Table of Content

18 January 2016, Volume 49 Issue 1

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Special Contribution

The Up-To-Date Development and Future of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Technology

YUE Guangxi, LU Junfu, XU Peng, HU Xiukuai, LING Wen, CHEN Ying, LI Jianfeng

2016, 49(1):  1-13.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.001.13

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The circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology was started in 1980 in China. With more than 35 years’ research and development, the design principle of CFB boiler has been mastered, and the product series have been developed from small capacity with low steam parameters to large one with supercritical parameters, covering the Chinese market and exporting to overseas. Due to the inconstant coal property and the increasingly strict emission standard in China, the Chinese scientists and engineers have made breakthroughs in the gas-solid two phase pattern in the traditional CFB technology and developed the second generation CFB combustion technology, which is of higher reliability and lower electric power consumption of forced fans. And the third generation CFB boiler is being developed.

Generation Technology

Analysis and Comparison on Reliabilities of 300-MW Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Units and Pulverized Coal Boiler Units

LI Jianfeng, ZHOU Hong

2016, 49(1):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.014.05

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In order to quantitatively analyze the differences between the reliabilities of the 300-MW class circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler units and the pulverized coal(PC) boiler units in China, the statistics on the reliability data of major 300-MW class CFB boiler units and pulverized coal boiler units are conducted, in which the reliability and the outage comprehensive indices are compared. The results show that though the reliability indices of the CFB units have been greatly improved and the number of unplanned outages has been reduced greatly from 2.48 times/(unit?year) in 2011 to less than 0.75 times/(unit?year) in 2014, the forced outage times and the equivalent forced outage rate have been reduced from 1.97 times/(unit?year) and 3.7% in 2011 to 0.62 times/(unit?year) and 1.18% in 2014 respectively, they are still 0.30 times/(unit?year), 0.20 times/(unit?year) and 0.87% higher than the indices of the pulverized coal boiler units in 2014 respectively and the average unplanned outage interval hours are 6 158.90 h less than the pulverized coal boiler units. Therefore, the reliabilities of CFB boiler units need to be further improved.

Reheat Steam Temperature Control of an Ultra Supercritical Unit with Second Reheat Cycle

YANG Xinmin, WU Hengyun, MAO Yijun

2016, 49(1):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.019.04

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In this paper, taking the 660-MW ultra supercritical unit with second reheat cycle of Anyuan Power Plant as the study object, through the analysis on the static characteristics with single factor variation of reheat steam temperature controls, the control schemes of primary and secondary reheat steam temperatures are proposed. The onsite operation practices show that the schemes can meet the operation requirements under various loads and RB working conditions.

Study on Mill and Pulverizing System Parameters of Large Oxy-Fuel Power Plant

LIAO Haiyan, ZHANG Wei, YU Xuehai, WU Dongmei

2016, 49(1):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.023.05

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In this paper, the research and analysis on pulverizing system parameter determination and coal mill type selection is conducted for the large oxy-fuel power plant compatible with air combustion. By taking the approach of combining design calculation and theoretical analysis, the effect of high CO2 atmosphere on the parameters of the mill and coal pulverizing system is studied so as to obtain the parameters of typical coal such as the mill outlet temperature, coal powder fineness, ventilation volume, pulverized coal pipeline flow rate and so on under 200-MW compatible air and oxy combustion conditions. Considering the pulverized coal jam, corrosion and explosion, etc., the oxygen partial pressure of primary air should be maintained at 18% and the water contents at flue gas condenser outlet should be limited below 5%, while the optimal pulverizer outlet temperature of oxygen enriched dry cycle should stay between 77 ℃ and 80 ℃, and that of wet cycle should be kept between 95 ℃ and 100 ℃. Through parameter comparisons, preventive measures against wearing, leakage and corrosion are put forward. Consequently, the key parameters of coal mill and pulverizing system are tuned well to match each other in compatible air-oxygen combustion operation.

