暴雨灾害下计及移动应急电源优化的电网负荷恢复策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502050

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用多种形式移动应急电源在时空维度内进行灵活电能调度，是实现暴雨等灾害下电网重要负荷快速恢复、提升城市配电网韧性的重要技术途径。因此，提出一种基于移动应急电源对暴雨灾后配电网快速恢复的协同优化策略。首先，建立移动应急电源时-空耦合的移动行为模型，构建表征移动应急电源在灾后电网中移动的线性约束。然后，分别针对移动储能、移动发电机2类主要移动应急电源，并计及移动储能的充、放电行为，构建表征移动应急电源运行的相关约束。同时，与表征电网运行的约束条件相结合，并以最大化负荷恢复电量兼顾调度成本为原则构建目标函数，建立计及移动应急电源协同优化的灾后电网负荷恢复的混合整数二阶锥优化模型。最后，通过设置不同算例场景，分析暴雨灾害之后移动应急电源调度与负荷恢复结果，验证了所提模型的准确性和有效性。

关键词: 灾后电网, 负荷恢复, 移动储能, 移动发电机, 二阶锥优化

Abstract:

Utilizing various forms of mobile emergency power sources to flexibly dispatch electrical energy is an important technical approach to rapidly restore the important loads of power grids and enhance the resilience of urban distribution networks under rainstorm disasters. Therefore, a collaborative optimization strategy for rapid recovery of distribution networks after rainstorm disasters based on mobile emergency power sources is proposed. Firstly, a spatio-temporally coupled mobile behavior model for mobile emergency power sources is developed, and linear constraints characterizing the movement of mobile emergency power sources in post-disaster power grids are constructed. Then, relevant constraints characterizing the output operation of mobile emergency power sources are constructed to address the two main categories—mobile energy storage and mobile generators—while accounting for the charging and discharging behaviors of mobile energy storage systems. Meanwhile, by integrating with constraints characterizing power grid operations, an objective function is constructed based on the principle of maximizing restored load energy while considering dispatch costs, and a mixed-integer second-order cone optimization model for post-disaster grid load restoration is established, which incorporates the collaborative optimization of mobile emergency power sources. Finally, by setting up different case scenarios, this study analyzes the dispatch of mobile emergency power sources and the load recovery results after rainstorm disasters, verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model.

Key words: post-disaster power grid, load restoration, mobile energy storage, mobile generator, second-order cone optimization

杨廷天, 林星辛, 曾柯寒, 张才斌. 暴雨灾害下计及移动应急电源优化的电网负荷恢复策略[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(2): 90-103.

YANG Tingtian, LIN Xingxin, ZENG Kehan, ZHANG Caibin. Power grid load restoration strategy considering optimization of mobile emergency power sources under heavy rainstorm disasters[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(2): 90-103.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502050

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V59/I2/90

图/表 23

图 1 2012年至2022年中国国家级气象观测站记录的暴雨日数变化趋势

Fig.1 The trend of heavy rain days at national-level meteorological stations in China from 2012 to 2022

图 2 2012年至2022年中国国家级气象观测站记录的大暴雨和特大暴雨日数变化趋势

Fig.2 The trend of heavy rainstorms and torrential rain days at national-level meteorological stations in China from 2012 to 2022

图 3 移动电源协同优化的灾后电网负荷恢复操作框架

Fig.3 Operational framework for load restoration of post-disaster power grid with coordinated optimization of mobile power sources

图 4 37节点电网

Fig.4 37-node power grid

表 1 灾后电网断路状态

Table 1 Post-disaster power grid disconnection status

序号	首节点	末节点	修复时段/s
1	702	705	t=8
2	702	703	t=10
3	713	704	t=12
4	709	708	t=16
5	734	710	t=18
6	737	738	t=20

图 5 灾后电网和移动应急电源接入点

Fig.5 Post-disaster power grid and mobile emergency power access point

表 2 灾后电网孤岛负荷需求

Table 2 Post disaster islanding load demand of power grid

孤岛	负荷/kW
1（742）	178
2（704）	422
3（709）	453
4（734）	309
5（735）	127
6（741）	253

图 6 方案1移动应急电源运行情况

Fig.6 Operation status of mobile emergency power supply in plan 1

图 7 方案1移动应急电源运行情况

Fig.7 Operation status of mobile emergency power supply in plan 1

图 8 方案1移动应急电源出力

Fig.8 Output of mobile emergency power supply in plan 1

图 9 方案2移动储能1运行情况

Fig.9 Operation status of mobile energy storage 1 in plan 2

图 10 方案2移动储能2运行情况

Fig.10 Operation status of mobile energy storage 2 in plan 2

图 11 方案2移动应急电源运行情况

Fig.11 Operation status of mobile emergency power supply in plan 2

图 12 方案2移动应急电源出力

Fig.12 Output status of mobile emergency power supply in plan 2

图 13 方案3移动应急电源运行情况

Fig.13 Operation status of mobile emergency power supply in plan 3

图 14 方案3移动应急电源运行情况

Fig.14 Operation status of mobile emergency power supply in plan 3

图 15 方案3移动应急电源出力情况

Fig.15 Output status of mobile emergency power supply in plan 3

表 3 3种方案的总运行成本和总负荷恢复量

Table 3 The total operating cost and total load recovery of three plans

方案	负荷恢复/kW	运行成本/元
1	10294	7736.96
2	5214	2339.38
3	8076	5299.58

图 16 不同时段下的依靠移动应急电源供电负荷占该时段总负荷需求百分比

Fig.16 Percentage of load powered by mobile emergency power supply to total load demand in different time periods

表 4 不同孤岛的供电等级

Table 4 Power supply grade of different islanded systems

孤岛	权重	等级
1	2	二级
2	3	一级
3	3	一级
4	1	三级
5	1	三级
6	2	二级

图 17 考虑供电优先级的移动应急电源运行决策

Fig.17 Operation decision-making of mobile emergency power supply considering power supply priority

图 18 增加运行惩罚因子的移动应急电源运行决策

Fig.18 Operation decision-making of mobile emergency power supply added with an operational penalty factor

图 19 不同故障修复时间下移动电源运行决策

Fig.19 Power operation decision-making under different fault repair time scenarios

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