考虑损耗的永磁风力发电系统改进功率反馈法最大风能跟踪控制

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202307008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

永磁直驱风力发电系统（PMSG）采用传统功率反馈最大功率跟踪（MPPT）控制方法时，需要提前获取机组的功率-转速曲线，且机组的风能转换率会随着风机使用时间而变化，从而降低了功率反馈法的控制精度。本文基于传统功率反馈控制方法，在考虑发电机内部损耗的前提下，提出考虑损耗的永磁直驱风电系统改进功率反馈法MPPT控制策略。该策略通过爬山搜索法跟踪风机最大功率点，在考虑损耗的基础上准确地计算出功率反馈法所需要的比例系数，进而计算出参考功率，从而实现最大风能跟踪。通过对该策略进行仿真和实验研究，验证了控制策略的有效性和可行性。

关键词: 风能转换系统, 永磁同步发电机, 最大功率点跟踪, 功率反馈法, 爬山搜索法

Abstract:

In the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of the traditional power signal feedback (PSF) method for the direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), it is necessary to obtain the power-speed curve of wind turbines in advance, and wind energy conversion efficiency of the turbines will change with time, thereby reducing the control accuracy of PSF method. Based on the traditional PSF method, this paper proposes an improved MPPT control strategy for PMSG considering internal loss. This strategy tracks the maximum power points of wind turbines through the hill climb searching method and then accurately calculates the proportion coefficient required by the PSF method and the reference power to track the maximum wind power. Both the simulation and experiments verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy.

Key words: wind energy conversion system, permanent magnet synchronous generator, maximum power point tracking, power signal feedback method, hill climb searching

成云朋, 李建华, 蔡寿国, 张学波, 王永, 陆晔, 朱瑛. 考虑损耗的永磁风力发电系统改进功率反馈法最大风能跟踪控制[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(10): 62-70.

Yunpeng CHENG, Jianhua LI, Shouguo CAI, Xuebo ZHANG, Yong WANG, Ye LU, Ying ZHU. Improved Maximum Power Point Tracking Control of Power Signal Feedback Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Considering Loss[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56(10): 62-70.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202307008

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V56/I10/62

图/表 13

图 1 Pw-ωm曲线

Fig.1 Pw–ωm curve

图 2 改进功率反馈MPPT法流程

Fig.2 Flow chart of improved MPPT method of PSF

表 1 风电系统仿真参数

Table 1 Simulation parameters of wind power generation system

风力机参数	数值	永磁同步电机参数	数值
风轮半径/m	38.8	定子电阻/Ω	0.001
转动惯量/(kg·m²)	16000	永磁磁链/Wb	10
切入/切出风速/(m·s^–1)	3/25	极对数	40
额定风速/(m·s^–1)	12	d-q轴电感/H	0.0015
最佳叶尖速比	8.1	额定功率/MW	2.5
最大风能转换率	0.48	额定角速度/(rad·s^–1)	2.495
空气密度/(kg·m^–3)	1.225	铁耗模拟电阻/Ω	25

图 3 风速波形

Fig.3 Simulated waveform of wind speed

图 4 定步长爬山法波形

Fig.4 Simulated waveform of HCS with fixed step

图 5 变步长爬山法比例系数

Fig.5 Proportion coefficient under HCS with changed step

图 6 改进功率反馈法波形

Fig.6 Simulated waveform of improved PSF control

图 7 永磁风电系统模拟实验平台

Fig.7 Experimental platform of PMSG

表 2 实验永磁电机参数

Table 2 Parameters of experimental PMSG

永磁同步电机参数		数值
定子电阻/Ω		2
d-q轴电感/H		0.008
永磁磁链/Wb		0.25
极对数		4
额定功率/kW		3
额定转速/(r·min^–1)		750

图 8 实验风速波形

Fig.8 Experimental waveform of wind speed

图 9 功率反馈法波形

Fig.9 Experimental waveform of PSF control

图 10 叶尖速比法波形

Fig.10 Experimental waveform of TSR control

图 11 改进功率反馈法波形

Fig.11 Experimental waveform of improved PSF control

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