Table of Content

23 October 2013, Volume 46 Issue 10

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Generation Technology

Testing on Domestically-Made 600-MW Supercritical Units in Broad Peak-Regulation of Power Grids

JIAO Qing-feng, LEI Lin, LI Ming1, HE Hui, XU Shu, SONG Hai-hua

2013, 46(10):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.1.3

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At present, with the increase of grid loads and peak-to-peak difference 600-MW units are becoming the most popular units in the country and operate on regulation more frequently. The typical regulation mode of thermal power units is to reduce the boiler oil-free minimum load under stable combustion, which is referred to as“deep peak regulation”. In this paper the concept of “broad peak regulation” is proposed and related tests are carried out on domestic 600-MW supercritical units. The regulation performance of the units is improved through equipment innovation, combustion adjustment, mixed coal combustion, steam turbine slide pressure operation curve optimization and coordinated control improvement. The target of“broad peak regulation”, to expand the regulation range of the units, can be realized by decreasing the minimum boiler load under stable combustion and increasing the potential loading capability of the units. It may improve the security dispatch and operation stability of power grids. The power generation quantity and economical benefit of the regulation units are increased. The win-win target is achieved between grids and plants.

Energy Consumption Calculation Model of CFB Fuel Comminution

LIU Xue-min, WU Yu-xin, LU Jun-fu, ZHANG Man, ZHAO Yong-gang

2013, 46(10):  5-8.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.5.3

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Aiming at the calculation of energy consumption for CFB fuel comminution, the prediction theory of comminution energy consumption for single-size particles is analyzed based on the summary of research progresses on the energy consumption of comminution. The general correlations in the famous Kick’s hypothesis, Rittinger’s hypothesis and Bond’s hypothesis about the prediction theories of comminution energy consumption are presented. The distribution of particle sizes is introduced into the calculation of energy consumption and the theoretical predictions of the material comminution energy consumptions with different particle size distributions are gained. At the same time, the comminution experiment results indicate that the material property and feed size also play an important role in the comminution energy consumption. Therefore, on the basis of theoretical analysis and derivation, an energy consumption calculation model of coal comminution for CFBs is proposed according to the experiment results.

Analysis on Failure of T23/12Cr1MoV Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint in Platen Superheaters

WANG Wei, WANG Xue, ZHONG Wan-li, HU Lei, HU Ping, LI Zheng-gang

2013, 46(10):  9-12.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.9.3

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In this paper the experimental analysis is conducted regarding the failure of the T23/12Cr1MoV dissimilar steel welded joints on the specimen of the platen superheater in a 1 000-MW ultra supercritical (USC) boiler. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations indicate that the crack is distributed along the fusion line and occurs in the heat affected zone of the 12Cr1MoV steel. The crack initiates in the coarse grained heat affected zone(CGHAZ) of the tube inner wall, propagates into the weld metal at the 1/3 thickness of the wall, and terminates at the tube outer wall. Mechanical performance tests conclude that the higher hardness and lower ductility in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal are the major reasons for cracking. Post welding heat treatment(PWHT) is suggested to improve the ductility and reduce the welding residual stress for the welded joints.

Study on Application of Activation Vibration Coal Feeder at the Bottom of Coal Bunker

BU Yin-kun

2013, 46(10):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.13.4

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To address the coal blockage issue in the coal bunker, activation vibration coal feeders are installed at its bottom. Unfortunately, the effect is not very satisfactory. In this paper, the structure and principle of two kinds of activation vibration coal feeders are introduced. Calculation on related parameters shows that the enormous pressure from the coal particles in the coal bunker has great impacts on the coal feeder performance. Therefore, some measures to reduce the pressure of coal particles are proposed.

Analysis and Case Study on Vibration Characteristics of 1 000-MW Units

HE Guo-an, CHEN Qiang, GAN Wen-liang, JIANG Bo, ZHANG Xue-yan, ZHANG Wei-jun

2013, 46(10):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.18.4

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Aiming at the vibration problems existing generally in the 1 000-MW turbo-generator units manufactured by Shanghai Electric Group, such as the fluctuation of high-pressure rotor vibration, the jump of bearing vibration at the middle-pressure rotor, the unstable vibration of the low-pressure rotor, the thermo-unbalance of generator rotor and the abnormal vibration of the exciter shaft, the analysis on the characteristics and mechanisms of the vibrations is conducted respectively. Based on the analysis results, countermeasures against these problems are proposed, which will be helpful to diagnose and troubleshoot the unit vibration issues of the similar type.

