基于区块链和禀赋效应的主动配电网经济运行方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着可再生能源的大规模接入，参与电能交易的主体数量日益增加，由调度中心撮合的传统集中式交易模式无法应对激增的交易数据，难以达到主动配电网经济运行的最优状态。为此，提出了一种基于区块链和禀赋效应的主动配电网经济运行方法，利用区块链的去中心化、自治性、匿名性等特点构建电能交易机制。在此基础上，将参与需求响应的用户视为“行为经济人”，构建了基于禀赋效应的需求响应模型，该模型更加贴合用户心理需求。算例结果表明，提出的基于区块链技术的电能交易机制能够有效提升电能交易效益，建立的基于禀赋效应的需求响应模型可以有效提升主动配电网运行的经济性和源荷匹配性。

关键词: 主动配电网, 经济运行, 区块链技术, 禀赋效应

Abstract:

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy, the number of participants involved in electricity transactions is increasing. The traditional centralized trading model, which is matched by the dispatching center, fails to cope with the surge of transaction data and achieve the optimal economic operation of the active distribution network. Therefore, an economic operation method of an active distribution network based on blockchain and endowment effect is proposed, which uses the decentralized, autonomous, and anonymous characteristics of blockchain to construct an electricity transaction mechanism. On this basis, users participating in demand response are regarded as "behavioral agents", and an endowment effect-based demand response model is constructed, which is more in line with users' psychological needs. The calculation results show that the proposed electricity transaction mechanism based on blockchain technology can effectively improve the efficiency of electricity transactions, and the established endowment effect-based demand response model can effectively improve the economic operation and source-load matching of the active distribution network.

Key words: active distribution network, economic operation, blockchain technology, endowment effect

周蠡, 熊川羽, 柯方超, 李智威, 张洪, 陈然, 刘万方, 喻亚洲, 任丽琴. 基于区块链和禀赋效应的主动配电网经济运行方法[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(12): 58-68.

Li ZHOU, Chuanyu XIONG, Fangchao KE, Zhiwei LI, Hong ZHANG, Ran CHEN, Wanfang LIU, Yazhou YU, Liqin REN. Economic Operation Method of Active Distribution Network Based on Blockchain and Endowment Effect[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56(12): 58-68.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305036

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V56/I12/58

图/表 13

图 1 主动配电网经济运行系统架构

Fig.1 Economic operation system architecture of active distribution network

图 2 电能交易平台链式结构

Fig.2 Chain structure of electricity transaction platform

图 3 电能交易平台区块链技术框图

Fig.3 Block diagram of blockchain technology of electricity transaction platform

图 4 禀赋因子变化

Fig.4 Changes in endowment factors

表 1 不同类型及功率参与主体初始信誉值

Table 1 Initial credit values of participants of different types and powers

参与主体	信誉值
参与主体	＜200 kW	200~400 kW	400~600 kW	＞600 kW
电力用户	0.75	0.80	0.85	0.90
分布式电源	0.80	0.85	0.90	0.95
储能设备	0.70	0.75	0.80	0.85
外部电网				0.60

图 5 模拟用户数量的合约数及处理时间

Fig.5 Contract number and processing time of simulated user number

表 2 对比方案参数设定

Table 2 Parameter settings of comparison schemes

参与主体	功率/kW	运行维护系数/(kW·元^–1)	数量/个	初始信誉值
电力用户1	200		1	0.75
电力用户2	450		1	0.85
电力用户3	300		2	0.80
光伏机组	300	0.63	1	0.85
风电机组	300	0.85	1	0.85
储能设备1	400	0.38	2	0.75
储能设备2	600	0.38	2	0.80
外部电网				0.60

图 6 需求响应值对比

Fig.6 Comparison of demand response values

图 7 方案1各参与主体交易

Fig.7 Transaction of each participant in Scheme 1

图 8 方案2各参与主体交易

Fig.8 Transaction of each participant in Scheme 2

图 9 方案3各参与主体交易

Fig.9 Transaction of each participant in Scheme 3

表 3 3种方案的经济效益对比

Table 3 Comparison of economic benefits of three schemes 单位：元

方案	用户用电成本	分布式电源效益	储能设备效益	系统总体效益
1	15001.2	1726.7	598.6	6796.3
2	14355.7	1920.1	726.8	7509.4
3	13735.5	2012.6	769.3	8337.6

