Electric Power

Analysis of Cointegration and Causality between Wind Power Development and Economic Growth in China

ZHAO Wen-hui, DING Hui-kai, SHI Quan-sheng, XIE Pin-jie

2013, 46(3): 1-4. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.1.3

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The interaction between wind power development and economic growth plays an important role for formulating China’s long- term wind power planning and investment strategy. So it is significant to research the interaction between them. According to the relevant annual data during the period 1991-2010, the relationship between wind power development and economic growth in China is examined by applying autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and Granger causality test method based on error correction model. The results indicate that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists between the wind power development and economic growth; the Granger causality, however, does not exist between these variables whether for the long-run or for the short-run.

The Supporting Role of Power Transformation Development for Energy Sustainable Supply in China

BAI Jian-hua, LIU Jun

2013, 46(3): 5-8. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.5.3

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The major issues encountered in the development of China’s energy and power were analyzed, such as unsustainable supply of conventional fossil energy, unreasonable energy transportation structure, prominent ecological environment crisis, and the belated power grid development. The major strategic initiatives and measures to construct safe, stable, economic, clean and modern energy industry system were proposed. The strategies of China’s power industry transformation development is put forward, which include developing clean energy in large-scale, optimizing coal power development, promoting trans-region transmission of clean energy, accelerating the construction of UHV transmission-region transmission and smart grids. In the end, an empirical analysis is performed on the important impact of power transformation development on the safe and sustainable energy supply.

Main Grid Reactive Planning and Simulation Considering Voltage Stability

TIAN Xin, NIU Xin-sheng, CAO Zeng-gong

2013, 46(3): 9-13. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.9.4

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As one of the five big systems of the State Grid Corporation of China, the“big” planning system is the premise and guarantee of other four big systems. The reactive voltage planning, as a very important part of the power grid plan, is the foundation for ensuring the economic, reliable and stable operations of regional power grids. By taking the Twelfth Five-Year reactive voltage planning of the Shandong Grid as an example with consideration of importing electric power to Shandong Grid, a calculation was made of the Shandong main grid in terms of reactive power optimization, the stability margin and the ability to resist the interferences on the basis of reactive compensation equipment configuration; the voltage safety level of the main grid was evaluated; and the optimal capacity of reactive compensation equipments was determined to ensure the safe and economic operation of the main grid. This study provides a theoretical and technical support for the building of the “big planning” system of the Shandong Grid.

Generation Scheduling Model and its Application Considering Wind Power Fluctuation

XU Fan, ZHANG Tong, DING Qia, TU Meng-fu, CHEN Zhi-xu

2013, 46(3): 14-18. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.14.4

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With the fast development of wind power, the practicability of the conventional generation schedules weakens while day-ahead unit commitment schedule becomes more important. Based on the conventional generation scheduling model and the analysis on system power balance constraints and system reserve requirements constraints, a new model considering wind power fluctuation is presented and simulated on an IEEE RTS 96 system, in which 32 conventional units are included. The results show that the presented model can be easy to be combined with conventional model, and it is effective to make a unit commitment schedule with wind power and with consideration of its fluctuation, by which the application of the generation scheduling model is extended and the practicability is enhanced.

Optimum Pitch Control of Wind Turbines

HE Yu-lin, LUO Min, XIE Shuang-yi, ZHONG Xiang, JIN Xin

2013, 46(3): 19-23. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.19.4

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Dynamic responses of a wind turbine to sudden wind speed changes are usually hysteretic because of the wind’s stochastic characteristics and large moment of inertia in the rotor, which may cause large fluctuation of rotor speed and output power. Based on linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) control theory, an optimum pitch control is proposed, which could inhibit the rotor speed and power fluctuations better than traditional PI control. With a wind turbine of 2 MW as a research object, a simulation analysis of LQG and PI controls is conducted by using FAST-MATLAB/Simulink joint software platform, which shows that the optimum pitch control based on LQG theory could effectively reduce the fluctuations of speed and power.

