分区协同下适应新一代智能变电站的通信链路故障定位方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202411017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新一代智能变电站融合部分装置实体，物理链路承载信息增多，链路故障后易涌现海量告警信息，增大了链路定位难度。为此，提出分区协同下适应新一代智能变电站的通信链路故障定位方法。首先建立了通信链路的图论表征方法，以连通矩阵定义节点属性，并表征节点相对位置和链路连接关系；依托告警信息推演表征节点故障状态，构建交换机节点状态重构方法，弥补交换机无告警监视的不足；基于分区协同思想构建3类连接单元并建立链路定位目标函数，采用多策略改进长鼻浣熊优化算法（multi-strategy improved coati optimization algorithm，MSCOA）求解，实现链路定位目标。基于某220 kV智能变电站的定位结果表明，该方法实现简单，收敛迅速，覆盖网络全面，对于不同位置、不同类型的链路故障均能实现准确定位，能够为现场运维提供关键指导。

关键词: 智能变电站, 通信链路, 连接单元

Abstract:

The new generation of smart substation integrates some physical device, and the physical link carries more information. The link fault is prone to massive alarm information, which increases the difficulty of link localization. To address this problem, communication link fault localization method adapted to new smart substations under partition collaboration was proposed. A graph-theoretic characterization of communication links is first established. The defined node attributes, node relative positions and link connectivity relationships are characterized by the connectivity matrix. Relying on the alarm information deduction to represent the node fault state, the switch node state reconstruction method is constructed to make up for the lack of alarm monitoring in the switch. Based on the idea of partition collaboration, three types of connection units are constructed and the link localization objective function is established. A multi-strategy improved coati optimization algorithm (MSCOA) algorithm is used to solve and to achieve the link localization objective. The localization results based on a 220kV smart substation show that the method is simple to implement, which converges quickly and covers the network comprehensively. The method can achieve accurate localization for different locations and types of link faults, which will provide critical guidance for on-site troubleshooting.

Key words: smart substation, communication link, connection unit

叶远波, 王吉文, 孙振兴, 王志强, 赵勇呓. 分区协同下适应新一代智能变电站的通信链路故障定位方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(9): 79-87.

YE Yuanbo, WANG Jiwen, SUN Zhenxing, WANG Zhiqiang, ZHAO Yongyi. Communication Link Fault Localization Method Adapted to New Smart Substations Under Partition Collaboration[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(9): 79-87.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202411017

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I9/79

图/表 15

图 1 智能变电站通信链路典型架构

Fig.1 Typical architecture of smart substation communication link

图 2 线路间隔连通

Fig.2 Connectivity graph of line intervals

表 1 直连链路告警信息

Table 1 Alarm information of the direct link

故障说明	影响	后台告警信息
合并单元- 保护装置直连链路中断（链路8）	缺失电压电流采样信号，保护功能丢失	线路保护装置异常
		线路保护装置电流、电压断线
		线路合并单元SV通信异常
智能终端- 保护装置直连链路中断（链路7）	跳闸回路中断，保护无法正常动作	线路保护装置异常
		线路智能终端异常或故障
		线路智能终端GOOSE通信异常

图 3 交换机相关链路

Fig.3 Switch-related links

表 2 交换机告警信息

Table 2 Alarm information of the direct link

故障链路	链路类型	包含的告警节点
2	分支链路	1、3
6	分支链路	3、9
1	集总链路	1、3、4、5、6
15	集总链路	3、4、5、9

图 4 直采直跳连接单元

Fig.4 Direct acquisition and direct trip connection unit

图 5 MSCOA智能变电站链路定位流程

Fig.5 MSCOA link localization in smart substation

图 6 智能变电站二次系统典型拓扑

Fig.6 Typical secondary topology of smart substation

图 7 佳点集初始化结果

Fig.7 Good point set initialization results

图 8 算法性能对比与定位结果（单链路）

Fig.8 Comparison of algorithm performance and localization result (single link)

表 3 单链路故障定位结果

Table 3 Localization results for single-link faults

故障链路	节点状态信息	输出最优解	定位结果
6	[0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]	[0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]	6
14	[0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]	[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]	14

图 9 算法性能对比与定位结果（多链路）

Fig.9 Comparison of algorithm performance and localization result (multi-links)

表 4 多链路故障定位结果

Table 4 Localization results for multi-link faults

故障链路	节点状态信息	输出最优解	定位结果
9、 40	[0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1]	[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0]	9、 40
4、 20	[0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0]	[0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]	4、 20

表 5 算法准确率统计

Table 5 Statistics of algorithm accuracy

方法	需要拓扑	故障样本	装置改造	定位范围
本文	√	×	×	全网
文献[6]	√	√	×	全网
文献[16]	√	×	√	过程层

表 6 算法准确率统计

Table 6 Statistics of algorithm accuracy 单位：%

方法	链路20故障	方法	链路19、23故障
BGA	88	BGA	75
BPSO	92	BPSO	83
MSCOA	99	MSCOA	96

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