计及控保协同的自适应电流差动保护方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202407104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大规模新能源经柔性直流输电（以下简称“柔直”）送出系统已成为中国新型电力系统中的典型场景，然而新能源场站与柔直换流器之间的交流输电线路两侧均为电力电子装置，短路电流受到不同换流器控制策略影响导致波形畸变严重，使得传统纵联保护灵敏度降低，拒动风险增大。提出了计及控保协同的自适应电流差动保护方法。以柔直换流器故障穿越策略为基础，分析了故障时两侧的故障电流特征，并将换流器控制参考值与保护判据相结合，构建了控制与保护协同的自适应保护判据。基于PSCAD搭建新能源经柔直送出系统的模型，仿真结果表明：所提保护可快速识别故障区间内不同类型故障，与传统差动保护原理相比，灵敏度提高了两到三倍，满足新型电力系统安全稳定运行对保护灵敏性与可靠性的需求。

关键词: 交流线路, 故障穿越, 控保协同, 柔性直流

Abstract:

The VSC-HVDC transmission system for large-scale new energy has become a typical scenario in China's new power system. However, the transmission line between the new energy station and the flexible direct converter is special with its both sides being power electronic devices, and affected by different converter control strategies, the short-circuit current waveform is seriously distorted, which reduces the sensitivity of traditional longitudinal protection and increases the risk of rejection. Therefore, an adaptive current differential protection method considering control and protection coordination is proposed. Based on the fault ride throgh strategy of the VSC-HVDC, the fault current characteristics on both sides are analyzed, and an adaptive protection criterion for control and protection coordination is constructed by combining the control reference value of the converter and the protection criterion. Finally, a VSC-HVDC transmission system model for new energy is built based on PSCAD, and the performance of the proposed protection is verified by simulation. The results show that the proposed protection can quickly identify different fault types in the fault region with the sensitivity improved by 2~3 times compared with the traditional differential protection principle, which can meet the requirements of the new power systems for protection sensitivity and reliability.

Key words: AC lines, fault ride through, control and insurance coordination, VSC-HVDC

张博, 王聪博, 詹荣荣, 余越. 计及控保协同的自适应电流差动保护方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 1-8.

Bo ZHANG, Congbo WANG, Rongrong ZHAN, Yue YU. Adaptive Current Differential Protection Method Considering Control and Protection Coordination[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(2): 1-8.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202407104

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I2/1

图/表 12

图 1 新能源场经柔直交流线路送出系统拓扑

Fig.1 Topology of VSC-HVDC system with the new energy stations

图 2 新能源场站侧与柔直侧故障穿越控制策略

Fig.2 Fault ride through control strategy for double terminal converter station

图 3 静止与旋转坐标系的空间矢量关系

Fig.3 The space vector relationship between the stationary and rotating coordinate systems

图 4 交流送出线路相间故障

Fig.4 Phase-to-phase fault in AC line

图 5 制动系数与灵敏度系数变化规律

Fig.5 Variations of braking coefficient and sensitivity coefficient

图 6 PSCAD故障测试仿真模型

Fig.6 PSCAD simulation test system

表 1 不同故障情况下所提保护仿真结果

Table 1 Simulation results of the proposed protection under different fault conditions

故障位置		故障类型	灵敏度K_se			动作情况
故障位置		故障类型	A相	B相	C相	动作情况
区内故障	f₂	AG	4.7531			正确动作
		BC		6.1326	3.7057	正确动作
		BCG		6.1753	3.8389	正确动作
		ABC	2.725	3.8531	3.7874	正确动作
	f₁	AG	3.5131			正确动作
		BC		5.9503	3.0058	正确动作
		BCG		6.0279	3.4721	正确动作
		ABC	2.6724	3.2832	3.1637	正确动作
	f₃	AG	3.4042			正确动作
		BC		5.3241	2.9298	正确动作
		BCG		5.5793	3.3441	正确动作
		ABC	2.2134	2.9027	2.9362	正确动作
区外故障	f₄	AG	0.0042			不动作
		BC		0.0043	0.0058	不动作
		BCG		0.0044	0.0036	不动作
		ABC	0.0024	0.0038	0.0034	不动作
	f₅	AG	0.0058			不动作
		BC		0.0039	0.0063	不动作
		BCG		0.0032	0.0049	不动作
		ABC	0.0035	0.0034	0.0023	不动作

图 7 交流线路故障后的保护动作性能

Fig.7 Protection performance after AC line fault

表 2 不同过渡电阻情况下所提保护性能

Table 2 Performance of the proposed protection under different transition resistance scenarios

故障类型	过渡电阻/Ω	灵敏度K_se
故障类型	过渡电阻/Ω	A相	B相	C相
AG	25	3.1191	0.0094	0.0052
	50	2.2597	0.0080	0.0071
	75	2.1402	0.0036	0.0072
	100	1.8457	0.0081	0.0079
BC	25	0.0062	5.3737	2.8711
BC	50	0.0053	5.0722	2.0541
BCG	25	0.0066	4.0968	2.1290
	50	0.0083	3.7178	1.9081
	75	0.0073	3.5106	1.8331
	100	0.0044	3.1077	1.7464

图 8 保护性能对比

Fig.8 Comparison of protection performances

表 3 保护动作灵敏度对比

Table 3 Comparison of protection action times

故障类型	保护新原理灵敏度K_se			传统差动保护灵敏度
故障类型	A相	B相	C相	A相	B相	C相
AG	3.5131			1.8411
BC		5.9503	3.0058		2.5437	1.2850
BCG		6.0279	3.4721		2.6975	1.5538
ABC	2.6724	3.2832	3.1637	1.2220	1.3764	1.3525

图 9 邻线故障影响下所提保护动作性能

Fig.9 Performance of the proposed protection under the influence of adjacent line faults

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