独立光储微电网控制策略研究

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对独立光储微电网经常遭受的各种变化和不确定性，提出一种基于滑模的控制策略，以增强对干扰的鲁棒性，改善系统的动态性能。为有效降低外界太阳照射对系统的不利影响，提出一种基于前置DC/DC变换器的非奇异快速终端滑模（non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control，NFTSMC）级联电导增量法（incremental conductance method，InC）的方案，控制光伏输出电压跟踪基准电压，从而提高最大功率点跟踪（maximum power point tracking，MPPT）性能；为降低负载变化对系统的不利影响，提出一种基于滑模控制全桥逆变器的控制方案，从而保证系统稳态误差小、动态响应好；为保证直流母线电压稳定，采用传统的双回路PI控制方案实现双向DC/DC变换器，保证系统功率平衡。最后在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行仿真测试，验证控制策略的有效性。

关键词: 独立光储微电网, 非奇异快速终端滑模控制, 最大功率点跟踪, PI控制

Abstract:

Regarding the volatility and uncertainties in the operation of independent microgrid with photovoltaic energy storage, a control strategy based on sliding mode is proposed to enhance the robustness against various disturbances and improve the system dynamic performance. In order to effectively reduce the adverse effect of external solar irradiation, a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSMC) based on front DC/DC converter is proposed, in which incremental conductance method (InC) is implemented , to boost the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance by means of adjusting the photovoltaic output voltage tracking reference voltage. In order to alleviate the adverse effect of load change on the system performance, a control scheme based on sliding mode control of full bridge inverter is proposed to achieve low steady state error and rapid dynamic response. Furthermore, in order to maintain the voltage stability of the DC bus, the traditional dual-circuit PI control scheme is used to realize the bidirectional DC/DC converter to ensure the power balance of the system. Finally, simulation tests are carried out in Matlab/simulink environment to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy.

Key words: independent optical storage microgrid, non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control, maximum power point tracking, PI control

陈炯, 吴文清, 李豪, 秦子翌, 陈翔, 陈宣元. 独立光储微电网控制策略研究[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(5): 74-81, 198.

CHEN Jiong, WU Wenqing, LI Hao, QIN Ziyi, CHEN Xiang, CHEN Xuanyuan. Research on Control Strategy of Independent Micro-grid with Photovoltaic Energy Storage[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(5): 74-81, 198.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404075

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I5/74

图/表 14

图 1 独立光储微电网系统结构

Fig.1 Structure of independent micro-grid system with photovoltaic and energy storage

图 2 DC/DC等效电路

Fig.2 DC/DC equivalent circuit

图 3 逆变器等效电路

Fig.3 Equivalent circuit of inverter

图 4 双向DC/DC等效电路

Fig.4 Bi-directional DC/DC equivalent circuit

图 5 非奇异快速终端滑模控制原理

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control

图 6 逆变器控制原理

Fig.6 Inverter control schematic diagram

图 7 双环PI控制原理

Fig.7 Dual-loop PI control schematic diagram

表 1 系统参数

Table 1 System parameters

设备	参数	数值
DC/DC变换器	L/mH	0.352
DC/DC变换器	C_in/mF	2.2
单相逆变器	L_f/mH	1.7
单相逆变器	C_f/μF	66
双向DC/DC变换器	L₁/mH	0.3
双向DC/DC变换器	C₁/μF	100
光伏电池	开路电压 U_oc/V	44.14
	短路电流 I_sc/A	5.43
	最大功率点电压 U_mp/V	36.72
	最大功率点电流 I_mp/A	5.03

图 8 2种控制方案下太阳辐照变化时的动态响应

Fig.8 Dynamic response to solar irradiation changes under 2 control schemes

表 2 2种控制方案下upv数据分析表

Table 2 upv data analysis under the two control schemes

方案	波动幅值/V	响应时间/s	降幅/%	响应提升/%
1	1.33	0.0245	77.68	34.67
2	5.96	0.0375	77.68	34.67

表 3 2种控制方案下ipv数据分析表

Table 3 ipv data analysis under the two control schemes

方案	波动幅值/A	响应时间/s	降幅/%	响应提升/%
1	0.100	0.0165	70.15	54.17
2	0.335	0.0360	70.15	54.17

表 4 2种控制方案下ppv数据分析表

Table 4 ppv data analysis under the two control schemes

方案	波动幅值/W	响应时间/s	降幅/%	响应提升/%
1	3.115	0.0160	52.15	39.62
2	6.510	0.0265	52.15	39.62

图 9 方案3、4下负荷阶跃变化时的动态响应

Fig.9 Dynamic response of schemes 3 and 4 when load step change

图 10 方案3、4控制下系统THD大小

Fig.10 System THD under the control schemes 3 and 4

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