基于5G通信的有源配电网新能源送出线路纵联保护

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202307031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统纵联差动保护在新能源场站接入后会出现可靠性降低甚至拒动的问题。为此，首先提出了秩差累加积波形相似度算法并分析了其抗干扰特性，该算法通过计算两组数据的最大不匹配程度来度量两波形的相似度，显著减弱了异常数据对波形相似度判断的影响。在此基础上，利用送出线路两侧暂态电流时域波形特征的差异，提出了基于5G通信技术纵联保护新原理并构建了完整的保护方案。最后，通过PSCAD/EMTDC验证了所提保护方案的性能。仿真结果表明，所提方案不受新能源类型的限制，适用于各类新能源场站，具有良好的抗延时防误动、抗噪声及异常数据的能力；在新能源弱出力及断路器重合于永久性故障情况下也具备良好的动作性能。

关键词: 新能源, 有源配电网, 纵联保护, 5G通信, 波形相似度, 暂态电流

Abstract:

Traditional pilot differential protection will have the problem of reliability reduction or even failure to operate after the access of new energy stations. To this end, this paper first proposes a rank difference accumulation waveform similarity algorithm and analyzes its anti-interference characteristics. The algorithm measures the similarity of two waveforms by calculating the maximum mismatch degree of two sets of data, which significantly reduces the influence of abnormal data on waveform similarity judgment. On this basis, using the difference of transient current waveform characteristics on both sides of the transmission line, the paper proposes a new pilot protection principle based on 5G communication technology and constructs a complete protection scheme. Finally, the performance of the proposed protection scheme is verified with PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results show that the scheme is not limited by the types of new energy and is suitable for all kinds of new energy stations. It has a good ability to resist delay, misoperation, noise, and abnormal data. It also has good operation performance in the cases of weak output of new energy and circuit breaker reclosing on permanent fault.

Key words: new energy, active distribution network, pilot protection, 5G communication, waveform similarity, transient current

李铁成, 范辉, 张卫明, 王献志, 张艺宏, 戴志辉. 基于5G通信的有源配电网新能源送出线路纵联保护[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(11): 139-150.

Tiecheng LI, Hui FAN, Weiming ZHANG, Xianzhi WANG, Yihong ZHANG, Zhihui DAI. Pilot Protection of New Energy Transmission Line in Active Distribution Network Based on 5G Communication[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(11): 139-150.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202307031

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I11/139

图/表 21

图 1 标准波形示例

Fig.1 Standard waveform example

图 2 算法抗干扰特性分析

Fig.2 Anti-interference characteristics of algorithm

表 1 异常数据不同值时AR的变化

Table 1 Changes in AR with different values of abnormal data

场景	异常数据1	异常数据2	A_R	场景	异常数据1	异常数据2	A_R
1	–1.0	–0.3	54	9	0.30	–0.30	56
2	–0.4	–0.3	54	10	0.40	–0.30	58
3	–0.3	–0.3	54	11	0.50	–0.30	58
4	–0.2	–0.3	54	12	1.00	–0.30	58
5	–0.1	–0.3	54	13	0.01	0.20	8
6	0	–0.3	42	14	0.20	0.01	30
7	0.1	–0.3	42	15	0.20	–0.20	44
8	0.2	–0.3	44	16	0.20	–1.00	44

图 3 基于5G通信的配网纵联保护构成方式

Fig.3 Composition of distribution network pilot protection based on 5G communication

图 4 送出线路纵联保护系统整体结构

Fig.4 Overall structure of pilot protection system for transmission lines

图 5 风机接入配网送出线路

Fig.5 Fan access to distribution network transmission line

图 6 保护方案流程

Fig.6 Flowchart of protection scheme

图 7 典型新能源场站送出线路拓扑

Fig.7 Transmission line topology of typical new energy station

表 2 新能源电站仿真参数

Table 2 Simulation parameters of new energy station

类型	参数	数值
光伏电站	额定容量/MW	8
	逆变器直流母线电压/kV	1
	逆变器直流侧电容/μF	3900
	光伏额定输出电压/kV	0.6
	网侧线电压/kV	10.5
	电网频率/Hz	50
	额定容量MW	20
风电场	切入风速/(m·s^–1)	3
	切出风速/(m·s^–1)	25
	额定风速/(m·s^–1)	11
	风机叶片半径/m	46
	空气密度/(kg·m^–3)	1.225

