互联新能源电力系统区内AGC机组分布式协同控制策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202405101

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (3): 8-19.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202405101

• 高比例新能源接入电网的协调控制与优化运行 • 上一篇下一篇

互联新能源电力系统区内AGC机组分布式协同控制策略

张磊¹(), 马晓伟²(), 王满亮³(), 陈力²(), 高丙团³()

1. 中国电力科学研究院有限公司，江苏南京　210003
2. 国家电网有限公司西北分部，陕西西安　710048
3. 东南大学电气工程学院，江苏南京　210096

收稿日期:2024-05-27 录用日期:2024-08-25 发布日期:2025-03-23 出版日期:2025-03-28
作者简介:
张磊（1982），男，高级工程师（教授级），从事新能源并网控制技术研究，E-mail：zhang-lei3@epri.sgcc.com.cn
马晓伟（1979），男，高级工程师（教授级），从事电力系统调度与运行控制技术研究，E-mail：maxw@nw.sgcc.com.cn
王满亮（1999），男，博士研究生，从事新能源并网控制技术研究，E-mail：wangmanliang@seu.edu.cn
陈力（1995），男，工程师，从事电力系统调度与运行控制技术研究，E-mail：1094502622@qq.com
高丙团（1981），男，通信作者，教授，博士生导师，从事新能源并网控制、机器人与智能电力运维技术研究，E-mail：gaobingtuan@seu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司科技项目（4000-20236084A-1-1-ZN）。

Distributed Collaborative Control Strategy for Intra-regional AGC Units in Interconnected Power System with Renewable Energy

Lei ZHANG¹(), Xiaowei MA²(), Manliang WANG³(), Li CHEN²(), Bingtuan GAO³()

1. China Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing 210003, China
2. Northwest Branch of State Grid Corporation of China, Xi'an 710048, China
3. School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Received:2024-05-27 Accepted:2024-08-25 Online:2025-03-23 Published:2025-03-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by Science and Technology Project of SGCC (No.4000-20236084A-1-1-ZN).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

区域电网中具备自动发电控制（automatic generation control，AGC）功能的新能源场站数量多并且不同调频机组的响应特性差异明显，加重了集中控制器的计算负担，影响区域电网频率控制效果。针对上述挑战，提出了一种基于机组动态模型和分布式一致性的互联电力系统区域内AGC机组协同控制策略，区域间根据联络线功率频率偏差进行跨区功率互济。首先，建立不同类型调频机组的调频响应功率模型。在此基础上，考虑调频控制的经济性，以有功出力变化量的二次成本函数最小为目标，兼顾各调频机组出力约束和功率平衡约束，构建功率动态分配优化模型，并证明通过合理的系数设定即可满足调频经济性最优，无须求解该优化问题。然后，提出了基于分布式一致性算法的AGC调频控制策略，实现区域内各参与机组AGC指令的整定。最后，以三区域互联电力系统为例进行仿真验证，结果表明：所提控制策略可以有效提高调频性能，降低机组的调频成本。

关键词: 区域互联电力系统, 新能源, 自动发电控制, 分布式协同控制, 调频经济性

Abstract:

In the regional power grid where a large number of renewable energy stations are equipped with automatic generation control (AGC) functionality, the response characteristics of different frequency regulation units vary significantly, which may aggravate the computation load of the centralized controller and affect the frequency control performance of the regional power system. In response to the above challenges, a collaborative control strategy for intra-regional AGC units in interconnected power system based on unit dynamic model and distributed consistency is proposed, while power interchange is dispatched across different regional power systems according to tie-line power flow and the bias of frequency. Firstly, the frequency response models for different types of frequency regulation units are established. Then, considering the frequency regulation economy, a power dynamic allocation optimization model is constructed, with the objective of minimizing the quadratic cost function of active power variation constrained by active power output and power balance. It is also proved that the objective of economic optimization for frequency regulation can be fulfilled by setting reasonable coefficients, without directly solving the optimization problem. Hence, an AGC frequency control strategy based on distributed consistency algorithm is proposed to determine the settings of intra-regional AGC commands. Finally, taking a three-area interconnected power system as an example, the results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve frequency regulation performance and reduce the frequency regulation cost.