Study on Lightning Protection by Multi-band Grounding Wires for 1 000-kVDouble-Circuit Lines

WANG Mao-cheng, WANG Xiao-han, ZHANG Bo, ZHANG Yong

2013, 46(3): 24-29. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.24.5

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In order to make the UHV double-circuit transmission lines run safer and more reliable, a scheme was proposed for neighboring tension tower’s coordination with multi-band grounding wires on double-circuit tangent tower by taking the SZC301 double-circuit tangent tower and SJC301 double-circuit tension tower of one domestic 1 000 kV AC transmission line project as a case study. The influence of different arrangement and combination of “I” string and“V” string of double-circuit tangent towers were synthetically analyzed on the interval between conductor and multi-band lightning wires. If the “V” string is hung up in the middle cross-arm on double-circuit tangent tower, and one lightning wire is hung up in the lower cross-arm, the static lightning protection shielding angle of the middle outer sub-conductor and lower outer sub-conductor on the tower head will be reduced by 11°and 15° respectively, and the dynamic lightning protection shielding angle of the three (upper, middle and lower)-phase outer sub-conductors are -11°and -20°and -9° respectively, which has effectively reduced the influence of the terrain slope on shielding failure rate.

Study on Spatiotemporal Distribution of Conductor Icing in Southwestern Sichuan

XIE Yun-hua, WANG Jian

2013, 46(3): 30-34. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.30.4

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The temporal distribution, the distribution with direction and height at the same spot, and the distribution with altitude and terrain in large region of conductor icing in Southwestern Sichuan province were analyzed by meteorological and mathematical statistics theory based on the observation icing data of Huangmaogeng icing observation station and the investigation information from Ertan-Zigong 500 kV transmission line project, and the micro-topographic features of the heavy conductor icing in Southwestern Sichuan region were summarized. It was found that larger icing density decreases with the increase of altitude and the correspong relationship was established. The research results can provide a reference for professionals engaging in survey, design and maintenance of transmission lines.

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Inspecting Transmission Lines

TANG Ming-wen, DAI Li-hao, LIN Chao-hui, WANG Fang-dong, SONG Fu-gen

2013, 46(3): 35-38. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.35.3

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With the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), the UAV has made important breakthroughs in remote control, cruising time and flying quality, which provides a very good prospect for UAV’s application in transmission line maintenance. The UAV’s application in inspecting power transmission lines was discussed in detail in this paper in terms of the model selection principle, the patrol mode, the application features of the unmanned helicopter and the fixed-wing UAVs, the flight type and the relay model of the communication link system.

Diagnosis of GIS Failure Based on HHT Method for Vibration Signals

XU Tian-le, MA Hong-zhong, CHEN Kai, WANG Chun-ning, LI Kai

2013, 46(3): 39-42. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.39.3

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The vibration signals of the running GIS equipment in 110-kV Jiangdong Gate Substation are collected and denoised. Then the denoised signals are analyzed by virtue of the Hilbert-Huang transformation(HHT). By comparing the Hilbert-Huang spectrum, the amplitude fluctuation of each frequency component with time can be obtained ; while by comparing the HHT marginal spectrum, the fault features of the GIS equipment can be retrieved. The study results show that the HHT method is very effective in analysing vibration signals and diagnosing failures for GIS equipment.

Discussion on Technical Principles and Standard for Configuring Reactive Power Compensation Equipment of China Southern Power Grid

HUANG Juan-juan, KANG Yi, CHEN Ling-yun

2013, 46(3): 43-46. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.43.3

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China Southern Power Grid(CSG) is a typical AC and DC combined power grid with complex structure and difficult operation. The voltage operational issue is vital to maintaining the security and stability of the entire power grid. Reasonable reactive power compensation configuration plays an important role in balancing reactive power and regulating the voltage level. The standards of reactive power configuration issued by the China Southern Power Grid Company are not comprehensive enough and some problems are found in actual application. On the basis of an investigation and analysis of the reactive power and voltage level in CSG, the problems in reactive power compensation configuration and actual operation are summarized. Combined with existing domestic principles and standards, some suggestions and principles are proposed for future work.

Calculation of Penetration Level for Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generator Considering Protection in Distribution Network Constraints and Related Countermeasures

LI Ya-hui, KANG Ji-tao, YE Lan-lan

2013, 46(3): 47-52. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.47.5

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There are significant differences in output characteristics between inverter interfaced distributed generator(IIDG) and rotating machine when accidents occur in power system. An IIDG’s output model was established based on PQ control strategy considering its limited overcurrent ability, and a qualitative analysis was made on IIDG’s influence on relay protection and the short-circuit current calculation formulas containing IIDG was duduced. The maximum penetration level of different access point was obtained according to current protection’s state and compared with the penetration level without considering overcurrent limit. To meet the demand of protection of complicated distribution network with high permeability IIDG,a new fault location algorithm was proposed based on zone division and verified by a case study.