Analysis and Optimization Design of Combustion Control System Based on Coal Particle Velocity Measurement

ZHENG Wei, WANG Chao, ZHAO Meng, ZHANG Weiwei

2016, 49(1):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.028.05

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Currently in the boiler operation of coal-fired power plants, there exist some common problems such as unstable combustion, low combustion efficiency and even boiler leakage, which are all directly related to the coal particle velocity in the pipeline. In order to measure the coal particle velocity accurately and explore the relationship between the velocity and boiler combustion, taking the coal mill in a power plant as the test platform, two electrostatic sensors based on electrostatic method and correlation velocity measurement theory are installed on Pipes 2 and 3 to measure the velocity. Through the analysis on the measurement data and the comparison with those from the boiler combustion monitoring system in DCS, the imbalance between the particle velocities in the coal pipes is observed and the impact of coal particle velocities on boiler combustion is also verified. At last, the combustion control and optimization scheme based on coal particle velocity measurement is proposed.

Finite Element Analysis and Optimization on the Dynamic Stress of the High-Temperature High-Pressure Steam-Water Pipelines of Thermal Power Plants

ZHAO Xinghai, ZHAI Song

2016, 49(1):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.033.04

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To improve the security of the high-temperature high-pressure steam-water pipelines of thermal power plants, the theoretical study on the dynamic stress caused by vibrations and dynamic loads is conducted, and the spectrum analysis on the water hammer phenomenon is also studied to figure out the measures to decrease and optimize the dynamic stress. The water hammer phenomenon of the main steam pipe of a 600-MW power plant is used as the calculation object to compute the dynamic stress caused by the dynamic steam hammer loads through the establishment of the pipeline finite element model. The results show that the dynamic stress under dynamic steam hammer loads is much greater than the static stress of pipelines. The stress can be attenuated by controlling the pipeline vibrations actively, adding damper to decrease the effect of steam hammer and adjusting the inherent frequency of the pipelines to avoid the external excitation.

Experimental Study on Silica and Organic Matter Removal from Heavy Oil Wastewater Before Evaporation

WANG Jing, MAO Jin, ZHAO Jianqiang, WANG Jinlei, PU Ping, GUO Weizhong, LI Yajuan

2016, 49(1):  37-43.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.037.07

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The heavy oil wastewater, which is of high temperature, high salinity, SiO2 and organic matter concentrations, is the major raw water source for the thermal power plants built in oilfield areas. To conduct the heavy oil wastewater treatment with evaporation desalination technique, the study on silica and organic matter removal is performed using chemical reaction and enhanced coagulation technology to reduce the risks of silica scaling in the evaporator as well as to enhance the quality of the evaporation water product. The experimental results show that with the joint Ca(OH)2, MgCl2?6H2O, PAC and PAM dosing and under the optimal processing condition, the effluent total silica concentration is decreased to 25.5 mg/L and its removal rate reaches as much as 89.5%. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) analysis results indicate that the predominant organic compounds in the heavy oil wastewater and the effluent of its pretreatment process are organic acids and nitrogen compounds. The pretreatment process can remove the organic acids notably but has little effect on VOCs removal.

The Study of Membrane Fouling in MBR

MAO Jin, LI Yajuan, LIU Yapeng, WANG Jing, PU Ping, GUO Weizhong, HE Gaoxiang

2016, 49(1):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.044.05

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Urban recycled water has been used as water supplement in coal-fired power plants for water conservation. The membrane bio-reactor (MBR) might be a prime choice to avoid the potential pollution. The predominant fouling substances in submerged MBR system and the effect of the operation cycle on membrane fouling degree are studied through the analysis on the fouling constituent and SEMs of the membrane module taken out from a long term operating MBR system. The results show that the pollutants in the submerged MBR membrane system are mainly organics. With the performance life prolonging, the pollutants are gradually developed into irreversible fouling layer, which leads to membrane pore getting narrower and cleaning efficiency getting lower. Therefore, this paper suggests that the cleaning cycle should be shortened and the cleaning process should be optimized. In addition, the cleaning should be conducted when the pressure difference between the membranes increases substantially in its early stage so as to achieve good cleaning effect.

Oxidation and Decomposition Characteristics of Organic Sulfonate in Leachables (Extracts) from 001×7 Cation Resin

WANG Shaolong, WU Chunhua, DING Huanru, ZHANG Weilin

2016, 49(1):  49-52.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.049.04

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The contents of SO42- increase significantly in the steam generator water of some nuclear power plants and the boiler water of large thermal power plants due to the applications of the condensate polishing treatment system. To find the root cause behind this, the oxidation and decomposition characteristics of organic sulfonate in the leachables (extracts) from 001×7 cation resin is studied by using ion chromatography. The results illustrate that the organic sulfonate in the leachables(extracts) from this type of cation resin will be oxidized and decomposed to SO42- by oxidant; with the temperature and time increasing, the oxidation and decomposition show an upward trend. Fe3+ in the water is the catalyst for this oxidation and decomposition. In addition, the estimation method is also put forward for calculating the maximum organic sulfonate convertible to SO42- in the leachables(extracts) to determine the stability of the organic sulfonate in the leachables (extracts).