Key words: regional interconnected power system, renewable energy, automatic generation control, distributed collaborative control, frequency regulation economy

张磊, 马晓伟, 王满亮, 陈力, 高丙团. 互联新能源电力系统区内AGC机组分布式协同控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(3): 8-19.

Lei ZHANG, Xiaowei MA, Manliang WANG, Li CHEN, Bingtuan GAO. Distributed Collaborative Control Strategy for Intra-regional AGC Units in Interconnected Power System with Renewable Energy[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(3): 8-19.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202405101

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I3/8

图/表 17

图 1 控制区域i的AGC控制模型框图

Fig.1 Block diagram of AGC model for the ith control area

图 2 火电机组的调频响应模型

Fig.2 Frequency regulation model of the thermal power unit

图 3 火电机组的调频响应模型等效形式

Fig.3 Equivalent form of frequency regulation model of the thermal power unit

图 4 新能源机组的调频响应模型

Fig.4 Frequency regulation model of the new energy unit

图 5 多机组通信网络及邻接矩阵示意

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of multi-unit communication network and adjacency matrix

图 6 所提AGC控制策略

Fig.6 The proposed AGC control strategy

图 7 所提控制策略流程

Fig.7 Flowchart of the proposed control strategy

图 8 仿真结构图

Fig.8 One-line diagram of simulated power grid

表 1 仿真参数

Table 1 Simulation parameters

区域	机组	容量/MW	调差系数/ (MW·Hz^–1)	T_R/s	F_H
1	G1	1250	20	12.0	0.35
	G2	347	20	6.5	0.15
	G3	812	20	10.0	0.32
	风电场1	750	25
2	G4	790	20	9.0	0.30
	G5	635	20	8.0	0.26
	G6	812	20	10.0	0.30
	G7	700	20	8.5	0.28
	风电场2	750	25
3	G8	675	20	8.0	0.25
	G9	1037	20	12.0	0.35
	G10	312	20	6.0	0.20
	光伏电站1	830	30
	光伏电站2	830	30

图 9 区域2负荷突增0.2 p.u.系统频率

Fig.9 System frequency when the load increases by 0.2 p.u. in area 2

图 10 区域2负荷突增0.2 p.u.联络线功率

Fig.10 Tie-line power flow changes when the load increases by 0.2 p.u. in area 2

图 11 区域2各机组AGC指令变化

Fig.11 Results of the AGC command for each unit in area 2

图 12 区域2负荷突增0.4 p.u.系统频率

Fig.12 System frequency when the load increases by 0.4 p.u. in area 2

图 13 区域2负荷突增0.4 p.u.联络线功率

Fig.13 Tie-line power flow when the load increases by 0.4 p.u. in area 2

图 14 不同区域各机组AGC指令变化

Fig.14 Results of the AGC command for each unit in different area

表 2 不同AGC方法调频成本对比结果

Table 2 Comparison of frequency modulation cost for different AGC methods 单位：元

AGC方法	负荷突增0.2 p.u.	负荷突增0.4 p.u.
所提策略	1900	3330
集中式PI控制	2456	4211

图 15 不同新能源渗透率下系统频率结果

Fig.15 System frequency under different penetration rates of new energy

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互联新能源电力系统区内AGC机组分布式协同控制策略

Distributed Collaborative Control Strategy for Intra-regional AGC Units in Interconnected Power System with Renewable Energy

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互联新能源电力系统区内AGC机组分布式协同控制策略

Distributed Collaborative Control Strategy for Intra-regional AGC Units in Interconnected Power System with Renewable Energy

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