Assistant Decision-Making for Static Security Analysis Based on Outage Sensitivity

YU Yi-jun, LIU Jun, FENG Shu-hai, LI Feng, ZHANG Zhe, ZHANG Yong

2013, 46(3): 53-58. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.53.5

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The algorithm of assistant decision-making for static security analysis is described in the paper. Based on the conventional sensitivity method, a new method is introduced to calculate outage distribution factors and the outage sensitivity which can reflect the relationship between node power and branch power after an element is out of service. Assistant decision-making for static security analysis can be easily acquired with the help of equal and opposite quantities in pairs for strategy of outage sensitivity. The assistant decision- making can satisfy the requirement of on-line application. Simulation results on real power system show that the proposed method is effective.

Study on Heat-Load-Based Peak Regulation for Cogeneration Units

WANG Yi, XUE Yong-feng, DENG Nan

2013, 46(3): 59-62. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.59.3

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In northeast China, heat-supply units account for a large proportion in the total installed capacity. In winter heating seasons, the connection of bulk wind power to the power grid makes the peak regulation for valley load very challenging. In order to ease the pressure of winter peak regulation and formulate a reasonable electricity plan, an online monitoring system for heat-load-determined power load is developed. In this system, the boundary conditions of peak load for heat-supply units are determined. By calculating different conditions of the steam turbine, a mathematical model of peak regulation scope under different extraction flows is established with the correction of practical turbine running efficiency and the correction of initial parameters on the output power in consideration. Calculations and experiments have proved the accuracy of the model, which indicates that this method is suitable for the actual operation of the units and can provide guidance for grid companies to make their power transaction plans and peak regulation as well as maximize the accommodation of wind power.

Development, Application and Prospect of Boiler Life Management System for Thermal Power Units in China

WANG Da-peng, DU Bao-hua, LI Yao-jun, LIU Zhen-yu, WANG Zhi-wei

2013, 46(3): 63-67. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.63.4

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Boiler online life management technology is destined to realize effective real-time residual life prediction through online life assessment model with the condition parameters of key parts such as temperature and pressure in consideration. Through several decades of development in thermal power industry, a variety of specialized life management system softwares have been developed and applied in many domestic thermal power plants. Through detailed induction and analysis, the research results and development characteristics of the technology are reviewed and the current situation of its application is summarized, and new prospects for future's development are explored.

Optimization of Coordinated Control Strategy for 1 000-MW Thermal Power Units

QIAN Chao-ming, WANG Hui, WU Yong-cun, LUO Zhi-hao

2013, 46(3): 68-72. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.68.4

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Based on the introduction to the characteristics of the control over 1 000-MW ultra-supercritical once-through boilers, the problems of the coordinated control system existing in the 1 000-MW unit in on power plant are analyzed. The control system optimization strategies on main steam over/under pressure and tube wall overheating in load variation are put forward. In addition, the optimized control strategies and parameters for main control circuit, feedwater loop and fuel loop are proposed. Meanwhile, the boiler sliding pressure curve is optimized to minimize the throttling losses of the main steam valve and improve the economic performance of the unit. Finally, the effects of the implementation of these strategies are analyzed and summarized.

Analysis on Condensate Return Water Temperature Anomaly in ACC Systems for600-MW Thermal Units

ZHAO Shuang, LI Xi-jun, PING Shi-bin

2013, 46(3): 73-77. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.73.4

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It has taken place several times at a power plant that the condensate return water temperature and the vacuum temperature of the sixth, seventh and eighth streets of theair-cooling condenser are much lower than that of other streets, accompanying water lever waving in the exhaust steam device. The flow condition of the condensate in ACC is analyzed with the exclusive method, which concludes that there is air leakage on the B side of the main condensate return water pipe of the three streets. Therefore, some measures against the leakage are put forward to address these issues.

Study on Superheater Chemical Cleaning with Different Agents

DENG Yu-qiang, CAO Jie-yu, ZHANG Xiang-jin, LONG Guo-jun, NI Rui-tao

2013, 46(3): 78-81. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.78.3

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During the chemical cleaning of superheater, flaking, dissolution and corrosion of the cleaning agents must be taken into account in case of tube blockage caused by mass oxide flakes. Moreover, material performance may deteriorate as a result of improper cleaning agents. Therefore, tests on oxide flake volume and solubility as well as the descaling rate for superheater tubes adopting the cleaning agents such as NH₄-EDTA, Na-EDTA, citric acid, hydroxyl acetic acid + formic acid, complex-organic-acid-A and complex-organic-acid-B, are carried out. And corrosion tests on four kinds of superheater materials, i.e., T22, 12Cr1MoV, T91 and TP347 adopting these cleaning agents are also conducted. The test results indicate that complex-organic-acid-B is the right one with small flaking oxide volume, high oxide dissolution rate and low corrosion rate.

