Market Participation of Integrated Source-Grid-Load-Storage Projects: Status and Prospects

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503047

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the drive of the "Dual Carbon" goals, integrated source-grid-load-storage projects, with their capacity for localized renewable energy consumption, have garnered significant attention. However, the inherent source-load balance within these projects conflicts with existing electricity pricing mechanisms, posing risks such as underpayment of transmission and distribution tariffs and mismatched system operating costs, which may compromise grid revenues. To address these challenges, this paper first systematically examines the construction and operational mechanisms of integrated source-grid-load-storage projects, distinguishing their similarities and differences from other aggregated entities. Secondly, it summarizes their market participation mechanisms and proceeds to dissect the shortcomings present in existing market access regulations and market-based trading systems. Furthermore, the study analyzes existing benefit distribution models among internal stakeholders. Finally, guided by national and regional policy directions, a design framework for market access mechanisms is proposed, offering theoretical foundations and practical pathways for standardizing the development of integrated source-grid-load-storage projects and refining electricity market mechanisms.

Key words: integrated source-grid-load-storage project, aggregated entities, market-based trading, benefit distribution, market access mechanisms

DONG Xiaoliang, WANG Yuxuan, ZHANG Shengnan, LI Guodong, YONG Pei. Market Participation of Integrated Source-Grid-Load-Storage Projects: Status and Prospects[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(11): 49-61.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503047

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References 65

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项目	源网荷储一体化	虚拟电厂	微电网
物理形态	较为集中固定小区域	分布较广不断变化	较为集中固定小区域
系统规模	无要求	各地有差异 1~20 MW	不大于20 MW
电压等级	220 kV及以下	35 kV及以下	35 kV及以下
接网点	一个或少数几个	多个	一个
投资主体	一个或少数几个	多个	一个或少数几个

项目	源网荷储一体化	虚拟电厂	微电网
物理形态	较为集中固定小区域	分布较广不断变化	较为集中固定小区域
系统规模	无要求	各地有差异 1~20 MW	不大于20 MW
电压等级	220 kV及以下	35 kV及以下	35 kV及以下
接网点	一个或少数几个	多个	一个
投资主体	一个或少数几个	多个	一个或少数几个

模式	供电方式	适用场景	优势	挑战
点对点拉专线	直接供电至用户	工业企业、大数据中心	降低输配损耗、提高稳定性	投资成本高、专线审批难
点对网拉专线	专线供电至增量配电网	园区级、多能互补区域	优化区域电力平衡	受政策约束较大
用户（网）区域内建设	内部新能源供电	工商业园区、数据中心	提高能源自给率	负荷匹配需优化

模式	供电方式	适用场景	优势	挑战
点对点拉专线	直接供电至用户	工业企业、大数据中心	降低输配损耗、提高稳定性	投资成本高、专线审批难
点对网拉专线	专线供电至增量配电网	园区级、多能互补区域	优化区域电力平衡	受政策约束较大
用户（网）区域内建设	内部新能源供电	工商业园区、数据中心	提高能源自给率	负荷匹配需优化

省份	源（新能源）	网	荷	储
青海^[24]	≥90%	≤200 km	≥4亿kW·h/年	15%（新能源）、2 h
山西^[25]	≥40%	—	≥60 MW、 ≥3亿kW·h/年	50%（负荷）、4 h
内蒙古^[26]	≥90%	≤50 km	＞3亿kW·h/年	15%（新能源）、4 h
广西^[27]	≥95%	≤30 km	≥2亿kW·h/年	15%（新能源）、2 h
宁夏^[28]	≤负荷+储能	—	≥5亿kW·h/年	—
新疆^[29]	—	≤50 km	深度调峰能力≥15%负荷（即新能源装机的10%）、2 h