基于多特征量判据的新型配电系统早期故障检测

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202309031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高比例新能源接入下新型配电系统故障特性发生显著变化，运行方式多变、短路电流受限。电弧类早期故障是系统发生短路前的征兆，通过提前对早期故障的有效识别能够避免新型配电系统短路故障难以隔离的问题。首先，建立了早期故障的电气量与温度量定量解析模型，通过理论分析指出仅依靠单一的电气量或温度量均难以实现可靠的检测；然后，综合电信号的快速性和热信号的高灵敏性和可靠性，将电弧功率作为复合特征量来判别早期故障，提出了结合电流量与温度量的早期故障检测方法；最后，通过PSCAD仿真、现场数据及实验室模拟故障试验证明了该方法的有效性。

关键词: 新型配电系统, 早期故障, 故障检测, 电弧模型, 复合特征量判据

Abstract:

The fault characteristics of the new distribution system have changed significantly under the high proportion of new energy access, with variable operation modes and limited short-circuit currents. In this regard, arc-type early faults are the signs of short-circuit in the power system.The effective identification of early faults in advance can avoid the problem of short-circuit faults, which is difficult to jump off. Based on the equivalent model of early faults, the paper analyses the electrical quantity characteristics and temperature characteristics of the fault arc, and proposes an arcing high-resistance fault detection method that combines the current and temperature characteristics at the same time. The method integrates the speed of electrical signals and the high sensitivity and reliability of thermal signals, and then based on the composite characteristic quantity fault parameter identification criteria to detect the early faults. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified comprehensively by simulation in PSCAD, field data and fault test in labs.

Key words: new distribution system, incipient fault, fault detection, arc modelling, composite eigenvalue criterion

王安宁, 范荣奇, 张旸, 刘嘉超, 胡薇, 钟世民, 贾科. 基于多特征量判据的新型配电系统早期故障检测[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(9): 181-193.

Anning WANG, Rongqi FAN, Yang ZHANG, Jiachao LIU, Wei HU, Shimin ZHONG, Ke JIA. Multiple Characteristics Criterion Based Incipient Fault Detection of Distribution Systems[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(9): 181-193.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202309031

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I9/181

图/表 20

参考文献 35

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线路类型	R₁	C₁	L₁	R₀	C₀	L₀
架空线	0.1700	0.0097	1.2096	0.2300	0.0060	5.4749
电缆	0.2700	0.3390	0.2550	0.2700	0.2800	1.0190

线路类型	R₁	C₁	L₁	R₀	C₀	L₀
架空线	0.1700	0.0097	1.2096	0.2300	0.0060	5.4749
电缆	0.2700	0.3390	0.2550	0.2700	0.2800	1.0190

结构	材料	参数	数值
缆芯	铜	厚度/半径（D₁）/mm	30.3
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	55274
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	1
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	30.1
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	8700
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	385
导体屏蔽层	半导体混合物	厚度/半径（D₁）/μm	0.85
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	2
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	2.25
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	10
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	1055
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	2405
绝缘层	交联聚乙烯	厚度/半径（D₁）/mm	19.5
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	10^–18
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	2.5
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	0.46
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	930
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	2302
绝缘屏蔽层	半导体混合物	厚度/半径（D₁）/μm	0.85
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	2
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	2.25
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	10
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	1055
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	2405
金属层	铝	厚度/半径（D₁）/mm	2.50
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	3.774×10⁷
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	1
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	238
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	2700
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	900
外护层	聚乙烯	厚度/半径（D₁）/mm	2.90
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	10^–18
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	2.5
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	0.46
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	935
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	2302

结构	材料	参数	数值
缆芯	铜	厚度/半径（D₁）/mm	30.3
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	55274
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	1
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	30.1
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	8700
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	385
导体屏蔽层	半导体混合物	厚度/半径（D₁）/μm	0.85
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	2
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	2.25
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	10
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	1055
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	2405
绝缘层	交联聚乙烯	厚度/半径（D₁）/mm	19.5
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	10^–18
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	2.5
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	0.46
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	930
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	2302
绝缘屏蔽层	半导体混合物	厚度/半径（D₁）/μm	0.85
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	2
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	2.25
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	10
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	1055
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	2405
金属层	铝	厚度/半径（D₁）/mm	2.50
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	3.774×10⁷
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	1
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	238
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	2700
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	900
外护层	聚乙烯	厚度/半径（D₁）/mm	2.90
		相对磁导率（W₁）	1
		电导率（S₁）/(S·m^–1)	10^–18
		相对介电常数（ε₁）	2.5
		导热系数（y₁）/(W·(m·K)^–1)	0.46
		密度（rho₁）/(kg·m^–3)	935
		恒压热容（C₁）/(J·(kg·K)^–1)	2302

过渡电阻/Ω	特征电压/kV	故障位置	功率 Q_f/kW	检测值		检测精度 (Q_f–Q)/Q_f	结果
过渡电阻/Ω	特征电压/kV	故障位置	功率 Q_f/kW	Q/kW	x/rad	检测精度 (Q_f–Q)/Q_f	结果
1000	1.0	B	5.30	5.240	0.15	1.13%	√
1000	2.0	C	8.60	7.370	1.61	14.30%	√
2000	0.5	D	1.50	1.350	2.88	10.00%	√
2000	1.0	E	2.80	2.620	3.50	6.43%	√
4000	2.0	D	2.30	2.080	2.88	9.56%	√
4000	4.0	E	2.50	2.350	3.52	6.00%	√
6000	0.3	D	0.36	0.355	2.94	1.69%	√
6000	0.5	E	0.51	0.520	3.49	2.10%	√
7000	0.3	D	0.31	0.320	3.40	3.20%	√
7000	0.5	E	0.44	0.464	3.41	5.64%	√
8000	0.4	C	0.30	0.278	1.47	7.33%	×
8000	1.0	D	0.69	0.640	2.67	8.33%	√