适应新型电力系统的分布式电源用户备用费机制设计

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202406046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着电源技术进步及各类新业态模式发展，含分布式电源并同时接入大电网的用户数量逐渐增多，分布式电源自发自用电量规模逐渐扩大，但现行输配电价格政策未对这类用户制定合理的价格机制，导致其未承担系统备用费和社会责任费，进而造成电力系统成本的不公平分担，不利于新型电力系统的可持续发展。结合国内外经典输配电价理论，梳理了含分布式电源用户应承担的输配电成本，并设计适用分布式电源发展的用户备用费机制，近期以还原应承担的输配电成本为基本逻辑，远期探索设计基于“峰荷责任法”的输配电价格机制，以实现含分布式电源用户应承担的输配电成本合理向受益用户疏导。最后，结合典型省份进行了实证测算。

关键词: 分布式电源, 输配电价格机制, 备用费机制

Abstract:

With the advancement of power supply technology and the development of diverse emerging business models, the number of users with distributed generation (DG) integrated into the main grid is steadily increasing and the scale of self-consumption from distributed generation is also steadily expanding. However, the current transmission and distribution (T&D) pricing policy has not established an equitable pricing mechanism for such users, resulting in their underpayment of system reserve charges and social responsibility fees. This leads to an unfair allocation of power system costs, which undermines the sustainable development of the new power systems. Based on the classic transmission and distribution electricity pricing theories both at home and abroad, this study designs a reserve fee mechanism that adapts to the DG development through analyzing the T&D costs that should be borne by DG users. In the short term, it rationally assigns network charges and social responsibility fees to DG beneficiary users; in the long term, it explores to design a T&D pricing mechanism based on Peak Contribution method to ensure equitable allocation of T&D costs associated with DG to the benefiting users. Finally, case studies are carried out with typical provinces.

Key words: distributed generation, transmission and distribution pricing mechanism, reserve fee mechanism

孙启星, 张超, 张梦歌, 尤培培, 李骏龙. 适应新型电力系统的分布式电源用户备用费机制设计[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(6): 190-197.

SUN Qixing, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Mengge, YOU Peipei, LI Junlong. Reserve Fee Mechanism Design for Distributed Generation Users Adapting to New Power Systems[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(6): 190-197.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202406046

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I6/190

图/表 7

图 1 电网备用示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of reserve of the power grid

图 2 输配电成本测算模型原理

Fig.2 Principle block diagram of transmission and distribution cost calculation model

图 3 分布式系统备用容量

Fig.3 Reserve capacity of distributed generation

表 1 电量电费标准

Table 1 Standards for energy charge

电价制度	电度电价/(元·(kW·h)^–1)
电价制度	<1 kV	1~10（20）kV	35 kV	110 kV	220（330）kV
单一制	0.1950	0.1750	0.1550
两部制		0.1533	0.1333	0.1133	0.0933

表 2 容量电价标准

Table 2 Standards for capacity charge

电价制度	容量电价/(元·(kV·A·月)^–1)
电价制度	1~10（20）kV	35 kV	110 kV	≥220 kV
两部制	21.9	21.9	20.0	20.0

表 3 方案2备用费标准

Table 3 Reserve charge standard of Scheme 2

自发自用电量占总用电量比重/%		自发自用备用费/容量电费
≤25		0.5
(25,50]		0.9
(50,75]		1.4
＞75		1.9

表 4 方案3备用费标准

Table 4 Reserve charge standard of Scheme 3

电价制度	单位装机分布式备用费(元·(kW·年)^–1)
电价制度	<1 kV	1~10（20）kV	35 kV	110 kV	220（330）kV
单一制	234	210	186
两部制	0	184	160	136	112

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