燃煤电厂砷的动态分布及排放特征

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.95.4

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 煤中的砷（As）在高温燃烧过程中以不同形态进入环境,对人体健康造成危害。围绕燃煤过程As的行为和燃煤电厂大气As排放特征,综述了近些年来国内外研究成果,得出温度是As形态分布的主要影响因素。在高温燃烧过程中,As以气态氧化砷（AsO（g））形态存在;As是中等挥发元素,其挥发率受燃烧温度、时间以及As的赋存特征影响,挥发率随温度的升高而增加;As挥发富集于细微颗粒并主要以飞灰形式排放进入环境,因此应充分利用现有大气污染控制设施除As。同时,针对研究中存在的问题,提出了未来研究的重点和方向。

关键词: 砷, 火电厂, 燃煤, 排放特征

Abstract: The arsenic in coal released to the environment in various forms during high-temperature combustion is harmful to humans. Centering around the behavior of arsenic in coal combustion and its emission characteristics from coal-fired power plants, recent research outcome in China as well as abroad are reviewed, concluding that the temperature is the major factor affecting the arsenic behavior. During the process of high-temperature combustion, the arsenic exists in gaseous arsenic oxide form (AsO(g)), such that the volatile rate depends on the combustion temperature and time as well as the arsenic occurrences due to the medium volatility of the element. The volatile rate increases with the rise of temperatures. The arsenic is released into the environment mostly in fly ashes. Therefore, it can be removed by making full use of the existing air pollution control facilities. At the end, the focuses on future's research are proposed regarding the existing problems.

Key words: arsenic, thermal power plant, coal combustion, emission characteristic

中图分类号:

TK227.6

付建，刘国，薛志钢，支国瑞，赵珂. 燃煤电厂砷的动态分布及排放特征[J]. 中国电力, 2013, 46(3): 95-99.

FU Jian, LIU Guo, XUE Zhi-gang, ZHI Guo-rui, ZHAO Ke. Configuration Distribution and Emission Characteristics of Arsenic from Coal-Fired Power Plants[J]. Electric Power, 2013, 46(3): 95-99.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.95.4

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2013/V46/I3/95

参考文献

[1] PACYNA E G, PACYNA J M, FUDALA J, et al . Current and future emissions of selected heavy metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in Europe[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2007, 41(38):8557-8566.
[2] KANG Yu, LIU Gui-jian, Chou C L, et al . Arsenic in Chinese coals:distribution, modes of occurrence, and environmental effects[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011,412-413(15):1-13.
[3] FRANDSEN F, RASMUSSEN P. Trace elements from combustion and gasification of coal: an equilibrium approach[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 1994,20(2):115-138.
[4] HELBLE J J, MOJITAHEDI W, LYYRANEN J, et al . Trace element partitioning during coal gasification[J]. Fuel, 1996,75(8):931-939.
[5] 刘迎晖,郑楚光,游小清,等. 燃煤过程中易挥发有毒微量元素的相互作用[J]. 燃烧科学与技术,2001,7（4）：243-247.
LIU Ying-hui, ZHENG Chu-guang, YOU Xiao-qing, et al . Interaction between most volatile toxic trace elements during coal combustion[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2001, 7(4):243-247.
[6] CONTRERAS M L, AROSTEGUI J M, ARMESTO L. Arsenic interactions during co-combustion processes based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations[J]. Fuel, 2009,88(3):539-546.
[7] LIU Shu-qin, WANG Yong-tao, YU Li, et al . Thermodynamic equilibrium study of trace element transformation during underground coal gasification[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2006, 87(3):209-215.
[8] DíAZ-SOMOANO M, MARTíNEZ-TARAZONA M R. Trace element evaporation during coal gasification based on a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation approach[J]. Fuel, 2003, 82(2):137-145.
[9] YAN R, GAUTHIER D, FLAMANT G. Possible interactions between As, Se and Hg during coal combustion[J]. Combustion & Flame, 1999,120(1-2):49-60.
[10] 戴财胜,李方文. 流化床煤燃烧过程中砷析出特性研究[J]. 煤炭学报,2005,30（1）：109-112.
DAI Cai-sheng, LI Fang-wen. Arsenic emission characteristics during fluidized-bed coal combustion[J]. Journal of Coal Science & Engineering, 2005,30(1):109-112.
[11] 高勤芬. 煤及煤燃烧中痕量元素砷、溴、碘的分布研究[D]. 上海：上海师范大学,2008.
[12] 樊金串,张振桴. 煤中微量元素在燃烧过程中的动态[J]. 煤炭加工与综合利用, 1995,12（4）：12-15.
FAN Jin-chuan, ZHANG Zhen-fu. Dynamic state of trace elements during coal combustion[J]. Coal Processing & Comprehensive Utilization, 1995,12(4):12-15.
[13] 凤海元. 煤中砷、汞和氯的分析方法及燃煤中砷、汞的迁移规律研究[D]. 成都：成都理工大学,2010.
[14] 白向飞. 中国煤中微量元素分布赋存特征及其迁移规律试验研究[D]. 北京：煤炭科学研究总院,2003.
[15] GUO Xin, ZHENG Chu-guang, XU Ming-hou. Characterization of arsenic emissions from a coal-fired power plant[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2004,18(6):1822-1826.
[16] REDDY M S, BASHA S, JOSHI H V, et al . Evaluation of the emission characteristics of trace metals from coal and fuel oil fired power plants and their fate during combustion[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005,123(1-3):242-249.
[17] US EPA Method 29 Determination of metals emissions from stationary sources[S].
[18] CLEMENS A H, DAMIANO L F, GONG D, et al . Partitioning behaviour of some toxic volatile elements during stoker and fluidized bed combustion of alkaline sub-bituminous coal[J]. Fuel, 1999,78（12）:1379-1385.
[19] AYUSO E A, QUEROL X, TOMAS A. Environment impact of a coal combustion-desulphurisation plant:Abatement capacity of desulphurization process and environmental characterization of combustion by-products[J]. Chemosphere, 2006,65(11):2009-2017.
[20] TAPOLA L A, HATANP E, HOFFREN H, et al . A study of trace element behaviour in two modern coal-fired power plants[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 1998,54(1):13-34.
[21] ITO S, YOKOYAMA T, ASAKURA K. Emissions of mercury and other trace elements from coal-fired power plants in Japan[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 368(1):397-402.
[22] 郭欣, 郑楚光, 贾小红. 煤粉锅炉燃烧产物中汞,砷分布特征研究[J]. 工程热物理学报. 2004,25（4）：714-716.
GUO Xin, ZHENG Chu-guang, JIA Xiao-hong. Studies on characteristics of mercury and arsenic distribution in combustion products at the coal-fired utility boiler[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2004, 25(4):714-716.
[23] JADHAV R A, FAN L S. Capture of gas-phase arsenic oxide by lime: kinetic and mechanistic[J]. Environment Science Technology, 2001,35（4）:794-799.
[24] TANG Quan, LIU Gui-jian, YAN Zhi-chao, et al . Distribution and fate of environmentally sensitive elements(arsenic, mercury, stibium and selenium) in coal-fired power plants at Huainan, Anhui, China[J]. Fuel, 2012,95(5):334-339.
[25] VIMAL C P, JAY S S, RANA P S, et al . Arsenic hazards in coal fly ash and its fate in Indian scenario[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011, 55（9-10）:819-835.