Research and Application of Lightning Protection and Anti-Interference Technology for Thermal Power Plant Control Systems

HUA Guojun

2016, 49(1):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.053.06

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In this paper, based on the statistical analysis on thermal power plant control system failure cases, the reasons that caused the control system failures due to lightning, grounding, electric and magnetic fields, etc. is analyzed. To deal with the interference problems which cannot be solved effectively by conventional methods, the thermal control system anti-interference program is proposed by using anti-interference protector and non-magnetic measuring sensor. Its software and hardware equipment are also developed successfully. The field application shows that the system can suppress the interference signals effectively. Therefore, the program can be referenced for future’s researches and applications in this field.

The Function of 100% Capacity Bypass System for Combined Cycle Power Unit

SI Paiyou

2016, 49(1):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.059.06

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The functions and necessity of the 100% capacity bypass system for combined cycle power units are discussed in this paper. The effectiveness of the 100% capacity bypass system in different operation statuses, such as, starting up, shutting down, load shedding and unit tripping, is analyzed. The data acquired with new method improve the bypass control performance .and the effectiveness is verified through tests. Thereby, it is concluded that the automation level of the bypass system can be increased by virtue of 100% bypass capacity, and further, by better performance of the bypass system itself and related auxiliary equipment. Additionally, the potential risks in the 100% bypass system operation are not only analyzed from the bypass system itself and the related auxiliary equipment, but also verified through field operation. The risk analysis helps to create the check list which should be done in the design stage.

Design and Application of Cold Startup without Heat Source in a 600-MW Supercritical Unit

FANG Shiqing, HUANG Jun

2016, 49(1):  65-68.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.065.04

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To solve the issue of cold startup under the condition of no external heat source in a single Unit 5 of a certain power plant, the micro oil heating air preheating system is designed and installed at the inlet air duct of Coal Mill A to obtain the hot dry air for the mill. The plasma ignition technology is applied for the boiler ignition and soot blowing with the compressed air is adopted in the air preheater at the beginning of the ignition. The steam produced by the boiler itself is used to satisfy the demands of air preheater blowing, feedwater deaeration, turbine shaft sealing and steam pump switching, to realize the boiler startup closure and the cold startup being achieved in a single unit. This method can save fuel oil and reduce energy consumption during startup with electrostatic precipitation launched at the beginning of the ignition, which is valuable for saving the construction investment and reducing the operating costs in thermal power plants.

Power System

Research on Aging Properties of Metal Oxide Arrestor under the Multi-pulse Shots

LI Pengfei, YANG Zhongjiang, CAO Hongliang, ZHAO Jun, WANG Xiang

2016, 49(1):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.069.06

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ZnO varistor is the key element in Medal Oxide Arrestors(MOA) of power systems. The moisture level is an important factor for the property of ZnO varistor. The properties of ZnO varistor under moisture condition are studied by use of damp heat box and multi-pulse platform. The results show that the speed of the varistor voltage（U1mA） exceeding ±10% in the damping scenario is three times faster than that in dry condition. 30% of the samples become failed after one multi-pulse shot. In dry scenario，the plateau of the U1mA and the IL becomes short and the aging speed accelerates. Through analysis of the physicochemical properties, it is found that after the varistor damped, the water molecules come into the inter-granular layer and set off a chemical reaction, which makes a deformed double Schottky barrier structure. Under multi-pulse shots, the thermal conductivity of ZnO varistor’s internal grains drops sharply, and some inter-granular layers with the poor thermal conductivity firstly change from thermal equilibrium into imbalance, resulting in the change of the quantity of electric charge in grain-boundary area and the metamorphosis of the voltage characteristics.

