Criterion and Delay Optimization of Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Based on Tail Current Recognition

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202409096

Abstract

Abstract:

When the circuit breaker acts, the current on the primary side of the current transformer suddenly decreases, and the inductive effect will form a tail current on secondary side, which will cause the time of return of the failure protection to be too long, resulting in the failure protection maloperation. A comprehensive criterion for the identification of circuiter failure protection based on tail current is proposed to improve the reliability of identification. Firstly, the working principle of the current transformer is analyzed, and the mechanism of the influence the tail current on the failure protection of the circuit breaker is explored. Secondly, the minimum algorithm and Fréchet distance algorithm are combined to construct a fast and reliable of the tail current comprehensive judgment criteria; Finally, according to the action delay and requirements of the circuit breaker failure protection, the delay of the circuit breaker failure protection optimized. The proposed method can effectively avoid the maloperation of the circuit breaker failure protection.

Key words: circuit breaker, failure protection, tailing current, delay optimization

CHEN Xiangwen, LIU Yang, ZHAO Qingchun, ZHANG Jin, JIN Mingliang, XU Xiaochun, WANG Yulong, XIE Hua. Criterion and Delay Optimization of Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Based on Tail Current Recognition[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(6): 198-205.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202409096

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I6/198

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Equivalent circuit

Fig.2 Classic breaker failure protection

Fig.3 Circuit breaker malfunction protection logic

Fig.4 Simulation results under scenario 1

Fig.5 Simulation results under scenario 2

Fig.6 Simulation results under scenario 3

Fig.7 Simulation results under scenario 4

Fig.8 Comparison of sampled current waveforms and algorithms

Fig.9 Simulation comparison under the condition of adding noise

Table 1 Time of malfunction protection operation in various regions

序号	地区	动作时间
1	北美地区	10周波
2	英国电网	7~8.8周波
3	加拿大	9周波
5	马来西亚	7.5 周波
6	南方电网	8周波

References 25

1	王录亮, 李炳康, 吴育毅, 等. 基于D-S证据理论的敞开式断路器局部放电检测技术[J]. 广东电力, 2023, 36 (7): 77- 83. DOI
	WANG Luliang, LI Bingkang, WU Yuyi, et al. Partial discharge detection technology of open circuit breakers based on D-S evidence theory[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2023, 36 (7): 77- 83. DOI
2	刘清泉, 杨鹏, 李铁成, 等. 应对继电保护多场景的数字仿真测试方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58 (2): 118- 125. DOI
	LIU Qingquan, YANG Peng, LI Tiecheng, et al. Digital simulation test method for multiple scenarios relay protection[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58 (2): 118- 125. DOI
3	张健, 张朋, 徐惠, 等. 低温环境下高压断路器故障模拟[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56 (5): 153- 162. DOI
	ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Peng, XU Hui, et al. Fault simulation of high-voltage circuit breaker in low-temperature environment[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56 (5): 153- 162. DOI
4	王义军, 倪斌伟, 张哲, 等. 考虑二次限流的新型限流断路器拓扑设计[J]. 东北电力大学学报, 2023, 43 (1): 76- 84.
	WANG Yijun, NI Binwei, ZHANG Zhe, et al. Topology design of new current limiting circuit breaker considering secondary current limiting[J]. Journal of Northeast Electric Power University, 2023, 43 (1): 76- 84.
5	俞胜, 周霞, 沈希澄, 等. 考虑网络攻击影响的源网荷储系统风险评估[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46 (5): 41- 49. DOI
	YU Sheng, ZHOU Xia, SHEN Xicheng, et al. Risk analysis on the source-grid-load-storage system affected by cyber attacks[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46 (5): 41- 49. DOI
6	陈凯, 王威儒, 童准. 基于电容换流的多端口直流限流断路器[J]. 东北电力大学学报, 2023, 43 (6): 32- 41.
	CHEN Kai, WANG Weiru, TONG Zhun. Multi-port current-limiting DC circuit breaker based on capacitor commutation[J]. Journal of Northeast Electric Power University, 2023, 43 (6): 32- 41.
7	黄继东, 韩海伦, 唐慧, 等. 断路器失灵时站内保护解决方案综述[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2011, 39 (12): 146- 150. DOI
	HUANG Jidong, HAN Hailun, TANG Hui, et al. Summary of system resolution aiming at breaker failure[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2011, 39 (12): 146- 150. DOI
8	温伟杰, 靳鹤志, 范晶涵, 等. 基于空间布局和杂散电感优化的直流断路器并联IGBT动态均流法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48 (15): 131- 140. DOI
	WEN Weijie, JIN Hezhi, FAN Jinghan, et al. Dynamic current sharing method for parallel IGBTs in DC circuit breaker based on optimization of layout and stray inductance[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2024, 48 (15): 131- 140. DOI
9	钟鸣, 杨志勇, 张亚光, 等. 大规模直驱风电场经柔直送出系统交直流线路故障特征分析[J]. 内蒙古电力技术, 2024, 42 (3): 42- 51.