Investigation on Corrosion of Single-Tube Reinforced Concrete Chimney

LU Li-he, ZHOU Chun-shan, LI Zhi-xue, WU En

2013, 46(3): 82-87. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.82.5

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The desulfurization in one domestic power plant is changed from dry style to wet style without setting up a flue gas reheating device, which results in significant chimney corrosion. The investigation on the tube surface, concrete, reinforcing bars and linings of the monocular reinforced concrete chimney in this plant and the corrosive media is launched. The assessment on the security and durability of the chimney is made as well, which reveals that the corrosion is quite strong under the circumstance of wet limestone-gypsum FGD with no GGH system. Some recommendations on the anti-corrosion design, construction and operation management of wet chimneys are put forward. Especially it is suggested to enhance the maintenance to realize reliable operation throughout the full life-cycle of the chimney.

Improvements on Mechanical Sampling Device Installed in the Middle of Belt Conveyor

ZHU Yun, ZHANG Wei, XIE Kai-ling

2013, 46(3): 88-90. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.88.2

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The CYJ type sampling device is installed in the middle of the belt conveyor at a power plant. Because of the unreasonable process control and structure design of the device, the coal samples are not representative. Some improvements on the mechanical and electrical equipment as well as the system protection of the device are made. After such modifications, the technical benchmark, design characteristics and performance testing indices of the device all meet the related national standard and industrial standard. Being capable of sampling mechanically and normatively, it can also provide the reference for the manufacturers and the users.

Discussion on Mercury Pollution Control Strategy for Thermal Power Plants

XU Yue-yang, XUE Jian-ming, WANG Hong-liang, GUAN Yi-ming, WANG Xiao-ming

2013, 46(3): 91-94. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.91.3

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The status quo of mercury pollution is introduced as well as the mercury emission forms the characteristics and the corresponding atmospheric emission standards of coal-fired power plants. The mercury pollution control issues facing the coal-fired power plants in the country are analyzed. According to the new standard on atmospheric mercury emission of coal-fired power plants, some countermeasures in respect to management and techniques are put forward. At the same time, some foreign measures are introduced, including:1) Using clean coal power generation technologies to promote energy conservation and emission reduction; 2) Making full use of existing non-mercury pollution control facilities to realize collaborative control; 3) Carrying out the research and demonstration of individual mercury removal technology, involving coal base additives, furnace injection, sorbent injection, absorption tower stabilizers, and desulfurization wastewater complexing agent, etc; 4) New mercury joint removal technologies.

Configuration Distribution and Emission Characteristics of Arsenic from Coal-Fired Power Plants

FU Jian, LIU Guo, XUE Zhi-gang, ZHI Guo-rui, ZHAO Ke

2013, 46(3): 95-99. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.95.4

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The arsenic in coal released to the environment in various forms during high-temperature combustion is harmful to humans. Centering around the behavior of arsenic in coal combustion and its emission characteristics from coal-fired power plants, recent research outcome in China as well as abroad are reviewed, concluding that the temperature is the major factor affecting the arsenic behavior. During the process of high-temperature combustion, the arsenic exists in gaseous arsenic oxide form (AsO(g)), such that the volatile rate depends on the combustion temperature and time as well as the arsenic occurrences due to the medium volatility of the element. The volatile rate increases with the rise of temperatures. The arsenic is released into the environment mostly in fly ashes. Therefore, it can be removed by making full use of the existing air pollution control facilities. At the end, the focuses on future's research are proposed regarding the existing problems.

Case Study on Reconstruction of Wet FGD Bypass Damper Plugging for 600-MW Thermal Units

NIE Peng-fei, WANG Yang, CHEN Qi-fu, ZHANG Hong-yu

2013, 46(3): 100-103. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.2013.3.100.3

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According to the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction policy for the 12^th Five-Year period, the bypass damper for the wet FGD system of a 600-MW unit in one power plant was plugged on May 17, 2012. Based on the comparison between the technical characteristics before and after plugging, the adverse effects of eliminating the bypass on the secure operation of the unit and the desulfurization equipment are presented. To improve the reliability of the desulfurization system, the desulfurization equipment is incorporated into the main equipment management with a series of measures adopted, such as installing a flue gas emergency spraying system, adding water pipelines to the mist eliminator, building a pipeline for slurry supply, splitting the power bus for large devices, adjusting logical protection and using additives for stable desulfurization efficiency. Since then, the desulfurization equipment runs stably, and no main equipment shutdown has ever happened due to breakdown of the desulphurization facilities.

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