Modal Parameter Identification of SSO Based on Damping Sine Atomic Decomposition Optimized by Improved IWO

ZHENG Zhiping, WU Jun, YANG Wugai, CEN Bingcheng, KE Lina

2016, 49(1):  75-79.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.075.05

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Since the existing linearization method can’t effectively identify subsynchronous oscillation modal, the damping sine atomic decomposition based on improved Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) algorithm is proposed. The complete damping sine atomic library that represents subsynchronous oscillation signal is constructed. The chaotic sequence, selection mechanism, Niche classification strategy, and vector tracing ideas are introduced into the improved IWO algorithm to optimize the traditional matching pursuit(MP) algorithm. The optimized MP algorithm is used for damping sine atomic decomposition of subsynchronous oscillation signal. And then the parameters of the obtained optimal damping sine atomic are converted into subsynchronous oscillation modal parameters. The identified results indicate that the damping sine atomic decomposition optimized by improved IWO has advantages of good time-frequency features and high identification accuracy. And it is applicable to the disturbance source localization, fault diagnosis and other fields.

Research on the Features of Lightning Electromagnetic Wave Coupled with Cable Based on HHT

CHEN Zehuang, , ZHANG Yunfeng, , ZHOU Zhongshan, , CAO Hongliang,

2016, 49(1):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.080.05

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To explore the overvoltage frequency domain features caused by lightning electromagnetic wave (LEMW) coupled with overhead line, an experimental installation to receive the intra-cloud lightning is installed outdoors. In this paper, the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is used to analyze the electromagnetic wave coupled with cable. The results show that the lightning electromagnetic wave coupled with cable appears in damped oscillation and the spectrum concentrates in 2 μs. The energy of lightning electromagnetic wave by HHT concentrates in 1.65~3.2 MHz and 3.5~6.5 MHz, which is different from the 5~9 MHz by FFT. Compared with the results by FFT, the HHT, giving the more detailed spectrum, is more suitable for analyzing LEMW coupled with cable.

Service Restoration for Large Area Blackout of Smart Distribution System Based on MAPSO

ZHAO Fengxian, WU Jing, SUN Liying

2016, 49(1):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.085.06

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In the event of a large blackout in smart distribution system with distributed generators, a service restoration plan must be devised quickly to reduce outage area. Under safe operation constraint, a service restoration model for smart distribution system with DGs is established with consideration of minimizing load shedding and number of switching operation. A Multi-Agent particle swarm optimization algorithm(MAPSO) is proposed for rapid service restoration of non-fault regions. The algorithm introduces Multi-Agent concept to binary particle swarm optimization algorithm. Each Agent is a particle which competes and cooperates with their neighbors, and MAPSO finds the minimum value of objective function with global knowledge. Example result indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed method.

Self-Organization Characteristic Analysis of Blackouts in China’s Regional Power Grid Based on Relative Value

YU Qun, SHI Liang, GUO Jianbo, HE Qing, YI Jun

2016, 49(1):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.091.05

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A relative value index that divided power loss data by power grid capacity, is proposed to analyze power grid blackouts characteristics of self-organization criticality with the continuous growth of power grid scale. According to analysis of Northeast and Northwest power grid blackout load loss relative values, the data of power grid blackouts in 1981-2002 and 1981-2010 time periods follow power-law distribution, which further proves that China’s regional power grid has typical characteristics of self-organization criticality. The application of proposed method rules out effect of power grid growth on its characteristics of self-organization criticality. A more accurate risk rating of power grids is obtained from power loss relative value. At the same time, this method can also compare blackout data of power grid in different sizes, and the result can be used as a reference for power dispatching and planning.

Study on the Mid-long Term Load Characteristics of Chongqing Grid and the Forecasting Method

LEI Shaolan, LI Shan, JIANG Dongrong, LIU Xinyu

2016, 49(1):  96-101.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.096.06

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For the mid-long term power load that are affected by multiple factors, the general grey model GM(1, 1) can’t provide satisfactory accuracy for the mid-long term forecasting. Therefore, the multivariable grey forecasting model MGM(1, n) is proposed by using the data of total electric power consumption and total output value of Chongqing region. Besides, the general grey forecasting model GM(1, 1) is also established to compare and analyze the prediction accuracy. The forecasting result shows that the proposed model MGM(1, 2) in this paper is superior to the general grey forecasting model GM(1, 1) in forecasting accuracy.