图 8 f1处发生三相短路时AR 随时间的动态变化

Fig.8 Dynamic change of AR with time when three-phase short circuit occurs at f1

图 9 A相接地故障所提保护的动作情况

Fig.9 Action of protection proposed by A-phase grounding fault

图 10 AB两相短路故障所提保护的动作情况

Fig.10 Action of protection proposed by AB two-phase short circuit fault

表 3 区内各故障类型AR值

Table 3 AR value of each fault type in fault zone

故障位置	故障类型	A_R
故障位置	故障类型	A相	B相	C相
区内f₂	AG	450	0	0
	AB	450	450	0
	ABG	450	450	0
	ABC	450	450	450
区内f₃	AG	450	0	0
	AB	450	450	0
	ABG	450	450	0
	ABC	450	450	450

图 11 延时1.2 ms两侧短路电流波形

Fig.11 Short-circuit current waveform on both sides delayed by 1.2 ms

图 12 1.2 ms同步误差对各相AR的影响

Fig.12 Influence of 1.2 ms synchronization error on each phase AR

图 13 传统电流差动保护在不同接地电阻情况下的动态变化

Fig.13 Dynamic changes of traditional current differential protection under different grounding resistances

图 14 AR在不同接地电阻情况下的动态变化

Fig.14 Dynamic changes of AR under different grounding resistances

图 15 新能源场站出力为0时AR随时间变化情况

Fig.15 Change of AR with time when new energy station output is 0

表 4 新能源场站不同功率输出下的保护性能

Table 4 Protection performance of new energy station under different power outputs

功率输出/MW	故障类型	A_R
功率输出/MW	故障类型	A相	B相	C相
0	AG	225	0	0
	AB	225	225	0
	ABG	225	225	0
	ABC	225	225	225
10	AG	450	0	0
	AB	450	450	0
	ABG	450	450	0
	ABC	450	450	450
20	AG	450	0	0
	AB	450	450	0
	ABG	450	450	0
	ABC	450	450	450

表 5 噪声环境下发生不同故障AR值

Table 5 Different fault AR values occur in noise environment

故障类型	A_R
故障类型	A相	B相	C相
AG	450	68	32
AB	448	450	62
ABG	450	450	104
ABC	450	446	446

图 16 保护区外f1三相短路故障且电流互感器饱和工况

Fig.16 Operating condition of f1 three-phase short-circuit fault outside the protection zone and current transformer saturation