Research on Domestic DCS Applications in Supercritical/Ultra Supercritical Units

ZHANG Qiu-sheng, FAN Yong-sheng, LI Sheng-guang, LIANG Hua, HU Xiao-hua, CHEN Feng, HU Shu-yun

2013, 46(10):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.23.5

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There are many experiences in the application of domestic DCS and optimization control system on supercritical or ultra supercritical units worthy to be summarized and analyzed. Through the compilation of“Standard for DCS Factory Acceptance” and “Pre-arranged Planning for DCS Emergencies”, the assessment of DCS logics and staff training on virtual DCS simulation machine, studies on the whole implementation process and risk control are carried out. The product quality and technical level of the control module and the system reliability have been improved during the development of domestic DCS. The operation practice in four power plants demonstrates the satisfactory application of domestic DCS in supercritical/ultra supercritical units.

Power System

Bad Data Identification and Correction Based on Load Clustering by FCM Algorithm

LIU Hui-zhou, ZHOU Kai-le, HU Xiao-jian

2013, 46(10):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.29.5

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In order to identify and correct the bad load data, the load profiles are clustered by using simulated annealing genetic algorithm optimized fuzzy C-means algorithm(FCM). Based on the threshold of differential coefficient which is determined by the comparison of test load profiles with its typical load profile, the bad data whose differential coefficient is greater than the threshold value is identified. A numerical case study demonstrates that this method overcomes the impact of bad data in the statistical historical data,and as a result improves the operability and practicality of bad data identification.A new bad data correction method is presented, which takes all the measurement points load information into consideration. Compared with the correction method which considers only the load information of two points before and behind the bad data measurement point, this method improves the accuracy and effectiveness of the bad data correction.

Configuration Scheme of Over-Frequency Tripping and Coordination with Over-Speed Protection Controller (OPC) of Regional Grid

YANG Fan, ZHANG Zhi-qiang, ZHAO Shu-qiang, WU Li-hua, HE Jia-yong

2013, 46(10):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.35.5

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By analyzing frequency characteristics of a regional grid under the isolated operation condition, the main factors influencing the islanding frequency are identified to be the unbalance of the power and the inertia of the grid. In order to solve the possible problem of over-frequency during the isolated operation of a real grid, the paper analyzes the configuration solution of over-frequency tripping and its coordination with an over-speed protection controller(OPC), and proposes the configuration scheme of over-frequency generator- tripping which is of good adaptability for other regional grids and the configuration principles which require to curb the frequency increase preferentially and avoid the repeating actions of the OPC.

Fast Tripping Criterion Used in Multi-Channel Tripping

YANG Yu-ang, YANG Li-hong, MU Zong-jiang, PENG Zhi-feng, YANG Ming-yu

2013, 46(10):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.41.4

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A large number of simulation calculations show that the existing fast tripping systems have different channel tripping in different time when dealing with multi-channel power grid. In this case, out-of-step oscillation may be induced in the fragile line closing to out-of-step in the process of tripping. In order to avoid this case, an additional criterion is proposed, which is based on the stability function of a single line in out-of-step system. At the same time, the stability function of a single line in out-of-step system is based on the line transient potential energy function. In all, such improvement of criterion can effectively avoid the case that the original fast tripping criterion can’t completely eliminate the system oscillations. Finally, a case simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the improved fast tripping criterion.

Reliability Comparison between Rail Coal Transportation and HVDC Transmission

XIAO Xin, ZHOU Yu-hui, CHEN Xiao-shuang, PAN Deng, YIN Li, TANG Xin

2013, 46(10):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.46.6

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With the technologies of high-speed and heavy haul railway and UHV transmission becoming increasingly mature, and the system of integrated coal transportation and power transmission being built gradually, the ratio of coal transportation to power transmission has been attracting more public attention. This paper takes the example of railway transport and HVDC transmission as typical energy carriers. Through the study on the reliability evaluation model and index of the two kinds of energy transmission modes as well as the analysis of recent reliability data, the critical distance of coal transportation and power transmission based on reliability is proposed and the relationship between reliability and transportation/inventory costs is analyzed. Finally a comprehensive value of lost load model is put forward, which can provide a reference for the proper allocation of coal transportation and power transmission.