Performance Comparison and Application Scope of Three Kinds of Energy-Saving Conductors

WAN Jiancheng, DONG Yuming, LIU Long, LIU Zhen, HUANG Peng

2016, 49(1):  102-108.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.102.07

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In recent years, China has witnessed significant progress in the design and manufacturing technologies of electric conductors. Based on the technical characteristics of three new types of energy-saving conductors, including high conductivity aluminum conductor steel reinforced, high conductivity aluminum conductor aluminum alloy reinforced and medium strength all aluminum alloy conductor, a study is carried out in this paper on the performance and application scope of above-said conductors. The performance of the conductors is compared in terms of electrical and mechanic characteristics. Also, the complete fittings are compared according to their strain clamp and splicing sleeve schemes. The effects of tower head gap and tower load on towers are studied. The construction technology is investigated from construction equipment, conductor pay-off and crimping. Based on the above-said study results, guidelines are proposed for application of three new types of energy-saving conductors.

An Intelligent Real-Time Monitoring System for the Power Transmission Electromagnetic Environment Based on a Distributed Multi-tier Architecture

FENG Zhihui, SONG Chunyan, ZHANG Guangzhou, HE De, HU Dadong, MAO Xiyin, CHEN Yongjun

2016, 49(1):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.109.05

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In response to the need arising from current power transmission electromagnetic environment issues, this paper assesses the current status of electromagnetic environment monitoring in China and internationally, introduces a distributed architecture for managing power network electromagnetic environment, and proposes a design of an intelligent real-time system for power transmission electromagnetic environment monitoring. Such a system can effectively help resolve the conflicts between the power grid development and the general public. A pilot project of the system has been successfully implemented by a provincial electric power company in China. Using a selection of 20 sampling groups of monitoring data, our analysis indicates that the value of power frequency electromagnetic field is substantially lower than the recommended level under the national standard, suggesting that the overall system is within the safety level. The proposed system can play a role in supporting science based communication and helping resolve the disputes related to the electromagnetic environment issues.

Investigation on Size of AC Filters and Shunt Capacitors at DC Converter Station

CHENG Gaihong, KANG Yi

2016, 49(1):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.114.05

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It is possible to use different sizes for AC filters and shunt capacitors at HVDC convertor station in order to reduce cost. Based on statistics of shunt reactive power sub-banks sizes at the convertor stations that have been put into operation in China, comparison between sizes of AC filters and shunt capacitors at HVDC convertor station is explored. In order to reduce the number of shunt sub-banks and thus the cost and area occupation of reactive power compensation devices, possibility and feasibility for variation in sizing AC filters and shunt capacitors at converter stations under different AC system conditions are investigated. The scenarios discussed include sending AC system comprised of mainly thermal power plant, sending AC system comprised of mainly hydro power plant and receiving AC system with diverse power resources. Prospect and reasonable suggestion are proposed to provide reference for design work of HVDC project.

Research on DC De-icing and Reactive Power Compensation System

YANG Gang, YANG Qixun, ZHANG Tao, WANG Jieqing, MEI Hongming, LIU Shu, WEN Jing

2016, 49(1):  119-126.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.119.08

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To further improve the performance of de-icing equipment, this paper develops a system that combines functions of DC de-icing with dynamic reactive power compensation based on STATCOM. The system utilizes the topological structure of a double chained mode STATCOM, the dynamic reactive current tracking technique, and the neutral point skewing technique, to create the functions of reactive power support and DC de-icing. This paper first introduces the system structure, which is followed by a detailed discussion on the system control strategy. The output power characteristic of the system is then analyzed under different operational conditions to evaluate the system functional performance. In addition, an EMITDC/PSCAD based simulation model is developed to test the control strategy. Finally, a prototype machine with 12 MW rating of the de-icing capacity combined with a STATCOM is developed and used to conduct experiments to verify the feasibility of the system design proposed in this paper.

Research on Equipment Utilization Efficiency of 110~35 kV Substations

ZHANG Yan, GAO Hua

2016, 49(1):  127-132.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.127.06

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It is greatly significant to study the efficiency of existing electrical equipment for grid planning optimization and lean management. This paper analyzes the substation’s load rate and bay usage within a certain historical period of one province’s 110~35 kV substations with focus on the substation’s light-load problem. And the causes are also investigated for the long-standing light-load substations based on the actual local situation. From the investigating results, such recommendations and measures are proposed as choosing reasonable first-phase construction scale, rebuilding light-load substations, strengthening the preparatory work and collaboratively building the grid of different voltage levels.