	ZHONG Ming, YANG Zhiyong, ZHANG Yaguang, et al. Analysis on fault characteristics of large-scale direct-drive wind farm passing through AC/DC line of VSC-MTDC transmission system[J]. Inner Mongolia Electric Power, 2024, 42 (3): 42- 51.
10	丁书文. 断路器失灵保护若干问题分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2006, 30 (3): 89- 91. DOI
	DING Shuwen. Analysis on some problems of breaker failure protection[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2006, 30 (3): 89- 91. DOI
11	贾俊川, 张健, 仲悟之, 等. 应对多回并列直流换相失败的送端系统安全稳定控制措施研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37 (21): 6320- 6327.
	JIA Junchuan, ZHANG Jian, ZHONG Wuzhi, et al. Research on the security and stability control measures of the sending side system coping with multiple parallel-operation HVDCs simultaneous commutation failure[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37 (21): 6320- 6327.
12	LI B W, WEN M H, LV P F, et al. Research on sub-station-area breaker failure protection based on the principle of current differential[J]. The Journal of Engineering, 2019, 2019 (16): 1181- 1184. DOI
13	李志勇, 傅润炜, 王峥夏, 等. 电流互感器拖尾对断路器失灵保护影响的仿真研究[J]. 河南科技, 2014, 33 (9): 119- 121.
14	姜自强, 刘建勇. 南阳特高压断路器失灵保护的研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2015, 43 (12): 117- 122. DOI
	JIANG Ziqiang, LIU Jianyong. Study on Nanyang substation of UHV circuit breaker failure protection[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2015, 43 (12): 117- 122. DOI
15	余江, 周红阳, 陈朝晖, 等. 计及系统稳定需求的500kV断路器失灵及死区保护优化[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2015, 39 (2): 142- 146. DOI
	YU Jiang, ZHOU Hongyang, CHEN Zhaohui, et al. Improvement of 500kV breaker failure and dead-zone prevention based on requirement on stability of grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39 (2): 142- 146. DOI
16	余越, 郭雅蓉, 李岩军, 等. 基于CT拖尾电流截断算法的失灵保护延时优化研究[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41 (1): 285- 290.
	YU Yue, GUO Yarong, LI Yanjun, et al. Research on delay optimization of breaker failure protection based on the CT current tail truncation algorithm[J]. Power System Technology, 2017, 41 (1): 285- 290.
17	吴娅妮, 蒋卫平, 王华伟, 等. 500kV交流线路断路器短路电流延时过零现象研究[J]. 电网技术, 2013, 37 (1): 195- 200.
	WU Yani, JIANG Weiping, WANG Huawei, et al. Research on zero offset of short circuit current occurred in circuit breaker for 500 kV AC transmission line[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37 (1): 195- 200.
18	万洛飞, 李志坚, 宋斌, 等. 一种基于拖尾电流识别的失灵保护实现[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2017, 45 (11): 89- 94. DOI
	WAN Luofei, LI Zhijian, SONG Bin, et al. Implement method of breaker failure protection based on subsidence current blocking[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2017, 45 (11): 89- 94. DOI
19	申洪明, 宋璇坤, 李轶凡, 等. 基于确定系数的失灵保护优化技术方案[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2019, 47 (22): 98- 104.
	SHEN Hongming, SONG Xuankun, LI Yifan, et al. An optimization scheme for breaker failure protection using determination coefficient[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2019, 47 (22): 98- 104.
20	李振兴, 甘涛, 陈艳霞, 等. 基于Fréchet距离算法的电流互感器拖尾电流识别方法[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44 (10): 4027- 4034.
	LI Zhenxing, GAN Tao, CHEN Yanxia, et al. Tail current recognition of current transformer based on Fréchet distance algorithm[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44 (10): 4027- 4034.
21	董新涛, 李宝伟, 赵剑松, 等. 基于拖尾电流识别的断路器失灵保护判据[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42 (4): 210- 217.
	DONG Xintao, LI Baowei, ZHAO Jiansong, et al. Criterion of breaker failure protection based on identification of tail current[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42 (4): 210- 217.
22	杨朔, 谢凌东, 周宏辉, 等. 基于线阵相机的断路器分合闸速度测量系统[J]. 浙江电力, 2023, 42 (3): 109- 116.
	YANG Shuo, XIE Lingdong, ZHOU Honghui, et al. A switching speed measurement system for circuit breakers based on a linear array camera[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2023, 42 (3): 109- 116.
23	郭宇航, 孙银锋, 梁栋. 基于风电场储能精准控制的风电柔直并网直流故障穿越[J]. 东北电力大学学报, 2025, 45 (1): 45- 53.
	GUO Yuhang, SUN Yinfeng, LIANG Dong. DC fault ride-through for wind power integration via MMC-HVDC based on optimal control of energy storage inside the wind farm[J]. Journal of Northeast Electric Power University, 2025, 45 (1): 45- 53.
24	李金卜, 刘宪辉, 张晓飞, 等. 柔直电网机械式高压直流断路器分闸过电压问题分析及改进措施[J]. 内蒙古电力技术, 2023, 41 (2): 64- 68.
	LI Jinbo, LIU Xianhui, ZHANG Xiaofei, et al. Analysis and improvement measures for overvoltage problem of mechanical HVDC circuit breaker in flexible DC grid[J]. Inner Mongolia Electric Power, 2023, 41 (2): 64- 68.
25	董炜, 华文, 申屠磊璇, 等. 基于断路器支路故障电流的短路电流评估方法[J]. 浙江电力, 2023, 42 (2): 26- 34.
	DONG Wei, HUA Wen, SHENTU Leixuan, et al. A short circuit current evaluation method based on the branch fault current of the circuit breaker[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2023, 42 (2): 26- 34.