表 4 不同置信水平下方案3系统总效益对比

Table 4 Comparison of total system benefits in Scheme 3 under different confidence levels 单位：元

$\alpha $	售电收益	用户用电成本	系统总体效益
0.70	21861.5	13735.5	8337.6
0.75	21715.7	13967.8	7962.7
0.80	21390.3	14309.3	7293.8
0.85	21277.6	14579.8	6910.6
0.90	21238.1	14654.6	6798.3
0.95	21183.2	14723.2	6674.8
1.00	21149.1	14829.9	6534.2

参考文献 25

1	张运洲, 张宁, 代红才, 等. 中国电力系统低碳发展分析模型构建与转型路径比较[J]. 中国电力, 2021, 54 (3): 1- 11.
	ZHANG Yunzhou, ZHANG Ning, DAI Hongcai, et al. Model construction and pathways of low-carbon transition of China’s power system[J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54 (3): 1- 11.
2	茹秋实, 米雪峰, 宋志刚, 等. 考虑储能-智能软开关的主动配电网混合时间尺度鲁棒优化[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55 (9): 129- 139.
	RU Qiushi, MI Xuefeng, SONG Zhigang, et al. Hybrid-timescale robust optimization in active distribution network with energy storage system-soft open point[J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55 (9): 129- 139.
3	田宇, 黄婧, 谢枭, 等. 主动配电网无功补偿和OLTC鲁棒多目标优化配置[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56 (3): 94- 99.
	TIAN Yu, HUANG Jing, XIE Xiao, et al. Multi-objective optimal allocation of reactive compensation and OLTC in active distribution network[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56 (3): 94- 99.
4	黄河, 高松, 朱磊, 等. 考虑多能互补的主动配电网规划与高效Benders求解方法[J]. 中国电力, 2019, 52 (6): 11- 18.
	HUANG He, GAO Song, ZHU Lei, et al. Active distribution network planning model and benders solution strategy considering multi-energy complementation[J]. Electric Power, 2019, 52 (6): 11- 18.
5	邢海军, 谢宝江, 秦建, 等. 考虑CVR的主动配电网优化运行方法[J]. 中国电力, 2021, 54 (11): 76- 81.
	XING Haijun, XIE Baojiang, QIN Jian, et al. Active distribution network optimal operation considering conservation voltage reduction[J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54 (11): 76- 81.
6	庞凯元, 王崇宇, 文福拴, 等. 主动配电网灵活孤岛划分与实时调度策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46 (22): 13- 24.
	PANG Kaiyuan, WANG Chongyu, WEN Fushuan, et al. Flexible islanding participation and real-time scheduling strategy for active distribution network[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46 (22): 13- 24.
7	叶畅, 苗世洪, 刘昊, 等. 联盟链框架下主动配电网电力交易主体合作演化策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35 (8): 1739- 1753.
	YE Chang, MIAO Shihong, LIU Hao, et al. Cooperative evolutionary game strategy for electricity trading stakeholders in active distribution network under consortium blockchain framework[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35 (8): 1739- 1753.
8	陈涛, 刘洋, 李文峰, 等. 基于区块链技术的微网自适应定价策略及经济调度方法[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42 (6): 17- 28. DOI
	CHEN Tao, LIU Yang, LI Wenfeng, et al. Adaptive microgrid price-making strategy and economic dispatching method based on blockchain technology[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2021, 42 (6): 17- 28. DOI
9	穆程刚, 丁涛, 曲明, 等. 基于区块链的表后微网系统及其点对点能量块交易模型设计[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41 (20): 6927- 6941. DOI
	MU Chenggang, DING Tao, QU Ming, et al. Blockchain-oriented behind-the-meter microgrid and its peer-to-peer distributed transaction model with energy blocks[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41 (20): 6927- 6941. DOI
10	沈泽宇, 陈思捷, 严正, 等. 基于区块链的分布式能源交易技术[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41 (11): 3841- 3851.
	SHEN Zeyu, CHEN Sijie, YAN Zheng, et al. Distributed energy trading technology based on blockchain[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41 (11): 3841- 3851.
11	张利华, 胡方舟, 黄阳, 等. 基于联盟链的微电网身份认证协议[J]. 应用科学学报, 2020, 38 (1): 173- 183. DOI
	ZHANG Lihua, HU Fangzhou, HUANG Yang, et al. Identity authentication protocol of micro-grid power based on consortium blockchain[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2020, 38 (1): 173- 183. DOI
12	祝垒, 陈中, 颜云松, 等. 基于权威证明的微电网分层交易策略[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45 (11): 4356- 4365.
	ZHU Lei, CHEN Zhong, YAN Yunsong, et al. Hierarchical transaction strategy of microgrid based on proof of authority[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45 (11): 4356- 4365.