Information and Communication

Application of Satellite Simulator in Time Synchronization System Detection in Power System

ZHANG Shaohui, TENG Ling, GAO Qiang, SUN Fengjie, XING Zechao

2016, 49(1):  133-135.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.133.03

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It is very difficult to establish a real satellite receiver in laboratory environment. The satellite simulator has ability to replace satellite receiver in simulating satellite signals. Advantages of satellite simulator in time synchronization detection are analyzed. Based on different time synchronization output signals, time difference is about 10-15 ns according to comparison results between satellite receiver and satellite simulator in power system time synchronization detection. With consideration of error margin caused by satellite simulator, satellite simulator can replace satellite receiver in power system time synchronization detection experiment.

Interface Design for the Electric Power Information Acquisition System and Service Application Platform

XU Peng, SUN Yi, SHI Kun, YE Han

2016, 49(1):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.136.05

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A power-use information acquisition system is the foundation of a data system and the core for data exchange in the intelligent power-use business. In order to interact with other service platforms, such a system must overcome the problems arising from the difference in the data structure and the communication protocol. This paper presents an interface design between the power-use information acquisition system and such service platforms as 95598 service website, the electric power management platform, the intelligent building and community system, and the State Grid marketing application system. This paper provides a viable information exchange model among different service platforms without modifying current architecture structures. The paper lays out the theoretical foundation and direction for the development and implementation of the intelligent power-use businesses, and provides an assessment on the development trend of interfaces among power-use platforms.

Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

Performance Determination and Deactivation Analysis of Corrugated SCR Catalysts

MENG Xiaoran,, WANG Jinxiu, CHEN Jinsheng, YU Yanke,, CHEN Yanting,

2016, 49(1):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.141.05

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Catalyst performance determination is important to the operation and management of flue gas denitrification in power plants. The microcosmic properties and activities are compared between the V2O5-WO3/TiO2 corrugated SCR catalyst which was already used for 23 500 h with the fresh one through XRF, XRD, H2-TPR and DRIFT analysis. The results show that, compared with the fresh catalyst, the Fe, K, Na, Mg contents in the used one are much greater, while its BET surface area and pore volume are decreased by 38.7% and 14.3% respectively. In addition, the redox activity and Br?nsted acid strength decline remarkably; the de-NOx efficiency decreases from 96.2% to 91.3%; and the activity coefficient drops by 25.3%. The deactivation analysis indicates that the blockage and poisoning effects of alkali metal and alkali earth metal elements in the ash deposits are the main reasons of the deactivation. Since the corrugated SCR catalyst is easily clogged by the fly ash, the soot-blower should be maintained in good operation conditions. The dust-cleaning during downtime should be performed to improve the de-NOx efficiency and extend the catalyst lifetime.

Study on Minimum Continuous-Operation Temperature of SCR System

YAO Xuan, ZHENG Peng, ZHENG Wei

2016, 49(1):  146-150.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.146.05

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Currently, most SCR systems cannot be operated under low loading conditions due to the low temperature of the flue gas. The temperature threshold at which the SCR is no longer operable is defined as the minimum continuous-operation temperature. However, the calculation method of this temperature is unavailable from the foreign catalyst technology supplier for confidentiality reasons. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to calculate the minimum continuous-operation temperature based on the ammonium bisulfate(ABS) generating mechanism and dewing process as well as the theory of capillary condensation. The calculation result of this method shows good consistency with the practical data. In addition, considering the influences of flue gas composition, de-NOx efficiency, and inlet NOx concentration on the minimum continous-operation temperature, this paper also puts forward the concept of inadequate operation to guide the daily operation of the SCR system for power plants.

Study on the Abrasion Resistance Testing Methods for Plate Type De-NOx Catalyst

YAN Min, ZHU Yue, CHEN Jinsheng, SONG Xiaoning, DU Zhen

2016, 49(1):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.151.06

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In the high-ash-type selective catalyst reduction (SCR) denitration device, the catalyst is subjected to dust sweeping, which may affect the abrasion resistance of the catalyst and deteriorate the catalyst performance. In the current standard, the silica sand abrasion method is applied for the abrasion resistance test, while the grinding method is used for plate catalyst testing. For comparison, the abrasion resistance test on the plate catalysts produced by different companies is conducted by virtue of the silica sand abrasion method and the grinding abrasion method, respectively. The results show that it is more reasonable to determine the catalyst abrasion resistance performance jointly by the two methods. In addition, the wind velocity of the silica sand abrasion method has greater influence on the test result such that it should be tuned appropriately in practice.