参考文献 26

1	蒲天骄, 刘克文, 陈乃仕, 等. 基于主动配电网的城市能源互联网体系架构及其关键技术[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35 (14): 3511- 3521.
	PU Tianjiao, LIU Kewen, CHEN Naishi, et al. Design of ADN based urban energy internet architecture and its technological issues[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35 (14): 3511- 3521.
2	唐佳雄, 王国锋, 徐宇恒, 等. 配网线路新型灭弧装置熄灭工频电弧的仿真与试验研究[J]. 电测与仪表, 2022, 59 (8): 120- 126.
	TANG Jiaxiong, WANG Guofeng, XU Yuheng, et al. Simulation and experimental research on extinguishing power frequency arc by novel arc extinguishing device in distribution line[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2022, 59 (8): 120- 126.
3	陈国平, 董昱, 梁志峰. 能源转型中的中国特色新能源高质量发展分析与思考[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40 (17): 5493- 5506.
	CHEN Guoping, DONG Yu, LIANG Zhifeng. Analysis and reflection on high-quality development of new energy with Chinese characteristics in energy transition[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40 (17): 5493- 5506.
4	李铁成, 范辉, 臧谦, 等. 基于5G通信的有源配电网多点同步保护方案[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56 (11): 113- 120.
	LI Tiecheng, FAN Hui, ZANG Qian, et al. Multi-point synchronous protection scheme for active distribution network based on 5G communication[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56 (11): 113- 120.
5	朱鹏程, 刘曌煜, 孙可, 等. 基于多分块交替方向乘子法的蜂巢状配电网分布式优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56 (6): 90- 100.
	ZHU Pengcheng, LIU Zhaoyu, SUN Ke, et al. Optimal scheduling of honeycomb distribution network based on BADMM[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56 (6): 90- 100.
6	罗竟哲, 李杰, 王钢. T接逆变型分布式电源和负荷的馈线纵联保护新原理[J]. 广东电力, 2022, 35 (8): 41- 49.
	LUO Jingzhe, LI Jie, WANG Gang. New principle of pilot protection for feeder T-connected with IIDG and load[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2022, 35 (8): 41- 49.
7	朱英伟, 徐峰, 吴佳毅, 等. 基于序分量的智能分布式配电网保护方案[J]. 广东电力, 2022, 35 (4): 47- 55.
	ZHU Yingwei, XU Feng, WU Jiayi, et al. Intelligent distributed distribution network protection scheme based on sequence component[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2022, 35 (4): 47- 55.
8	曾翔, 文明浩, 钱堃, 等. 逆变型分布式电源接入对接地距离保护的影响与对策[J]. 智慧电力, 2023, 51 (1): 46- 53.
	ZENG Xiang, WEN Minghao, QIAN Kun, et al. Influence of inverter-interfaced distributed generation integration on grounding distance protection and its strategies[J]. Smart Power, 2023, 51 (1): 46- 53.
9	高崇, 陈沛东, 曹华珍, 等. 中压配电网分布式智能后备保护方案[J]. 南方电网技术, 2023, 17 (8): 77- 84.
	GAO Chong, CHEN Peidong, CAO Huazhen, et al. Distributed intelligent backup protection scheme of medium voltage distribution network[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2023, 17 (8): 77- 84.
10	杨国生, 樊沛林, 王聪博, 等. 基于能量分布的新能源场站送出线路纵联保护[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47 (4): 1415- 1424.
	YANG Guosheng, FAN Peilin, WANG Congbo, et al. Pilot protection based on energy distribution for transmission line connected to renewable power plants[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47 (4): 1415- 1424.
11	王子璇, 马啸, 杨勇, 等. 计及不可测分支负荷电源助增效应的有源配网幅值差动保护新判据[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40 (S1): 56- 68.
	WANG Zixuan, MA Xiao, YANG Yong, et al. A new criterion of amplitude differential protection for active distribution network considering load power effect of unmeasurable branches[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40 (S1): 56- 68.
12	刘幸蔚, 李永丽, 陈晓龙, 等. 逆变型分布式电源T接线路后纵联差动保护的改进方案[J]. 电网技术, 2016, 40 (4): 1257- 1264.
	LIU Xingwei, LI Yongli, CHEN Xiaolong, et al. An improved scheme of longitudinal differential protection for teed lines with inverter-based distributed generations[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40 (4): 1257- 1264.
13	韩博文, 王钢, 李海锋, 等. 含逆变型分布式电源配电网的新型纵联保护方案[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43 (10): 3453- 3462.
	HAN Bowen, WANG Gang, LI Haifeng, et al. Novel pilot protection scheme for distribution networks with inverter-interfaced distributed generators[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43 (10): 3453- 3462.
14	LIN X N, MA X, WANG Z X, et al. A novel current amplitude differential protection for active distribution network considering the source-effect of IM-type unmeasurable load branches[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2021, 129, 106780.
15	王婷, 刘渊, 李凤婷, 等. 光伏T接高压配电网电流差动保护研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2015, 43 (13): 60- 65.
	WANG Ting, LIU Yuan, LI Fengting, et al. Research on the current differential protection where PV access to the high voltage distribution network with T-type[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2015, 43 (13): 60- 65.
16	魏东辉, 于舜尧, 房俊龙. 基于综合序电流的含光伏电源配电网纵联保护方案[J]. 太阳能学报, 2021, 42 (7): 185- 192.
	WEI Donghui, YU Shunyao, FANG Junlong. Pilot protection scheme based on integrated sequence current for distribution network with photovoltaic[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2021, 42 (7): 185- 192.
17	朱妍, 陆于平, 黄涛. 计及谐波频率特征的含风电配电网充分式电流幅值差动保护[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44 (16): 130- 136. DOI
	ZHU Yan, LU Yuping, HUANG Tao. Sufficient current amplitude differential protection considering frequency characteristic of harmonics for distribution network with wind power[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44 (16): 130- 136. DOI
18	FANG Y, JIA K, YANG Z, et al. Impact of inverter-interfaced renewable energy generators on distance protection and an improved scheme[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019, 66 (9): 7078- 7088. DOI
19	PRASAD C D, BISWAL M, ABDELAZIZ A Y. Adaptive differential protection scheme for wind farm integrated power network[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2020, 187, 106452. DOI
20	游步新, 卜京, 殷明慧. 基于瞬时电流特征的电流互感器饱和识别改进方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2018, 38 (4): 29- 35.
	YOU Buxin, BU Jing, YIN Minghui. Improved identification of CT saturation based on transient current characteristics[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2018, 38 (4): 29- 35.
21	ZHOU C H, ZOU G B, DU X G, et al. Adaptive current differential protection for active distribution network considering time synchronization error[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2022, 140, 108085.
22	贾科, 郑黎明, 毕天姝, 等. 基于余弦相似度的风电场站送出线路纵联保护[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39 (21): 6263- 6275.
	JIA Ke, ZHENG Liming, BI Tianshu, et al. Pilot protection based on cosine similarity for transmission line connected to wind farms[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39 (21): 6263- 6275.
23	胡勇, 郑黎明, 贾科, 等. 基于Tanimoto相似度的光伏场站送出线路纵联保护[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2021, 49 (3): 74- 79.
	HU Yong, ZHENG Liming, JIA Ke, et al. Pilot protection based on Tanimoto similarity for a photovoltaic station transmission line[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2021, 49 (3): 74- 79.
24	MORGADO A, HUQ K M S, MUMTAZ S, et al. A survey of 5G technologies: regulatory, standardization and industrial perspectives[J]. Digital Communications and Networks, 2018, 4 (2): 87- 97. DOI
25	娄为, 韩学军, 韩俊, 等. 基于5G和光纤综合通道的输电线路差动保护方法[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2022, 50 (1): 158- 166.
	LOU Wei, HAN Xuejun, HAN Jun, et al. A transmission line differential protection method based on 5G and optical fiber integrated channels[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2022, 50 (1): 158- 166.
26	邹晓峰, 沈冰, 蒋献伟. 5G通信条件下配网差动保护快速动作方案研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2022, 50 (16): 163- 169.
	ZOU Xiaofeng, SHEN Bing, JIANG Xianwei. A quick action scheme of differential protection for a distribution network with 5G communication[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2022, 50 (16): 163- 169.

