应对岸上故障的海上风电多端柔直系统协调控制策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202308031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对海上风电多端柔直系统岸上交流电网故障时的盈余功率问题，提出一种采用能量控制的多个海上换流站与风电机组的协调控制策略。在故障期间，部分海上换流站先启动能量控制，根据直流电压的变化抬升能量参考值，吸收直流系统中的盈余功率。剩余海上换流站对直流电压进行预测，当直流电压预测值超过限值后，剩余海上换流站启动能量控制吸收盈余功率。海上换流站在吸收盈余功率的同时对风电机组采用降压控制，根据换流站储能的增加情况降低风机侧交流电压参考值。风电机组网侧换流器根据交流电压的变化调节d轴电流参考值，减少输送到多端柔直系统的有功功率，避免多端柔直系统的直流电压越限。最后，在PSCAD/EMTDC中对不同类型的故障进行仿真，验证了所提协调控制策略的有效性。

关键词: 多端柔直系统, 交流故障, 盈余功率, 能量控制, 降压控制, 协调控制

Abstract:

This paper proposed a coordinated control strategy of multiple wind farm modular multilevel converters (WFMMCs) and wind turbines using energy control to address the issue of surplus power during faults in the onshore alternating current (AC) power grid of a modular multilevel converter based multi-terminal direct current (MMC-MTDC) system for offshore wind power. During the fault period, some WFMMCs first initiate energy control, raising the energy reference value based on changes in direct current (DC) voltage to absorb surplus power in the DC system. The remaining WFMMCs predict the DC voltage, and when the predicted DC voltage exceeds the limit, the remaining WFMMCs activate energy control to absorb surplus power. The WFMMCs adopt voltage reduction control on the wind turbine while absorbing surplus power and reduce the reference value of the AC voltage on the wind turbine side based on the increase in energy storage at the WFMMC. The grid side converter of the wind turbine adjusts the reference value of the d-axis current based on changes in AC voltage, reducing the active power transmitted to the MMC-MTDC system and avoiding the DC voltage exceeding the limit of the MMC-MTDC system. Finally, different types of faults were simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated control strategy.

Key words: multi-terminal flexible and direct current system, AC fault, surplus power, energy control, voltage reduction control, coordinated control

赵平, 贾浩森, 高亨孝, 李振兴. 应对岸上故障的海上风电多端柔直系统协调控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(8): 85-95.

Ping ZHAO, Haosen JIA, Hengxiao GAO, Zhenxing LI. Coordinated Control Strategy of Modular Multi-level Converter-Based Multi-terminal Direct Current System for Onshore Wind Power Faults[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(8): 85-95.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202308031

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I8/85

图/表 14

图 1 海上风电多端柔直系统拓扑结构

Fig.1 Topology of MMC-MTDC for offshore wind power

表 1 海上风电多端柔直系统参数配置

Table 1 Parameters of MMC-MTDC system for offshore wind power

参数	数值	参数	数值
WFMMC1额定容量/(MV·A)	400	直流电缆电感/(mH·km^–1)	0.16
WFMMC2额定容量/(MV·A)	300	直流电缆1长度/km	200
GSMMC1额定容量/(MV·A)	400	直流电缆2长度/km	200
GSMMC2额定容量/(MV·A)	300	直流电缆3长度/km	200
额定直流电压/kV	400	直流电缆4长度/km	200
桥臂的子模块个数	200	交流架空线长度/km	50
子模块额定电压/kV	2	交流电网1容量/(MV·A)	4000
子模块电容/μF	4000	交流电网2容量/(MV·A)	3000
桥臂电抗器/mH	133	交流电网1电源装机容量/MW	5000
直流电缆电阻/(Ω·km^–1)	0.01	交流电网2电源装机容量/MW	3750
直流电缆电容/(μF·km^–1)	0.23

图 2 风电机组控制策略

Fig.2 Control strategy of wind turbines

图 3 岸上换流站的控制策略

Fig.3 Control strategy of GSMMC

图 4 海上换流站的控制策略

Fig.4 Control strategy of WFMMC

图 5 海上换流站的能量控制策略

Fig.5 Energy control strategy of WFMMC

图 6 海上风电多端柔直系统协调控制策略

Fig.6 Coordinated control strategy of MMC-MTDC for offshore wind power

图 7 海上换流站能量参考值特性曲线

Fig.7 Characteristic curve of energy reference value for WFMMC

图 8 交流电压参考值特性曲线

Fig.8 Characteristic curve of reference value for AC voltage

图 9 d轴电流参考值特性曲线

Fig.9 Characteristic curve of reference value for d-axis current

图 10 海上风电多端柔直系统协调控制流程

Fig.10 Coordinated control flow of MMC-MTDC for offshore wind power

图 11 单相接地故障波形

Fig.11 Waveform of single-phase grounding fault

图 12 两相接地故障波形

Fig.12 Waveform of two-phase grounding fault

图 13 三相接地故障波形

Fig.13 Waveform of three-phase grounding fault

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