Research on the Urea Catalytic Hydrolysis Technology for Flue Gas SCR Denitrification of Thermal Power Plant

MENG Lei

2016, 49(1):  157-160.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.157.04

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The urea catalytic hydrolysis technology is of relatively good safety and low energy consumption. But its low system response rate makes it difficult to satisfy the requirements of SCR flue gas denitrification. In this paper, the principle, technical flow and control strategy of a new developed urea catalytic hydrolysis technology are presented. Its technical advantages and economic efficiency are analyzed. Comprehensive comparison is preformed between urea hydrolysis and pyrolysis technologies. Its successful application in Datang Changchun Second Thermal Plant is used as an example to show the effectiveness of this new technology. The research results show that the urea catalytic hydrolysis is a new advanced technology with low energy consumption and has good market prospect.

Development of a Novel Composite Pipe Bandaging Structure for Heat Preservation and Sound Insulation

LUO Baoshun, WANG Shushuai, JIANG Changzheng, JIANG Zhaoxu, GUO Yuchun

2016, 49(1):  161-165.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.161.05

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Currently, wrapped insulation materials are generally used for pipeline insulation. This kind of pipe insulation enswathement structure is very effective in insulating high-frequency sound. However, in the case of low frequency sound, especially when the wavelength is over ten times greater than the thickness of the materials, resonance is likely to occur between the pipeline and the wrapping material layer, which will cause drastic deterioration of the sound insulation performance. This paper presents a double division type of composite insulation enswathement structure. It can improve the low frequency sound insulation performance significantly without changing the original wrapping thickness and insulation performance, which effectively solves the problem of pipe insulation enswathement with poor low-frequency sound insulation performance.

Analysis of Audible Noise Caused by Equipments in Domestic Converter Station and Its Control Measures

ZHANG Guoying, LIU Hui, XIE Lianke, ZANG Yuwei, MA Xingang, ZHANG Yong

2016, 49(1):  166-173.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.166.08

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The audible noise produced by converter stations has influences on occupational health of working personnel. The occupational exposing noise of converter transformer, converter valve, smoothing reactor, AC filter group in domestic different voltage converter stations is measured and analyzed, for controlling the occupational exposing noise in an acceptable level. The frequency spectrum analyzsis reveals that, the noise energy of converter stations is mainly concentrated within middle/low frequency; the sound pressure is obvious in even doubling frequency of 50 Hz, and the highest peak locates at 100 Hz～1 000 Hz. When the frequency is larger than 5 kHz, the sound energy of converter transformer, smoothing reactor and the AC filter groups decreases under 50 dB, excepting the noise of the converter valve still higher in high frequency. Based on these characteristics, this paper suggests three noise control measures in sound source control, transmission control and personal protection, which has great importance for the noise protection of converter stations.

Analysis of Requirement and Impact of Power Development under the Peak Carbon Emissions in 2030

CHENG Lu, XING Lu

2016, 49(1):  174-177.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.174.04

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China promises that the carbon dioxide emissions will reach the peak in 2030 and the non-fossil energy will make up 20% of the primary energy consumption as agreed in the“China & US joint statement on climate change”. In this paper, an analysis is made on the inherent requirements of the target and its impact on the development of energy and power. The study shows that the key actions for reaching the peak emissions as quickly as possible and inherently reducing the peak value are to control the total energy consumption and develop the clean energy. In order to support this target, China’s non-fossil energy power installation and generation capacity shall make up 50% and 39% of the total energy power installation and generation capacity respectively in 2030, and 40% of the renewable energy installation needs to be transported through trans-regional power grid for utilization.

Study on Development Path of Renewable Energy in China

ZHAO Liang, , BAI Jianhua, XIN Songxu, ZHANG Jinfang

2016, 49(1):  178-184.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2016.01.178.07

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For a longtime, coal accounts a large proportion in China and the proportion of renewable energy resources is relatively low. The energy development faces many problems, such as energy security, environmental pollution, climate change, etc. As China is in the stage of accelerating industrialization and urbanization, energy and electricity demands will increase consistently. Developing and utilizing renewable energy is currently the most practicable measure to meet the requirements of the energy demand, energy structure and distribution optimization, and clean energy development. Based on the analysis of the renewable energy resources and mid-long term energy demand, this paper points out the future development targets, focuses, time sequence and consumption market of renewable energy resources in China. Besides, the related solutions and suggestions for accelerating renewable energy are proposed in this paper.