关键词: 欧洲, 电力史, 技术进步, 电力体制, 展望

Abstract: Europe was at the forefront of energy and electricity 20 years ago. In the 1 990 s electricity was abundant and affordable, and Europe was home to large industrial firms that were leaders in their sector and world-class power utilities. Today, Europe is losing ground. Europe now pays more for electricity than the main countries it competes with, its industrial fabric is shrinking, and its power companies are experiencing difficulties. Why this reversal would happen? Since 1 990 s, the bottom-up approach to building the European power system was replaced by a top-down logic. A single model was applied to all countries. Electricity issues were addressed using competition and environment to the Commission. The abstract and not very“systemic”vision adopted over the past two decades or so has yielded very disappointing results in terms of carbon emissions, competitiveness and industrial development. Taking a look back at history will not only help understand changings, but also gives some guidance for the future.

Key words: Europe, electricity history, technology progress, electricity system, prospective