Developments on Uplift Load-Displacement Behaviour and Design Code Revision for Digged Foundations of Transmission Towers

LU Xian-long, CHENG Yong-feng, BAO Yong-zhong, YANG Wen-zhi

2013, 46(10):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.53.6

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Based on the results of in-situ tests and theoretical researches of digged foundation in recent years, the characteristics of uplift load-displacement curves was analysed. The normalized uplift load-displacement curve and method to determine the bearing capacity of the foundation were suggested using three typical capacity evaluation criteria. The theoretical equations and parameters were derived. And then, the theoretical results were verified by the measured ultimate bearing capacity from in-situ tests. All these results were applied to the revision in the design code for digged foundations of transmission towers. The safety coefficient and the corresponding reliability index of bearing capacities of ultimate uplift bearing capacity was obtained according to the method in the revised design.

Neural Network Based Partial Discharge Pattern Identification of GIS

LI Pei-jiang, ZHU Xiao-jin, YOU Ting

2013, 46(10):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.60.6

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Gas insulated switchgears(GIS) have been widely used in power grids. Equipment faults cased by internal defects of GIS, however, may cause large-area outage. For identification of discharge patterns of GIS defects, three typical GIS discharge patterns are designed in this paper. The fingerprint data are obtained by testing platform and 12 kinds of features are extracted from these data. A comparative study is conducted on GIS partial discharge pattern identification based on probabilistic neural network and adaptive neural network. The issue about input validation, partial training sets and composite neural network are tested in sequence. The test result shows that the probabilistic neural network and adaptive neural network can be used as an effective means of discharge pattern identification.Moreover, the composite neural network has a good identification consistency and high identification efficiency.

Smart Grid

A Review of the Application of Multi-Agent Coordinated Technology in Microgrids

WANG Jing, WANG Zong-li, ZHANG Ying

2013, 46(10):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.67.6

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With the microgrid’s increasing proportion in major grids, its structure has largely changed. Based on the dispersed and complicated control demand of microgrids, a review is made of the application of multi-agent coordinated technology in the microgrid. The architectures, communication language and software platform of MAS are introduced. The different applying aspects of MAS are studied, including coordinated control, energy management, market trading and services restoration. Meanwhile their different control models, control methods and algorithms are also described, and the differences between MAS and other application methods are discussed. Finally, the differential game method is theoretically analyzed which is used in solving the problem of the coordination control, and its future application possibility is forecasted in solving the MAS coordination control in the microgrid.

A Comparative Study of the Development of EV Markets in China and Abroad

LI Li-li, ZHANG Yi-bin

2013, 46(10):  74-77.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.74.3

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EV markets in U.S., Japan and some Western European countries achieved fast growth in 2012, and EV industries in these areas are more and more likely to enter the fast development stage. By comparison, the development of EV market in China has lagged behind and therefore it’s in urgent need to activate the huge potential of the EV market in China. Based on the comparison of current status of EV markets between China and abroad and the analysis of future trends of EV markets in developed countries, the major gaps in EV market between China and some developed countries are summarized, and suggestions are given to narrow the gaps.

New Energy

Influences of a VRB Energy Storage System on LVRT Characteristics of a Wind Farm

YANG Bai-jie, CHAO Qin, YI Hai-dong, REN Tian-hong

2013, 46(10):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.78.5

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In order to satisfy the stipulated requirements of power grid that integrated wind farm must have low voltage ride through (LVRT) capacity, a new topological structure, in which the VRB is joined at the wind farm integration point for improving the wind farm’s LVRT ability is proposed based on the direct power control strategy of the vanadium redox battery(VRB)energy storage system. According to the trend of wind turbine development, the wind farm uses the direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with the inverter that is based on the AC/DC/AC control strategy of full power double pulse width modulation. The inverter of VRB energy storage system adopts the DC/AC bidirectional power flow control strategy. The proposed control strategy coordinates the control of the rectifier on wind turbine machine side, the inverter on the grid side and the VRB converter to stabilize the wind farm output and control the PCC voltage stability during voltage drops, and to provide some reactive power compensation. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively stabilize fluctuations in wind farm output, improve the LVRT capacity of the wind farm, and reduces the negative impact of fluctuation and voltage drops on the system safe and stable operation.