13	杨晓东, 张有兵, 卢俊杰, 等. 基于区块链技术的能源局域网储能系统自动需求响应[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37 (13): 3703- 3716.
	YANG Xiaodong, ZHANG Youbing, LU Junjie, et al. Blockchain-based automated demand response method for energy storage system in an energy local network[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37 (13): 3703- 3716.
14	尤宏亮, 赵哲源, 刘建戈, 等. 基于区块链的电力需求响应交易机制研究与实现[J]. 电力需求侧管理, 2022, 24 (1): 28- 33. DOI
	YOU Hongliang, ZHAO Zheyuan, LIU Jiange, et al. Research and implementation of blockchain-based electrical power demand response transaction system[J]. Power Demand Side Management, 2022, 24 (1): 28- 33. DOI
15	陈冠廷, 张利, 刘宁宁, 等. 基于区块链的面向居民用户需求响应交易机制[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2020, 40 (8): 9- 17.
	CHEN Guanting, ZHANG Li, LIU Ningning, et al. Blockchain-based transaction mechanism for residential users demand response[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2020, 40 (8): 9- 17.
16	王蓓蓓, 王骐鑫, 李雅超, 等. 区块链环境下考虑信用的需求响应资源交易机制[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45 (5): 30- 38. DOI
	WANG Beibei, WANG Qixin, LI Yachao, et al. Transaction mechanism of demand response resource considering credit in blockchain environment[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45 (5): 30- 38. DOI
17	KAHNEMAN D, KNETSCH J L, THALER R H. Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the Coase theorem[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1990, 98 (6): 1325- 1348.
18	LIU J Q, WANG W, LI D, et al. Role of gifts in decision making: an endowment effect incentive mechanism for offloading in the IoV[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2019, 6 (4): 6933- 6951.
19	王雨格, 孟全省, 陈秉谱. 产权强度对公益林区林地流转的影响: 基于禀赋效应与安全感知视角[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43 (1): 161- 170. DOI
	WANG Yuge, MENG Quanxing, CHEN Bingpu. Impact of forest land tenure security on the circulation of ecological forest land: from the perspective of endowment effect and security perception[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43 (1): 161- 170. DOI
20	李力行, 苗世洪, 孙丹丹, 等. 多利益主体参与下主动配电网完全信息动态博弈行为[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33 (15): 3499- 3509.
	LI Lixing, MIAO Shihong, SUN Dandan, et al. Dynamic games of complete information in active distribution network with multi-stakeholder participation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33 (15): 3499- 3509.
21	龚钢军, 杨晟, 王慧娟, 等. 综合能源服务区块链的网络架构、交互模型与信用评价[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40 (18): 5897- 5911.
	GONG Gangjun, YANG Sheng, WANG Huijuan, et al. Network architecture, interaction model and credit evaluation of integrated energy service blockchain[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40 (18): 5897- 5911.
22	龚诚嘉锐, 林顺富, 边晓燕, 等. 基于多主体主从博弈的负荷聚合商经济优化模型[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2022, 50 (2): 30- 40.
	GONG Chengjiarui, LIN Shunfu, BIAN Xiaoyan, et al. Economic optimization model of a load aggregator based on the multi-agent Stackelberg game[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2022, 50 (2): 30- 40.
23	张靖琛, 于鹤洋, 周自强, 等. 面向负荷聚合商的智能合约微服务架构设计及实现[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46 (21): 125- 133.
	ZHANG Jingchen, YU Heyang, ZHOU Ziqiang, et al. Design and implementation of smart contract micro-service architecture for load aggregator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46 (21): 125- 133.
24	靳开元, 杨建华, 陈正, 等. 基于区块链的分布式光伏就地消纳交易模式研究[J]. 中国电力, 2021, 54 (5): 8- 16.
	JIN Kaiyun, YANG Jianhua, CHEN Zheng, et al. Blockchain-based transaction model of distributed photovoltaic generation for local power consumption[J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54 (5): 8- 16.
25	沈泽宇, 陈思捷, 严正, 等. 基于区块链的多能协同运行(二): 仿真平台与算例[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42 (10): 3527- 3538.
	SHEN Zeyu, CHEN Sijie, YAN Zheng, et al. Multi-energy synergy and co-optimization based on blockchain(part Ⅱ): platform and case[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42 (10): 3527- 3538.