[1]	Xue WANG, Lin LIU, Wendi LIU, Yanpeng ZHAI, Ling YANG, Fangyuan XU, Yan GAO, Jixin ZHANG. A Novel Inertia Delay Optimization Control Strategy for New Power Systems Based on Crisscross Optimization [J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(7): 12-20.
[2]	ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Peng, XU Hui, GONG Mingchen, WANG Yue, ZHANG Jing. Fault Simulation of High-Voltage Circuit Breaker in Low-Temperature Environment [J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56(5): 153-162.
[3]	LI Tianhui, PANG Xianhai, FAN Hui, ZHEN Li, GU Chaomin, DONG Chi. Fault Diagnosis Method for Circuit Breaker Opening and Closing Coil Based on IEMD and GA-WNN [J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55(5): 111-121.
[4]	WU Sihang, SHEN Hong, QI Lei, QIU Peng, KUAI Zhaoxia. Prediction and Analysis of Transient Electric Field in DC Yard of Flexible Converter Station Under Short-Circuit Conditions [J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(9): 109-118.
[5]	XIA Xiaofei, LU Yufeng, SU Yi, YANG Jian. Mechanical Fault Diagnosis of High Voltage Circuit Breakers Based on Phase Space Reconstruction and Improved GSA-SVM [J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(10): 169-176.
[6]	QUAN Yue, WANG Zhiyuan, LI Binbin, XU Dianguo. A High-Voltage Large-Capacity DC/DC Converter Integrated with the Function of DC Circuit Breaker [J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(10): 46-54.
[7]	SHEN Hong, TONG Cuizhi, DONGYE Zhonghao, QI Lei, WANG Qian. Experimental Modeling of Forward Recovery Characteristics of IGBT for DC Circuit Breaker [J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(1): 54-61.
[8]	FU Shouqiang, ZHANG Libin, LI Hongjian, CHEN Xiangyu, GAO Yang, CHEN Lei. Air Clearance Calculation and Compacting Layout Design of Valve Hall in Converter Station of VSC-HVDC Grid with High Voltage and Large Capacity [J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(1): 10-18.
[9]	LI Guoqing, WEI Pengcheng, LIU Yutong, BIAN Jing. A Self-commutated HVDC Circuit Breaker Based on Forced Zero Crossing Technology [J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(1): 2-9,77.
[10]	XIONG Dezhi, CHEN Xiangqun, LI Wenwen, LIU Xiaoping, YANG Maotao, ZHANG Baoliang. Anti-strong Magnetic Interference Technology of Intelligent Miniature Circuit Breaker [J]. Electric Power, 2020, 53(11): 133-138.
[11]	LI Jinbin, XIA Tian, CHEN Jun, HAN Liu, FENG Ying. Research and Application of Operational Maintenance Standard System of Integrated Disconnecting Circuit Breaker [J]. Electric Power, 2017, 50(11): 84-89.
[12]	XU Liqing, LI Shuai, CHEN Qingxu, CHEN Xinzhi, YU Huawu. A New Type Intelligent Phase Selection Controller Design and Anti-Interference Measures [J]. Electric Power, 2016, 49(2): 176-189.
[13]	LI Bin, HAO Jiancheng, LIU Yitao, YU Zaiming. Analysis on Characteristic Data Stability and Fault Mechanism of Circuit Breaker Mechanical Characteristics [J]. Electric Power, 2015, 48(2): 59-65.
[14]	LI Shuang, LI Guan-hua, ZHU Yi-dong, HAN Hong-gang. Transient Analysis on Circuit Breaker Explosion Caused by Lightning Overvoltage [J]. Electric Power, 2014, 47(8): 33-37.
[15]	WANG Hai-yan, YUAN Duan-lei, HE Zhou. Adaptive Closed-loop Control System of Phase Selection Circuit Breakers [J]. Electric Power, 2013, 46(9): 81-85.