Applications of Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to MPPT of Shadow Photovoltaic Power Generation

YUAN Xiao-ling, CHEN Yu

2013, 46(10):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.85.5

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In a photovoltaic power generation system, photovoltaic arrays tend to be affected by the phenomenon of partial shadow that will cause system instability and reduce its output with the P-U characteristic curve containing more than one peak, which makes the conventional algorithm of MPPT difficult to track the real maximum power point because of its single peak optimization. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is widely used in the maximum power point tracking of partial shadow for its good multimodal global optimization ability. The particle swarm algorithm, however, has shortcomings of low convergence speed and poor searching accuracy. So, the adaptive inertia weigh particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed to solve these problems, in which the nonlinear dynamic inertia weight factor is introduced into the PSO evolution to reinforce the exploitation of global optimum of the PSO algorithm. To verify the feasibility of the algorithm under constant partial shading and rapidly changing partial shading, a simulation was conducted with Matlab, which shows that the novel algorithm can avoid the premature convergence effectively and the search capability is better.

Capability Study of Typical Power Grid in Accommodating Electric Vehicles in China

HUANG Bi-bin, KONG Wei-zheng, LI Qiong-hui

2013, 46(10):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.91.4

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The load characteristics of electric vehicle with different charging modes are analyzed including disordered charging, peak shifting charging and continuous charging. By taking a typical distribution network for case study, through calculation of the steady state operation of distribution networks with insertion of electric vehicles of different sizes under three charging modes, the indices that affect the steady state of distribution network, including nodal voltage deviation and cell loading rate are checked. The capability of a typical city’s power grid is studied in accommodating electric vehicles with different charging modes.

Information and Communication

Research and Application of the Integrated 3D Digital Platform of Henan 500 kV Grid

GUO Xi-ping

2013, 46(10):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.96.4

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Information management of power grids has significantly enhanced the managing capability of large power grids. The 3D digital system of Henan 500 kV grid is introduced and the functional design and system design are described. By using the digital-map as a carrier, and the high-definition image data, the digital elevation model (DEM) and the high precision grid information data as basis, all the power transmission projects of 500 kV and above in Henan province can be visually displayed through a platform and various resources have been well integrated, which can provide a power grid spatial information support for the operation management of power companies.

Design of Merging Unit Based on IEC 61850-9-2

HUANG Xiao-yi, ZHU Xin-rong, ZHU Chao, ZHENG Jian-yong

2013, 46(10):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.101.4

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According to the smart requirements of substations, a design scheme of merging unit based on FPGA and ARM is proposed in this paper, which consists of data receiving module, processing module and communication module. Based on IEEE 1588 precise timing, the data processing module is combined with quadric Lagrange interpolation and phase compensation method to improve the sampling precision. In the data communication module, the pre-set up control block is applied to achieve the flexible definition of sampled value transmission model and avoid the difficulty of realizing manufacturing message specification(MMS) mapping, and to ensure the real-time performance of message. Finally, the steady calibration system of electric current transformer is utilized to verify the sampling values. The result shows that this merging unit meets the data transmission requirement in smart substation.

Study on Applications of Optical Phase Conductors (OPPCs) in Engineering

WU Jin-song, HUANG Qi, WU Zhong-bo, CHEN Hui-huang

2013, 46(10):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.106.4

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Through research of optical phase conductor (OPPC) technology and its engineering applications, this paper systematically analyzes the key technologies and major applications of OPPCs, including temperature and stress monitoring. The difficulties of OPPC engineering in construction and maintenance are analyzed, and the project cost between OPPCs and optical fiber composite overhead ground wires (OPGW) or all dielectric self-supporting (ADSS) cables is compared. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of OPPCs are studied in detail, and some suggestions are proposed on OPPC’s further development and engineering applications.

