中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12): 96-106.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202504015

• 新型电力系统碳监测与核算、碳足迹及碳管理关键技术 • 上一篇    

基于分层LMDI分解法的电力二氧化碳排放因子驱动因素分析及国际对比

张士宁(), 侯方心(), 文亚(), 刘祎芳(), 杨方()   

  1. 全球能源互联网集团有限公司,北京 100031
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07 修回日期:2025-05-27 发布日期:2025-12-27 出版日期:2025-12-28
  • 作者简介:
    张士宁(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,从事全球能源发展战略规划、能源经济与能源供需、可再生能源发电等研究,E-mail:shining-zhang@geidco.org
    侯方心(1990),女,通信作者,博士,高级工程师,从事能源规划、能源供需、综合评估模型、可再生能源发电等研究, E-mail:fangxin-hou@geidco.org
    文亚(1980),男,博士,高级工程师,从事能源金融、电力市场、碳市场、绿证、绿电等研究, E-mail:ya-wen@geidco.org
    刘祎芳(1993),女,博士,中级经济师,从事能源与气候变化经济学、能源双碳政策等研究, E-mail:yifang-liu@geidco.org
    杨方(1981),女,博士,高级工程师,从事气候变化、电力系统、能源与环境等研究,E-mail:fang-yang1@geidco.org
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72140006,72371102)。

Drivers of the Electricity Carbon Emission Factor: An LMDI-based Analysis and International Comparison

ZHANG Shining(), HOU Fangxin(), WEN Ya(), LIU Yifang(), YANG Fang()   

  1. Global Energy Interconnection Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100031, China
  • Received:2025-04-07 Revised:2025-05-27 Online:2025-12-27 Published:2025-12-28
  • Supported by:
    This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.72140006, No.72371102).

摘要:

电力二氧化碳排放因子作为衡量电力系统低碳化进程的核心指标,已成为国际碳核算体系与绿色贸易规则的重要基础。首先,识别电力二氧化碳排放因子核心影响因素,提出适用于量化评估电力碳排放因子贡献度的方法;其次,量化评估驱动中国电力碳排放因子下降的不同影响因素贡献度,并对比分析中国、日本、德国电力二氧化碳排放因子差异及原因;最后,分析中国电力碳排放因子下降潜力及主要驱动因素贡献度特征。研究表明,2005—2022年中国电力二氧化碳排放因子下降35%,其中清洁化率提升和发电效率提升是最主要的2个影响因素,分别贡献19%和14%。中国电力二氧化碳排放因子比日本高出22.5%,中国火电中以煤电为主是最主要影响因素;中国电力二氧化碳排放因子比德国高出53.5%,清洁化率是最主要影响因素。清洁化率提升是推动中国电力二氧化碳排放因子持续下降最重要的因素,在各发展阶段贡献度均超过80%。在新能源发展到一定阶段,火电结构调整将发挥不容忽视的作用。

关键词: 电力行业, 电力二氧化碳排放因子, 驱动因素, 贡献率

Abstract:

The electricity carbon emission factor, as a core indicator for measuring the low-carbon progress of power systems, has become an important basis for the international carbon accounting system and green trade rules. Firstly, the core influencing factors for the electricity carbon emission factor were identified, and a method suitable for quantitatively assessing the contribution of the electricity carbon emission factor was proposed. Secondly, the contributions of different factors driving the decline of China's electricity carbon emission factor were quantitatively assessed, and the differences and reasons for the electricity carbon emission factors between China, Japan, and Germany were compared and analyzed. Finally, the potential for the decline of China's electricity carbon emission factor and the characteristics of the contributions of the main driving factors were quantitatively assessed. The study shows that from 2005 to 2022, China's electricity carbon emission factor decreased by 35%, with the increase in the grid cleanliness and the improvement of power generation efficiency being the two main influencing factors, contributing 19% and 14% respectively. China's electricity carbon emission factor is 22.5% higher than Japan's, primarily due to its heavy reliance on coal for thermal power. It is 53.5% higher than Germany's, mainly because of a lower clean energy share. Enhancing the grid cleanliness is the key driver for reducing China's electricity carbon emission factor, contributing over 80% to the decline. After new energy expansion reaches a certain scale, optimizing the structure of thermal power will also play a significant role.

Key words: power sector, electricity carbon emission factor, driving factors, contribution rate


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