新能源场站快速频率响应分析与高效测试装置设计

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410061

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新能源大规模接入电网，场站频率响应性能愈发关键，其快速频率响应能力成为保障电网稳定的重要支撑。针对这一挑战，提出一种适用于新能源场站快速频率响应技术的高效测试设计方案。首先，分析锁相环（phase locked loop，PLL）固有缺陷及并网条件下频率响应指标特性；其次，提出固定轨迹控制策略，实现频率扰动工况下的功率波动抑制；接着，构建快速频率响应测试系统架构，支持电压馈出与自动发电控制（automatic generation control，AGC）命令反馈，实现动态响应测试；最后，开发的工程应用系统可适配多种测试环境，验证方案不仅符合相关标准要求，而且提高了准确性与效率。

关键词: 新能源场站, 快速频率响应, 固定轨迹控制策略, 高效测试系统

Abstract:

With the large-scale access of new energy to the power grid, the frequency response performance of the power station is becoming increasingly critical, and its rapid response capability has become an important support for ensuring the stability of the power grid. In view of this challenge, an efficient test design scheme for the rapid frequency response technology of new power stations is proposed. Firstly, the inherent defects of the phase locked loop (PLL) and the characteristics of the frequency response index under the condition of grid connection are analyzed., a fixed trajectory control strategy is proposed to suppress the power fluctuation under the frequency disturbance condition. Then, the rapid frequency response test system architecture is constructed, which supports voltage feed and generation control (AGC) command feedback to realize dynamic response test. Finally, the developed engineering application system can adapt to a variety of test environments, and the verification scheme not only the requirements of relevant standards, but also improves accuracy and efficiency.

Key words: new energy stations, fast frequency response, fixed trajectory control strategy, efficient test system

张睿骁, 梁利, 王定美. 新能源场站快速频率响应分析与高效测试装置设计[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(5): 144-151.

ZHANG Ruixiao, LIANG Li, WANG Dingmei. Fast Frequency Response Analysis and Efficient Test Device Design of New Energy Station[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(5): 144-151.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410061

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I5/144

图/表 17

图 1 新能源场站快速频率响应技术路线

Fig.1 The technical route of rapid frequency response of new energy stations

图 2 频率扰动波形

Fig.2 Frequency perturbation waveform

图 3 风电场站快速频率响应有功-频率下垂特性控制

Fig.3 Wind farm station fast frequency response active-frequency droop characteristic control

图 4 频率阶跃扰动试验分析

Fig.4 Frequency step Disturbance test analysis

表 1 快速频率响应性能指标

Table 1 Fast frequency response performance indicators

场站	$ {t_{\rm hx}} $/s	$ {t_{0.9}} $/s	$ {t_{\rm s}} $/s	调频控制偏差/%
光伏场站	≤3	≤5	≤15	±1
风电场站	≤3	≤12	≤15	±1

图 5 风电系统惯量控制

Fig.5 Inertia control of wind power system

图 6 固定轨迹的风电系统惯量控制策略

Fig.6 Inertia control strategy for wind power system with fixed trajectory

图 7 集中式控制方式快速频率响应测试系统架构

Fig.7 Centralized control method fast frequency response test system architecture

图 8 测试工具整体框架

Fig.8 Overall framework of the test tool

图 9 频率扰动试验流程

Fig.9 Flow chart of frequency disturbance test

图 10 频率先升后降扰动响应波形

Fig.10 Frequency rise and fall perturbation response waveform

表 2 频率阶跃扰动测试结果

Table 2 Frequency step disturbance test results

序号	频率扰动类型	阶跃目标频率/Hz	响应滞后时间/s	响应时间/s	调节时间/s	控制偏差/%	测试结论
1	20%~30%P_n 阶跃上扰	50.21	0.440	0.540	0.540	–0.131	合格
2	20%~30%P_n 阶跃上扰		0.477	0.577	0.577	–0.004
3	50%~90%P_n 阶跃上扰		0.474	0.574	0.574	–0.217
4	50%~90%P_n 阶跃上扰		0.496	0.596	0.596	–0.155
5	20%~30%P_n 阶跃下扰	49.79	0.619	0.719	0.719	0.089
6	20%~30%P_n 阶跃下扰		0.450	0.550	0.550	0.029
7	50%~90%P_n 阶跃下扰		0.463	0.563	0.563	–0.059
8	50%~90%P_n 阶跃下扰		0.455	0.555	0.555	–0.107

表 3 频率连续波动阶跃扰动测试结果

Table 3 Test results of frequency continuous fluctuation step disturbance

序号	频率扰动类型	阶跃目标频率/Hz	响应滞后时间/s	响应时间/s	调节时间/s	控制偏差/%	测试结论
1	20%~30%P_n	50.21→ 49.79	0.480	0.740	0.740	0.261	合格
1	20%~30%P_n		0.517	0.767	0.767	0.244
2	50%~90%P_n		0.504	0.842	0.842	0.217
2	50%~90%P_n		0.526	0.846	0.846	0.175
3	20%~30%P_n	49.79→ 50.21	0.719	0.756	0.756	0.293
3	20%~30%P_n		0.640	0.750	0.750	0.345
4	50%~90%P_n		0.563	0.753	0.753	0.450
4	50%~90%P_n		0.580	0.724	0.724	0.310

表 4 模拟实际频率扰动测试结果

Table 4 Simulated actual frequency disturbance test results

序号	频率扰动类型	一次调频响应合格率/%	一次调频积分电量合格率/%	一次调频合格率/%
1	20%~30%P_n阶跃上扰1	101.207	99.471	100.339
2	50%~90%P_n阶跃上扰2	98.042	103.508	100.775
3	20%~30%P_n阶跃下扰1	103.727	107.927	105.827
4	50%~90%P_n阶跃下扰2	105.877	105.039	105.458

图 11 自动测试系统界面

Fig.11 Automatic testing tool interface diagram

表 5 工程实际频率阶跃扰动结果

Table 5 Results of actual frequency step disturbance in engineering

序号	频率扰动类型	阶跃目标频率/Hz	响应滞后时间/s	响应时间/s	调节时间/s	控制偏差/%	测试结论
1	20%~30%P_n 阶跃上扰	50.1	0.250	0.370	0.370	–0.060	合格
2	20%~30%P_n 阶跃上扰		0.380	0.480	0.480	–0.140
3	50%~90%P_n 阶跃上扰		0.445	0.545	0.545	–0.170
4	50%~90%P_n 阶跃上扰		0.576	0.684	0.684	–0.140
5	20%~30%P_n 阶跃下扰	49.9	0.579	0.684	0.684	0.150
6	20%~30%P_n 阶跃下扰		0.450	0.550	0.550	0.159
7	50%~90%P_n 阶跃下扰		0.340	0.450	0.450	–0.120
8	50%~90%P_n 阶跃下扰		0.468	0.580	0.580	–0.078

图 12 实际频率阶跃扰动实验分析

Fig.12 Experimental analysis diagram of Actual frequency step disturbance

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