Power Planning

Data Preprocessing for Grey Model of Medium-Long Term Load Forecasting

ZHENG Ya-nan, SHAN Bao-guo, GU Yu-gui, LI Geng-yin

2013, 46(10):  111-114.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.111.3

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The medium-long term power load forecasting is fundamental to system regulation, power plant and network construction and demand side management. Based on the conventional medium-long term grey forecasting model, the moving average, transformation of power functions and the expected impacts are introduced to improve the data preprocessing of the traditional grey model. It is the first time that the expected impact adjustment component is applied to power load forecasting. Through deeper mining and sufficient utilization of information, the prediction accuracy can be improved. The methods for evaluating the fitting and prediction accuracy of the model quantitatively are also introduced. At last, based on the power loads in China between 1999 and 2011, the fitting and prediction accuracy of the improved methods are compared in two scenes. And, the power loads of 2012 and 2013 are also predicted with the improved methods.

LIU Xiao-juan^1,2, FANG Jian-an¹

1. College of Information Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China;

2013, 46(10):  115-118.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.115.3

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Weather temperature is the main factor to affect the short-term power load forecasting. In order to improve the accuracy of the forecast, a bi-factor revised fuzzy time series model is proposed for maximum load forecasting. The influence factors of power load trend and temperature are introduced into the conventional fuzzy time series forecasting algorithms to correct the forecasting results. The segmented prediction idea is proposed in accordance with the trend of the load changes. Correction is made at the inflection point by load trend factor, and temperature influence factor is used for secondary correction on the predicted results. The model was applied to the Suzhou Grid for the maximum load prediction in summer and the results show that the model has a better prediction accuracy.

Technology and Economics

Analysis on Gateway-Price Based Power Purchase Cost

WANG Yi, LI Pei-jun

2013, 46(10):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.119.4

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Grid operating is transforming from meticulous management to lean management at present, however, it is the lack of an effective tool for tracking power purchase cost variation and correlation analysis that has seriously affected the flexibility and timeliness of electricity trading. To address this deficiency, timely and dynamic access to the current moment of electricity unit price analysis and simplify the electrovalence changes so that it will meet the demand for lean management of the grid, this paper proposed a model for power purchase price and cost analysis based on gateway electricity price information, and used the total differential characteristics to analyze the model’s rationality and sensitivity. Through the trial of on the platform of power gateway metering information management for Liaoning power network has showed that the model can effectively enhance the controllability of the company’s management, controllability, the ability to control, thus also proving the usefulness of the model.

Analysis and Optimization for Operating Costs of Gas SCR DeNO_x in Coal-Fired Power Plants

DU Zhen, QIAN Xu-yue, HE Sheng, ZHU Yue

2013, 46(10):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.124.4

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In order to lower the high DeNO_x costs of the existing coal-fired power generating units, the effects of various factors on the average SCR DeNO_x costs are studied, including the unit type, unit capacity, denitrification efficiency, reductant type, inlet NO_x concentration and the power consumption rate of denitrification, etc. Through the analysis on the composition of the SCR DeNO_x cost, it is concluded that the operating costs and the financial costs are the major parts of the DeNO_x cost. Therefore, optimizations on reductant consumption, soot blowing system and catalyst are proposed to reduce the DeNO_x costs, so as to lay solid foundation for the economic and stable operation of the flue gas SCR system.

Benefits of CDM Project of Ingstalling New Types of Energy-Saving Transformers in a Distribution Network

YU Yun-jun, KANG Li-ping, WAN Xiao-feng, NIE Xiao-hua

2013, 46(10):  129-132.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.129.3

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A large number of low-efficiency transformers are in use in power distribution network in China and replacing them needs a large amount of investment. The CDM project can effectively reduce the investment pressure and shorten the recovery time. In the case of the Jiangxi provincial 10 kV distribution network, which uses a new-type of energy-saving transformers to replace the S7-type high loss distribution transformers, the CDM project methodology AM0067 algorithm is used to calculate the greenhouse gas emission reduction, energy saving and investment recovery period by replacing the high-consumption S7 series transformers with the S11-M series, SH11-M series, S13-M series and SH15-M series power transformers respectively. A optimal scheme is selected, which uses the S13-M-series transformers to replace S7-type transformers, and compared with the S7-type transformer, the S13-M-series transformer can save an annual energy of 433 million kW·h. The recovery period of the CDM project is 13~15 years.

