66 kV transmission system is studied. Finally, a simulation model of the offshore wind power transmission system is established in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment and simulation studies are conducted. The research results show that the grounding resistance of the system and the control and protection strategy of the wind turbine are the main impact factors of the overvoltage level in the 66 kV transmission system. With the variation of the grounding resistance, the control and protection actions of the system will change. The system shows different overvoltage characteristics under different grounding resistance ranges.

Key words: offshore wind power generation, overvoltage, 66 kV submarine cable, grid fault, grounding resistance

王霄鹤, 杨海超, 宋爽, 杨玉新, 殷贵, 王克. 海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统过电压机理[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(11): 29-37, 48.

Xiaohe WANG, Haichao YANG, Shuang SONG, Yuxin YANG, Gui YIN, Ke WANG. Overvoltage Mechanism of 66 kV Submarine Cable Transmission System for Offshore Wind Farm[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56(11): 29-37, 48.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202208087

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V56/I11/29

图/表 15

图 1 海上风电场经66 kV交流海缆送出系统拓扑

Fig.1 Topology of 66 kV AC submarine cable transmission system for offshore wind farm

图 2 全功率永磁同步风电机组的拓扑结构

Fig.2 Topology of PMSG

图 3 全功率永磁同步风电机组网侧变流器控制框图

Fig.3 Control diagram of the grid-side converter in PMSG

图 4 风电机组故障电压穿越曲线

Fig.4 Wind turbine fault voltage ride-through curve

图 5 海上风电场66 kV交流送出系统等效回路

Fig.5 Equivalent circuit diagram of 66 kV AC transmission system for offshore wind farm

表 1 仿真系统参数

Table 1 Parameters of simulation system

参数名称		数值
风电场额定功率/MW		350
交流电网电压(线有效值)/kV		220
交流电网短路比		10
升压站变压器变比		220/66
变压器阻抗(p.u.)		0.15
无功补偿设备容量/(MV·A)		35×2
发生故障的66 kV海缆长度/km		14
66 kV海缆截面/mm²		300
66 kV海缆单位长度电感/(mH·km^–1)		0.411
66 kV海缆单位长度电容/(μF·km^–1)		0.173
66 kV海缆单位长度电阻/(Ω·km^–1)		0.129

图 6 海上风电场送出系统仿真模型（66 kV侧不接地）

Fig.6 Simulation model of the offshore wind farm transmission system (66 kV-side neutral point ungrounded）

表 2 聚合风电机组参数

Table 2 Parameters of the aggregated PMSG

参数名称		数值
聚合风电机组额定功率/MW		58
风机网侧变流器交流电压/kV		0.69
风机出口变压器变比		66/0.69
风机出口变压器阻抗(p.u.)		0.13
风电机组过电压保护阈值(p.u.)		1.35
直流母线电压/kV		1.1

图 7 无故障甩负荷工况下系统过电压波形

Fig.7 Overvoltage results under fault-free load shedding

表 3 无故障甩负荷过电压仿真结果

Table 3 Overvoltage results under fault-free load shedding

位置	暂时过电压(p.u.)	操作过电压(p.u.)
66 kV母线	0.955	1.093
故障线路升压站侧	1.028	1.752
故障线路升压站侧	1.041	1.762

图 8 单相接地甩负荷工况下系统过电压波形

Fig.8 Overvoltage results under single phase to ground fault load shedding

表 4 单相接地故障甩负荷过电压仿真结果

Table 4 Overvoltage simulation results under single phase to ground fault load shedding

位置	暂时过电压(p.u.)	操作过电压(p.u.)
66 kV母线	1.740	2.544
故障线路升压站侧	1.742	2.544
故障线路升压站侧	1.748	2.541

图 9 海上风电场送出系统仿真模型（66 kV侧小电阻接地）

Fig.9 Simulation model of the offshore wind farm transmission system（66 kV-side low-resistance neutral grounding method）

图 10 不同接地电阻阻值条件下系统过电压波形

Fig.10 Overvoltage results under different grounding resistance values

表 5 不同接地电阻阻值下过电压仿真结果

Table 5 Overvoltage simulation results under different grounding resistance values

接地电阻/Ω	暂时过电压(p.u.)	操作过电压(p.u.)
0.1	1.157	2.311
3.0	1.338	1.764
10.0	1.677	2.149

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海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统过电压机理

Overvoltage Mechanism of 66 kV Submarine Cable Transmission System for Offshore Wind Farm

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海上风电场经66 kV海缆送出系统过电压机理

Overvoltage Mechanism of 66 kV Submarine Cable Transmission System for Offshore Wind Farm

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