考虑负荷低碳响应能力的多区互联电力系统低碳经济调度模型

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202510009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有需求响应能力仅局限于电力负荷，其到碳排表征仍存中间变量且一致性效果差，造成用户侧降碳作用未能完全发现，因此提出一种考虑负荷低碳响应能力的多区互联电力系统低碳经济调度。首先，建立用户侧低碳能用引导信号用于量化用户侧低碳调节作用。然后，面向多区互联系统，构建计及负荷低碳响应能力的双层优化模型。其中，上层为基于纳什谈判理论的多区系统合作博弈模型，旨在保障各区主体收益独立基础上实现系统风光消纳整体平衡；下层为以耦合碳排放因子为低碳引导的用户侧低碳需求响应模型，旨在促进区域内源荷间低碳互动能力。最后，通过能碳贡献因子实现不同主体的利益公平分配，进而保障市场环境下的所建模型公平合理性。算例结果表明：较传统基于电力需求响应驱动的多区互联系统低碳经济调度方法，所提模型能进一步挖掘用户侧低碳潜力，有效降低系统碳排放量，同时可一定程度上降低系统运行成本，且保证各主体利益分配的合理性。

关键词: 碳排放流理论, 边际碳排放因子, 多区互联系统, 纳什议价, 用户侧储能

Abstract:

Current demand response capabilities are limited to electrical loads, with intermediate variables existing in carbon emission characterization and poor consistency in calculation results. This leads to the incomplete exploitation of the carbon reduction potential on the user side. To address this issue, this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy for multi-region interconnected power systems that accounts for the load low-carbon response capability. First, a user-side low-carbon energy-use incentive signal is established to quantify the user-side low-carbon regulation effect. Second, a bi-level optimization model incorporating load low-carbon response capability is constructed for multi-region interconnected systems. The upper-level model is a cooperative game model based on the Nash bargaining theory, aiming to achieve the overall balance of wind and solar energy accommodation while ensuring the independent revenue of each regional entity. The lower-level model is a user-side low-carbon demand response model guided by coupling carbon emission factors, which is designed to enhance the low-carbon interaction between internal sources and loads in each region. Finally, a carbon-energy contribution factor is introduced to realize the fair distribution of benefits among different entities, thus ensuring the fairness and rationality of the proposed model under the market environment. Case study results show that, compared with the traditional low-carbon economic dispatch method for multi-region interconnected systems driven by electrical demand response, the proposed model can further tap the user-side low-carbon potential, effectively reduce the system carbon emissions, decrease the system operation cost to a certain extent, and guarantee the rationality of benefit distribution among all entities.

Key words: carbon emission flow theory, marginal carbon intensity, multi-region interconnected system, Nash bargaining, User-side energy storage

魏震波, 金文杰, 臧天磊, 郑蕉雨, 罗辰昊, 张鑫媛. 考虑负荷低碳响应能力的多区互联电力系统低碳经济调度模型[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(3): 1-13.

WEI Zhenbo, JIN Wenjie, ZANG Tianlei, ZHENG Jiaoyu, LUO Chenhao, ZHANG Xinyuan. Low-carbon economic dispatch model of multi-region interconnected power system considering load low-carbon response capability[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(3): 1-13.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202510009

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V59/I3/1

图/表 19

图 1 多区互联系统内外协同降碳机制

Fig.1 Internal and external coordinated carbon reduction mechanism for multi-region interconnected systems

图 2 考虑负荷低碳响应的多区互联系统低碳经济调度求解流程

Fig.2 Solution process for low carbon economic dispatch of multi-region interconnected systems considering low carbon response of load

图 3 系统1拓扑

Fig.3 Topology of system 1

图 4 系统1的新能源出力及负荷预测功率

Fig.4 Renewable energy output and load forecasting of system1

图 5 系统1的储能日前出力及分时电价

Fig.5 Day-Ahead energy storage output and time of use electricity price of system1

图 6 负荷节点边际碳排放因子

Fig.6 Marginal carbon intensity of load nodes

图 7 负荷节点碳势

Fig.7 Carbon intensity of load nodes

图 8 负荷节点耦合碳排放因子

Fig.8 Coupling carbon intensity of load nodes

表 1 不同场景下的运行结果

Table 1 Operation results in different scenarios

场景	总成本/万元	弃风弃光量/(MW·h)	碳排放量/t
1	139.46	206.34	3 161.43
2	135.55	95.33	3 057.26
3	135.16	76.34	3 037.65
4	133.96	44.66	3 009.14

图 9 不同场景下的储能出力

Fig.9 ES output in different scenarios

图 10 不同场景下的弃风弃光量

Fig.10 Amount of wind and PV curtailment in different scenarios

表 2 场景设置

Table 2 Scenario Setting

场景	各系统独立运行	各系统合作运行	考虑源荷间低碳互动	考虑电碳贡献因子
1	√
2		√
3	√		√
4		√	√
5		√	√	√

表 3 不同场景下的系统碳排放量

Table 3 System carbon emissions in different scenarios 单位：t

场景	系统1碳排放量	系统2碳排放量	系统3碳排放量	总碳排放量
1	3 161.43	2 112.26	2 491.01	7 764.70
2	3 092.41	1 909.05	2 074.64	7 076.10
3	3 009.14	1 986.85	2 394.69	7 390.68
4	2 914.25	1 840.69	1 993.61	6 748.55

表 4 不同场景下的系统成本

Table 4 System cost in different scenarios 单位：万元

场景	系统1成本	系统2成本	系统3成本	总成本
1	139.46	119.07	113.46	371.99
2	133.37	108.58	102.15	344.10
3	133.96	114.22	109.64	357.82
4	130.97	101.56	97.47	330.00

图 11 系统间电能交互量

Fig.11 Volume of Power Exchange Between Systems

图 12 传输电能碳排放强度

Fig.12 Carbon emission intensity of electric energy transmission

表 5 标准模型下的利益分配

Table 5 Benefit distribution of standard model 单位：万元

系统	独立运行成本	合作运行成本	最终成本	收益提升
1	139.46	130.97	125.47	13.99
2	119.07	101.56	105.07	14.00
3	113.46	97.47	99.46	14.00

表 6 基于能碳贡献因子的利益分配

Table 6 Benefit distribution based on energy-carbon contribution factor 单位：万元

系统	独立运行成本	合作运行成本	合作后支付收益	最终成本	收益提升
1	139.46	130.97	3.51	127.46	12.00
2	119.07	101.56	3.19	98.37	20.70
3	113.46	97.48	–6.69	104.17	9.29

表 7 各系统能碳贡献因子

Table 7 Contribution factor of energy-carbon of each system

系统	能量提供量/(MW·h)	能量接收量/(MW·h)	提供能量度电碳排强度/ (t·(MW·h)^–1)	接收能量度电碳排强度/ (t·(MW·h)^–1)	能碳贡献因子
1	154.61	334.93	0.059 0	0.080 7	0.805
2	752.80	140.51	0.133 0	0.464 2	1.384
3	116.92	548.89	0.653 6	0.170 2	0.624

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