Economic Comparisons of Coal Transportation and Power Transmission

SHEN Rui-bao, ZHANG Li-zi, ZHANG Hong, CHENG Shi-jun, FAN Peng-fei

2013, 46(10):  133-139.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.133.6

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The functions of power generation cost, power transmission cost and coal transportation cost per unit power energy are established first in the paper. And then, based on the comparison of the total cost of unit power energy in load centers between coal transportation and power transmission, a comprehensive model for economic comparison between coal transportation and power transmission is proposed. In addition, the influences of coal transportation price, annual utilization hours, coal price, coal heat value, and series compensation degree on the economic comparison between coal transportation and power transmission are analyzed quantitatively. Finally, the economic comparison is also conducted for main coal bases and load centers in our country. The study concludes that since various factors may contribute to the economic comparison results, we cannot determine whether coal transportation or power transmission is more economical in a general way. Actually only through comprehensive analysis on the practical situation can we decide which one is more economical.

Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

Numerical Simulation of Airflow Deflector in Large Electrostatic Fabric Precipitators

SUN Chao-fan, LONG Xin-feng, YU Xing-lu, LOU Bo

2013, 46(10):  140-145.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.140.5

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Through the study on the EFP of the 600-MW unit in a power plant, a 3-D model is established with the Pro/E software and the airflow distribution of the EFP is calculated with numerical simulation method. In the simulation, the bag surface is set as the porous-jump boundary condition and the airflow in the EFP can be adjusted by altering the deflectors. The simulation results show that the airflow distribution is affected by the number and opening ratio of the airflow deflectors. In the most even airflow distribution, the average airflow speed in the electrostatic area is 0.78 m/s with the Relative Root-Mean-Square Error (RRMSE) of 0.279 9. The airflow velocity in the fabrics is 0.6 m/s. The eddy current in the electrostatic area is reduced by modifying the diameter of the holes in the third deflector, which can improve the efficiency of dust removal.

Efficiency of Power Industry Carbon Emission Quotas Based on Data Envelopment

WANG Jing-min, XUE Yu-tian

2013, 46(10):  146-150.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.146.4

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With the rise of global temperatures, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has become a global consensus. Carbon trading,as an important means for carbon dioxide emission reduction, is paid more and more attention by the power industry. Generation Performance Standard(GPS), as an initial allocation mode of carbon emission quotas for power industry, is increasingly recognized by the industry. The efficiency of emission rights allocation is a standard for evaluating the fairness of emission rights allocation model. Therefore, the DEA model is used to evaluate the allocation results in 2013 of the initial allocation of carbon emission quotas for five generation groups in China. The results show that the present and improved initial allocations of carbon dioxide emission quotas for the five generation groups basically keep the same, which proves the GPS’s effectiveness and fairness for initial allocation of carbon emission quotas for power industry.

Carbon Pricing Model for Power Generation Enterprises in Electricity Markets

SONG Yi-hang, HE Nan, ZHANG Hui-juan, TAN Zhong-fu

2013, 46(10):  151-154.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.151.3

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Carbon trading pilots are being established in China, and the pricing of carbon is a key issue in a carbon market. A pricing model based on Nash Equilibrium theory is established in this paper to explore the market value of carbon allowance in the power market. This model considers the influencing factors such as the market requirements, carbon emission cap, generation cost and emission reduction cost and so on, and is established with the objective of maximizing the benefit of power plants. The equilibrium price of carbon allowance and the corresponding benefit of the power plants is calculated by resolving the model. Sensitivity analysis is then made to evaluate the influence of the aforementioned influencing factors on the pricing of carbon,the results indicates that carbon price is positively correlated with carbon emission reduction cost and the market demand, and is negatively correlated with carbon emission cap and the generation cost.

Overview of Simultaneous Desulfurization, Denitrification and Demercuration Technologies

ZHAO Yi, HAO Run-long, QI Meng, GUO Qing

2013, 46(10):  155-158.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.10.155.3

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Aiming to reduce the air pollution caused by SO₂、NO_x and Hg⁰ coming from coal-fired flue gas, the research and recent progress of some synergetic controlling methods of simultaneous desulfurization, denitrification and demercuration or simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification are introduced, including the technologies of electric beam, non-thermal plasma discharge, photo-catalysis oxidation, flue gas circulation fluidization bed and microwave irradiation. According to the current status of the simultaneous removal technologies, the development of complex absorbents and new-type low-energy reactors should be accelerated so that the technology of controlling multi-component pollutions for coal-fired power plants could be applied and promoted in the future.