[1]	张磊, 马晓伟, 王满亮, 陈力, 高丙团. 互联新能源电力系统区内AGC机组分布式协同控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(3): 8-19.
[2]	汪林光, 李旭涛, 任勇, 谢小荣. 基于元启发式算法的新能源电力系统振荡稳定性最差工况搜索方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(3): 65-72.
[3]	邹小燕, 张瑞宏. 考虑政府干预的可再生能源与储能企业合作模式演化博弈研究[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(1): 153-163.
[4]	王雨晴, 张敏, 王嘉兴, 李泊皓, 杨天阳, 曾鸣. 基于超模博弈的共享储能容量租赁价格决策[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(1): 164-173.
[5]	孙东磊, 王宪, 孙毅, 孟祥飞, 张涌琛, 张玉敏. 基于多面体不确定集合的电力系统灵活性量化评估方法[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(9): 146-155.
[6]	孙东磊, 孙毅, 刘蕊, 孙鹏凯, 张玉敏. 计及多层级配电网的分布式新能源最大消纳空间分解测算[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(8): 108-116.
[7]	李鲁阳, 陈龙翔, 陈磊, 孙大卫, 吴林林, 闵勇. 用于新能源一次调频的储能经济配置研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 54-65.
[8]	李佳蔚, 张冠宇. 大规模分布式新能源接入对省级电网稳定性影响[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 174-180.
[9]	高政南, 姜楠, 陈启鑫, 徐江, 王海利, 辛力, 徐青贵. 德国电力市场能源转型建设及启示[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 204-214.
[10]	李咸善, 丁胜彪, 李飞, 李欣. 考虑水电调节费用补偿的风光水联盟优化调度策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(5): 26-38.
[11]	朱子民, 张锦芳, 常清, 周专, 张晓林. 大规模新能源接入弱同步支撑柔直系统的送端自适应VSG控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(5): 211-221.
[12]	王帅, 黄越辉, 聂元弘, 刘思扬. 基于生产模拟的受端电网新能源发展场景研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(5): 240-250.
[13]	李虎军, 张栋, 吕梦璇, 邓方钊, 杨萌, 元博. 考虑碳排放约束的新能源与调峰资源优化配置方法[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(4): 42-51.
[14]	叶小宁, 王彩霞, 李琼慧, 杨超. 国外新能源高占比电力系统电力供应保障措施及启示[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(4): 61-67.
[15]	周勤勇, 李根兆, 秦晓辉, 施浩波, 陈文静, 龚浩岳. 能源革命下的电力系统范式转换分析[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(3): 1-11.