英国政府驱动的新能源差价合约设计及对中国的启示

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202409001

中国电力 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 74-83.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202409001

英国政府驱动的新能源差价合约设计及对中国的启示

崔长江¹(), 李煜鹏²(), 邓雯丽¹(), 李世民¹, 秦丽娟¹, 荆朝霞²()

1. 广西电力交易中心有限责任公司，广西南宁　530013
2. 华南理工大学电力学院，广东广州　510641

收稿日期:2024-09-02 修回日期:2025-12-29 发布日期:2026-03-16 出版日期:2026-03-28
作者简介:
崔长江（1980），男，高级工程师，从事电力市场、电力调度与控制等研究，E-mail：gxdljyzx@gx.csg.cn
李煜鹏（2001），男，硕士研究生，从事电力差价合约和容量充裕度机制研究，E-mail：202321014330@mail.scut.edu.cn
邓雯丽（1996），女，经济师，从事电力市场研究，E-mail：wlideng@163.com
荆朝霞（1975），女，通信作者，博士，教授，从事电力市场、综合能源建模与优化、电动汽车充换电设施运营、电网规划等研究，E-mail：zxjing@scut.edu.cn
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学研究专项基金资助项目（25JD710009）。

The design of government-driven renewable energy contracts for difference in the UK electricity market and their implications for China

CUI Changjiang¹(), LI Yupeng²(), DENG Wenli¹(), LI Shimin¹, QIN Lijuan¹, JING Zhaoxia²()

1. Guangxi Power Exchange Center Co. Ltd., Nanning 530013, China
2. School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

Received:2024-09-02 Revised:2025-12-29 Online:2026-03-16 Published:2026-03-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by Foundation Project of Ministry of Education Special Research Project for Humanities and Social Sciences (No.25JD710009).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新型电力系统与电力现货市场建设同步推进，稳妥有序推动新能源参与电力市场，同时设计支持其可持续发展的机制是需要重点研究的问题。英国差价合约的实践经验具有重要的借鉴意义。对英国差价合约的参与方、主要流程及概念进行阐述，对机组分类、行政执行价计算、合约分配、参考价计算等方法进行总结和分析，提出适合中国新能源发展的政府授权差价合约设计建议，包括：根据政策目的分为衔接新能源保障性政策的衔接型合约以及用于解决新能源相关外部性问题的主动型合约两类；合约目标需要关注市场力控制和结算试运行阶段不同市场模式的衔接；设计参考价时需要考虑中国现货市场的模式及中长期交易的管制现状；合约量尽量采用事前确定模式等。

关键词: 电力市场, 新能源, 差价合约, 政府授权合约, 机制设计

Abstract:

With the simultaneous advancement of new power systems and electricity spot markets, a critical challenge lies in ensuring the secure and orderly integration of new energy into the electricity market while establishing mechanisms that underpin its sustainable development. The UK's experience with contracts for difference (CfD) offers valuable insights in this context. This paper elucidates the key participants, primary processes, and fundamental concepts of the UK's CfD mechanism. Methodologies related to unit classification, administrative strike price calculation, contract allocation, and reference price determination are systematically summarized and analyzed. Building on this analysis, a government-driven CfD framework tailored to China's new energy development is proposed. Key recommendations emphasize the categorization of contracts into two types based on policy objectives, including transitional contracts to align with existing new energy support policies and proactive contracts to address new energy externalities. The objectives of contracts should focus on market power mitigation and the coordination of diverse market modes during the settlement trial phase. Reference price design is recommended to account for China's spot market structure and regulatory realities in medium and long-term transaction, while contract volumes are suggested to adopt ex-ante allocation modes.

Key words: electricity market, renewable energy, contract for difference, government-driven contract, mechanism design

崔长江, 李煜鹏, 邓雯丽, 李世民, 秦丽娟, 荆朝霞. 英国政府驱动的新能源差价合约设计及对中国的启示[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(3): 74-83.

CUI Changjiang, LI Yupeng, DENG Wenli, LI Shimin, QIN Lijuan, JING Zhaoxia. The design of government-driven renewable energy contracts for difference in the UK electricity market and their implications for China[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(3): 74-83.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202409001

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V59/I3/74

图/表 5

图 1 差价合约流程

Fig.1 Contract for difference process

表 1 差价合约分配轮次

Table 1 Allocation round

分配轮次	起止时间	总容量/MW
AR1	2014–10—2015–03	2139
AR2	2017–03—2017–09	3345
AR3	2019–05—2019–09	5775
AR4	2021–12—2022–07	10792
AR5	2023–03—2023–09	3697
AR6	2024–03—2024–09	9648
AR7	2025年	—

图 2 项目成本及收益时序

Fig.2 Timing of project costs and revenues

图 3 供应曲线（A）

Fig.3 Supply curve (A)

图 4 供应曲线（B）

Fig.4 Supply curve (B)

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