[1]	贾东梨, 杨晓雨, 刘科研, 叶学顺, 李昭. 考虑净负荷不确定性的配电网协同调度[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(9): 169-180.
[2]	凡鹏飞, 李宝琴, 侯江伟, 李嵘, 宋崇明, 林凯骏. 配电网分布式电源经济可承载力评估[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 196-202.
[3]	王家武, 赵佃云, 刘长锋, 陈康, 张玉敏. 基于目标级联法的多主体主动配电网自治协同优化[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 214-226.
[4]	焦昊, 殷岩岩, 吴晨, 刘建, 徐春雷, 徐贤, 孙国强. 基于安全强化学习的主动配电网有功-无功协调优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(3): 43-50.
[5]	龚逊东, 郭维嘉, 杨晨, 周力, 董晓峰, 朱俊澎. 基于动态孤岛的主动配电网多阶段故障恢复策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(1): 158-166.
[6]	岳园园, 王主丁, 王辉, 罗璇, 苏舟, 惠子珈. 考虑设备调节成本的主动配电网日前优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(8): 136-142.
[7]	杨珂, 王栋, 李达, 钱晓雨, 李军. 面向能源电力区块链的跨域身份控制模型[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(5): 209-216.
[8]	田宇, 黄婧, 谢枭, 王若昕, 沈丹青, 何丽娜, 杨凯帆, 陈汝科. 主动配电网无功补偿和OLTC鲁棒多目标优化配置[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(3): 94-99.
[9]	茹秋实, 米雪峰, 宋志刚, 刘金涛, 雷霞. 考虑储能-智能软开关的主动配电网混合时间尺度鲁棒优化[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55(9): 129-139.
[10]	田福银, 马骏, 王灿, 李欣然, 王傲奇, 褚四虎, 凌凯, 张羽, 甘友春. 基于双层主从博弈的综合能源系统多主体低碳经济运行策略[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55(11): 184-193.
[11]	赵丙镇, 李达, 王栋, 郭庆雷, 俞果. 能源电力区块链技术标准体系研究[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55(10): 191-200.
[12]	张进, 胡存刚, 芮涛. 基于交替方向乘子法的主动配电网日前两阶段分布式优化调度策略[J]. 中国电力, 2021, 54(5): 91-100.
[13]	翁嘉明, 刘东, 安宇, 殷浩洋, 黄植, 秦汉. 馈线功率控制下的主动配电网信息物理风险演化分析[J]. 中国电力, 2021, 54(3): 13-22.
[14]	徐艳春, 赵彩彩, 孙思涵, MI Lu. 基于改进LMD和能量相对熵的主动配电网故障定位方法[J]. 中国电力, 2021, 54(11): 133-143.
[15]	邢海军, 谢宝江, 秦建, 罗扬帆, 娄伟明. 考虑CVR的主动配电网优化运行方法[J]. 中国电力, 2021, 54(11): 76-81.