计及多资源投运占比的电力系统惯量量化评估方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着高比例新能源并网，电力系统惯量特性发生根本性演变，传统依赖同步机组的惯量评估方法已难以适配新型电力系统的发展需求。提出一种基于多维度惯量资源投运占比的电力系统惯量量化方法。首先，构建涵盖同步机组、新能源发电、直流输电、柔性负荷及储能系统的多资源惯量评估模型，系统解析各类资源的惯量支撑机制；其次，针对各类资源的惯量特性开展差异化量化建模，精准刻画其在不同运行工况下的惯量贡献度，并创新性地提出基于容量占比权重指标的惯量统计方法，实现对多资源电力系统整体惯量水平的综合评估；最后，依托PSD-BPA仿真软件与本文构建的频率响应模型设计多场景验证实验，在CSEE小系统80 MW切负荷扰动场景下，所提方法评估的稳态频率、最大频率偏差与PSD-BPA仿真实测值的误差分别仅为0.023%和8.809%。

关键词: 多资源电力系统, 惯量量化评估, 源网荷储

Abstract:

With high-proportion new energy grid integration, power system inertia characteristics have evolved fundamentally, and traditional methods relying on synchronous units can hardly meet new-type power system needs. This paper proposes an inertia quantification method based on multi-dimensional inertia resource operation proportion: first, a multi-resource inertia assessment model (covering synchronous units, new energy, DC transmission, flexible loads and energy storage) is built, systematically analyzing various resources’ inertia support mechanisms; second, differentiated quantitative modeling is conducted for each resource’s inertia characteristics to characterize their inertia contribution under different conditions, with an innovative inertia statistical method based on capacity proportion weight proposed for comprehensive assessment of overall inertia; finally, multi-scenario verification is done via PSD-BPA and the proposed frequency response model. In the CSEE small system’s 80 MW load-shedding scenario, the steady-state frequency and maximum frequency deviation errors versus PSD-BPA measured values are only 0.023% and 8.809%.

Key words: multi-resource power system, inertia evaluation, renewable energy

闫朝阳, 李杰, 刘韶峰, 丁超杰, 周天, 常康, 杨丽. 计及多资源投运占比的电力系统惯量量化评估方法[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(4): 59-69.

YAN Zhaoyang, LI Jie, LIU Shaofeng, DING Chaojie, ZHOU Tian, CHANG Kang, YANG Li. A quantitative evaluation method for power system inertia considering the proportion of multiple resources in operation[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(4): 59-69.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509069

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V59/I4/59

图/表 10

图 1 多机系统频率响应模型

Fig.1 Multi-machine system frequency response model

图 2 CESS系统拓扑

Fig.2 CESS system topology

图 3 不同惯量评估条件下的频率曲线对比

Fig.3 Comparison of frequency curves under different inertia evaluation conditions

表 1 不同惯量评估条件下的电力系统频率特征

Table 1 Frequency characteristics of power system under different inertia evaluation conditions

方案	S₀/(Hz·s^–1)	f_ss/Hz	Δf_max/Hz
1	–0.04837	49.96185	–0.09275
2	–0.04973	49.95026	–0.10171
3	–0.06122	49.92643	–0.13161

表 2 某区域电网各类型规划电源装机统计表

Table 2 Statistical table of installed capacity of various types of planned power supply in a regional power grid

电源	装机容量/MW	占比/%
煤电	284463	31.71
燃机	76656	8.54
核电	30050	3.35
抽蓄	14062	1.56
风电	127305	14.19
光伏	337750	37.68
储能	26700	2.97

图 4 某地区机组分布

Fig.4 Distribution of units in a certain area

表 3 3个场景下电力系统惯量对比

Table 3 Comparison of inertia of power system in three scenarios

场景	资源类型	惯性时间常数/s	惯量贡献占比/%	系统总惯性时间常数/s
传统电力系统	火电机组	4.7	80	4.6
传统电力系统	感应电动机	0.5	10	4.6
高比例新能源接入	风电机组	1.3	25	3.8
	光伏系统	1.7	30
	火电机组	4.7	45
储能侧和电网侧参与惯量支撑	火电机组	4.7	30	4.2
	风电机组	1.3	15
	光伏系统	1.7	15
	储能系统	2.1	40

图 5 扰动设置下频率偏差曲线

Fig.5 Frequency deviation curve under disturbance setting

图 6 新能源参与调频频率变化率对比

Fig.6 Comparison of the frequency change rate when new energy participates in frequency regulation

图 7 新能源参与调频频率最低点对比

Fig.7 Comparison of the lowest point of frequency when new energy participates in frequency regulation

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